31 July 1703
Daniel Defoe spent the last of his three days in the pillory after being convicted of seditious libel. He was surrounded at the pillory by his supporters, thus sparing him the indignities normally suffered by those sentenced to such a punishment.
31 July 1932
In Germany’s federal elections, Adolf Hitler‘s Nazi Party wins 38 per cent of the vote and 230 seats to become the largest party in parliament for the first time.
31 July 1972
British forces launched Operation Motorman, an attempt to regain control of the ‘no-go’ areas established by Republican paramilitaries, notably in Belfast and Derry/ Londonderry.
31 July 1991
After nine years of negotiation between their two countries, US president George Bush and Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in the Moscow Kremlin.
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