{"id":13642,"date":"2022-05-16T13:00:04","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T11:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/?post_type=purple_issue&p=13642"},"modified":"2022-05-16T13:00:04","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T11:00:04","slug":"civil-war-sieges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/2022\/05\/16\/civil-war-sieges\/","title":{"rendered":"Civil War sieges"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

CIVIL WAR SIEGES<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n

THE SIEGE<\/span><\/h1>\n\n
When some 6,000 parliamentarians tried to prise a few hundred royalists out of Basing House in 1643, they began a brutal siege that would drag on for years \u2013 and see thousands slaughtered. Jessie Childs <\/span><\/strong>tells the story of a desperate struggle that became a defining episode of the Civil War <\/h5>\n\n
\"\"
In the line of fire<\/span><\/strong> The siege of Basing House, in a contemporary engraving. The royalist stronghold was seen as a \u201cmicrocosm of Stuart degeneracy\u201d, which the parliamentarians were determined to purge<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

O<\/span>n a plant-finding expedition to Kent in 1633, the apothecary Thomas Johnson looked out from the tower of Canterbury Cathedral and despaired at the inadequacy of the town\u2019s defences. \u201cOur people,\u201d he lamented, \u201clike the Spartans of old, set more store upon arms than upon walls for protection.\u201d A decade later, Lieutenant Colonel Johnson was shoring up the defences of Basing House in Hampshire, ahead of an imminent parliamentarian attack \u2013 and presumably wishing that someone had listened to him earlier.<\/p>\n\n

We have always preferred the glamour of the battle to the dog-work of a siege. We hear the rumble of the cavalry charge and the first dry rattle of new-drawn steel more keenly than the sound of digging and guard duty. We imagine the king\u2019s battle standard rescued at Edgehill and the royalist horse reduced to \u201cstubble\u201d by Cromwell\u2019s troops on Marston Moor, but a half-starved garrison negotiating terms of surrender is rarely part of the picture.<\/p>\n\n

Yet the Civil War was not only won at Marston Moor, nor even at Naseby when Charles I lost his artillery and a large part of his officer corps in June 1645. It was won three months later, at Bristol, when his nephew Prince Rupert yielded England\u2019s second city and, with it, his command of the royalist army. It was won when further strongholds were taken and destroyed, securing parliament\u2019s supply lines and, ultimately, giving the king nowhere to hide.<\/p>\n\n

From Hull, where arguably the war began in July 1642, to Harlech, where the last royalist garrison surrendered in March 1647, the first Civil War was predominantly fought around walled towns, medieval castles and fortified manor houses. Each side had areas of dominance, but this was not a regional conflict in the sense, say, of the American Civil War, with a geographically defined North and South. Once it became clear that the war between king and parliament would not be decided by one big battle, it mushroomed into hundreds of local contests for resources, supply lines and communications. In Ireland, too, the fighting was characterised by batteries and blockades, skirmishes and storms.\u201c We make war more like foxes than like lions,\u201d wrote Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, \u201cand you will have 20 sieges for one battle.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

\u201cWe make war more like foxes than lions,\u201d wrote Roger Boyle. \u201cYou will have 20 sieges for one battle\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

\"\"
Life on the frontline<\/span><\/strong> Scenes from the Civil War adorn the 1685 frontispiece of a chronicle of the conflict. The war was fought around walled towns and cities, with sieges being much more prevalent than pitched battles <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Terrorised towns<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

This all matters because the nature of the Civil War helps to explain the pity of it, the scope of it, and its consequences \u2013 not least for the king. The causes of the war were by no means clear-cut, but Charles was executed because enough people in power believed that only a ruthless tyrant could renew hostilities, as Charles had done in 1648 (again suffering defeat), after so much slaughter. Charles, the army leaders decided, was a \u201cman of blood\u201d against whom the Lord had witnessed and by whom an account must be made \u201cfor that blood he had shed and mischief he had done\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

We hardly have to look back to the 17th century to know that when neighbourhoods become frontlines, civilians pay the price. Sieges terrorised local communities, spread disease and sucked the produce from the land. Houses were destroyed to provide field of fire, \u201ccontribution money\u201d was collected by both sides, and farms were stripped bare.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

The almsfolk at the hospital of St Mary Magdalen near Winchester lost 36 sheep to the royalists over Christmas 1643. They didn\u2019t complain at the time, but the following March they were forced to petition General Ralph Hopton after royalists broke in and took all their seed barley and every bit of wood \u2013 the gates, doors, wainscot, tables, cupboards, even the pews in their chapel. \u201cYour poor petitioners,\u201d they wrote, \u201cbeing very aged and impotent persons [are] thereby made destitute of the means of having either temporal or spiritual food.\u201d Hopton signed a protection order, but by then there wasn\u2019t even a stable door left to close.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\"\"
The king\u2019s man<\/span><\/strong> John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester owned Basing House and was a staunch supporter of Charles I. He set up his home as a refuge for royalist families <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Strategy and symbolism <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

A series of sieges at Basing House, 20 miles north-east of Winchester, illustrates the hard lessons parliament had to learn before it could win the war. Basing House was the mist-shrouded mansion of John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester. Said to be \u201cthe greatest of any subject\u2019s house in England\u201d, it was encircled by a deep ditch and thick, earthlined walls. Situated 40 miles south of the king\u2019s headquarters in Oxford, and 50 miles south-west of parliamentarian London, it disrupted military and commercial traffic between the capital and the west and channelled resources and intelligence up to Oxford.<\/p>\n\n

Symbolically, too, Basing House \u2013a refuge for prominent royalist families and their treasure chests \u2013 was vital. It came to be viewed from London as a microcosm of Stuart degeneracy. The marquess was Catholic \u2013a \u201cpapist\u201d to use the contemporary slur \u2013 while his wife, Honora, was half-Irish [for more on Honora, see our box on page 28]. Their beleaguered guests included actors, artists, writers and the architect Inigo Jones who helped with the fortifications. To Puritans, Basing House was \u201ca limb of Babylon\u201d, \u201ca nest of the vilest vermin in all the kingdom\u201d. It was here, announced one preacher, that \u201creligion and laws and liberties and the very being of our English nation lie at stake\u201d. It took parliament more than two years to figure out how to take it.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Hitting a brick wall<\/span><\/strong> William \u201cthe Conqueror\u201d Waller was tasked with taking Basing House for the parliamentarians. However, his attempts to seize the mansion ended in disaster<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Thwarting \u201cthe Conqueror\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

The first major assault on Basing House \u2013 after a failed local attack in July \u2013 was commanded by William \u201cthe Conqueror\u201d Waller, a Puritan general who detested \u201cthis war without an enemy\u201d, but was nevertheless certain that God would help him win it. He set down before Basing House on 6 November 1643 with around 6,000 men. The garrison comprised 400 defenders. It was, Waller was told, \u201cbut a slight piece\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

The marquess refused Waller\u2019s summons to surrender and presented stiff resistance the following day. A sortie led by the apothecary Thomas Johnson resulted in the farm outhouses being set alight and Waller\u2019s men either burned to death or in flight.<\/p>\n\n

The following week, Waller decided to have \u201canother fling at Basing\u201d. Again, his ratio was good, but almost half his force was made up of Londoners who were not keen on service beyond the capital. Everything that could go wrong for Waller went wrong on 12 November 1643. The Londoners\u2019 lack of morale and discipline was exposed when they were blasted with case shot (canisters filled with musket balls) and refused to drive on. Another unit forgot their musket drills, so that the second ranks fired before the first had time to turn away and the \u201cthird ranks fired upon them, and so, consequently, the rear fired upon their own front and slew and wounded many of their own men\u201d.<\/p>\n\n

Waller fared better on the house\u2019s east front, but his scaling ladders were too short, his petard (a bell-shaped bomb) was clamped to the wrong place and, again, the resistance was epic. A sniper inside the house picked off charging assailants, while women threw down bricks and stones from the roof. \u201cCome up Roundheads if ye dare!\u201d they screamed. At four in the afternoon, darkness and driving rain forced Waller to withdraw. One soldier, left behind with a shattered leg, cried out for help. What, shouted the defenders of the house, had the king ever done to him to make him rebel? At which question, one royalist newsbook reported, \u201cthis desperate wretch pulled out his knife and cut his own throat\u201d.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Defending home ground<\/span><\/strong> This 1662 stained-glass window memorialises the royalist garrison that defended Chester from a parliamentarian siege. It shows officers and ordinary soldiers, such as pikemen and musketeers, as well as a military flautist and drummer on the bottom panel. At Basing House the defenders\u2019 ranks also included women, who threw bricks and stones from the roof onto the heads of attackers below <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

The following morning Waller wanted to resume the assault. But, having slept out in the cold and sodden fields, and hearing that a royalist relief force was on its way, the Londoners chanted \u201cHome! Home!\u201d and Waller was forced to relent. His report made clear that, although God had chastised them with this beating, parliament should have supplied better men.<\/p>\n\n

The second attempt on Basing House was a summer blockade imposed by the local Roundhead, Richard \u201cIdle Dick\u201d Norton. It lasted for 24 weeks and was hell for both sides. Smallpox, starvation, heavy shelling and internal tensions brought the royalists to the brink of collapse, but the garrison commander, a gnarly merchant called Marmaduke Rawdon, promised the marquess that his men would never surrender for as long as there was \u201ca horse in the house, dog, cat or rat, or anything that is eatable\u201d. He asked only for some wine and good tobacco from the marquess\u2019s stores.<\/p>\n\n

Smallpox, starvation and heavy shelling brought the royalists to the brink of collapse, but they refused to surrender<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

\"\"
Darkest hour<\/span><\/strong> A modern depiction by the artist Mike Codd of the storming of Basing House by Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army on 14 October 1645. The attack began at 6am on the \u201cNew House\u201d in the east. The 300 defenders fought ferociously, but were pushed back to the \u201cOld House\u201d in the west, where they made their last stand <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

By autumn, the defenders looked more like \u201cprisoners of the grave than the keepers of a castle\u201d. But marshland in front of the house ensured that it was never fully surrounded and, sometime over the summer, the Marchioness of Winchester slipped out to Oxford where she implored her fellow Catholic, Henry Gage, to save them.<\/p>\n\n

Anyone who thinks that 17th-century soldiering was primitive work should study this exceptional operation. At 10pm on 9 September 1644, Gage led a royalist relief force on two night-marches through enemy-held territory. Each man was disguised with an orange-tawny scarf \u2013 parliament\u2019s colours \u2013 and the troopers shared their horses with the footsore infantry. Gage was the first to do this, inspiring the rest.<\/p>\n\n

A royalist relief force braved two night-marches through enemy territory, donning parliament\u2019s colours as a disguise<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

On the outskirts of Basing House, having swapped their orange scarves for white ribbons, they fought a skirmish with the besiegers \u2013 as fierce as any battle for those involved \u2013 and managed to cut through the lines and into the house. After raiding Basingstoke on market day, Gage provisioned the \u2260, stayed for the night and then, having conducted a disinformation campaign to make the parliamentarians think he would be sticking around for longer, quietly slipped away. He took a different route back to Oxford, swimming the horses over the river Kennet (the troopers took the musketeers up on their saddles) and evading every high-alert patrol. It was, thought one royalist, \u201cthe most soldier-like piece these wars have ever yet afforded\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

Chasing after Charles<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

A month later, parliament\u2019s southern armies converged around Basing House. They totalled 19,000 men and comprised Waller\u2019s force, Lord General Essex\u2019s main field army and the formidable Eastern Association commanded by the Earl of Manchester and his cavalry officer, Oliver Cromwell. Their scouts told them to expect the king on 21 October, and they drew up in battle array. <\/span>The following day, though, upon hearing that Charles had wheeled about towards Newbury, they took the road after him. There was no trust between the parliamentarian generals at this point and the resulting second battle of Newbury on 27 October failed to deliver a killer blow to the royalist cause.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

\"\"
New rules<\/span><\/strong> Sir Thomas Fairfax in a c1649\u201350 painting. He took charge of the New Model Army, instilling stricter discipline among the troops<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n

After a hard reckoning and the introduction of a Self-Denying Ordinance (passed later, in April 1645) that required all peers and MPs to resign their military offices, parliament formed the New Model Army. It had a new commander-in-chief, Sir Thomas \u201cBlack Tom\u201d Fairfax, and stricter discipline. Fairfax ensured that the men were paid centrally and regularly. Fornicators were whipped, and plunderers were shot. In its first year of campaigning, the New Model Army fought two major battles and a dozen sieges and storms.<\/p>\n\n

The final showdown <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Cromwell, now lieutenant general of the cavalry, took a detachment to Basing House on 8 October 1645. Heavy bombardment produced two effective breaches in the house\u2019s walls. On the 14th they stormed the house and took it in the better part of an hour. Whereas the garrison had been divided by religion and had lost its Protestant regiments, the New Model Army was united by an intense religious fervour. Cromwell prayed the night before the storm to the drumbeat of Psalm 115, reflecting on the lines decrying idols: \u201cThey that make them are like unto them, so is every one that trusteth them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Confidence stemmed, too, from numerical advantage (about 6,000 besiegers to 300 defenders), heavy artillery and the knowledge that no outside force could now save Basing House. The local royalist garrisons had fallen, and New Model discipline won local support.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

The fighting was savage and about half the defenders were slain. Some Jesuit priests were executed in cold blood and one woman, the daughter of a clergyman, was killed trying to save her father. However, the attackers showed restraint in some quarters. More than 100 prisoners were taken, including 15 \u201cIrish rebels\u201d. The New Model Army\u2019s combination of numbers, guns, motivation, morale and controlled ruthlessness proved a winning formula. \u201cGod exceedingly abounds in His goodness to us,\u201d wrote Cromwell that night as a fire took hold of the house. He recommended that it be demolished, \u201cutterly slighted\u201d \u2013a policy that helped ensure strongholds could not be retaken.<\/p>\n\n

The New Model Army\u2019s combination of numbers, guns, motivation and ruthlessness proved a winning formula<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n

\"\"
Riding to victory<\/span><\/strong> Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army storm Basing House in this 19th-century painting. They finally took the royalist stronghold on 14 October 1645 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

The news of the fall of Basing House was received in Oxford with a cry of anguish \u201cas if they had lost their gods\u201d. In London, the bells rang out in celebration. Babylon had fallen. It was not the end of the war, but it helps explain how it was won.<\/span><\/p>\n\n

There is another reason why we should set more store upon walls than weapons. The length and intensity of a siege brings the face of war into sharp relief. Wonderful things happened at Basing House: acts of courage, creation, love, even a wedding. But it also witnessed desertions, betrayals and atrocities including a rudimentary form of chemical warfare: the parliamentarians set fire to hay bales saturated in sulphur and arsenic, and directed the fumes towards the house.<\/p>\n\n

For the royalist clergyman Humfrey Peake, a siege was mental as well as physical torture. He was tormented by the \u201csad spectacle\u201d of death, the \u201cintolerable stench\u201d of it and the \u201chideous shapes\u201d of death\u2019s soldiers mustering against him. His nerves were shredded by the \u201cpanic terrors\u201d of others, their \u201cshrieks and cries and noise and tumult\u201d, and the \u201csad unrest\u201d that shows people \u201cwhat they are\u201d.<\/p>\n\n

Of the many ways in which men try to ruin one another, Peake concluded, \u201cthis of a siege is the sharpest and the saddest\u201d. More than a flash of courage or cowardice on the battlefield, a siege drills deep down into the human condition and draws out the best and worst of humanity.<\/p>\n\n

<\/div>
\n

TIMELINE<\/span> King and parliament at war <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

22 August 1642<\/span><\/strong>
Following years of escalating tensions between Charles I <\/strong>and his opponents \u2013 fanned by his dismissal of parliament, imposition of taxes and attempts to impose religious uniformity \u2013 the king raises his standard at Nottingham. <\/strong>This signals the official start of the Civil War between royalist and parliamentary forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham, heralding the official start of the Civil War<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

23 October 1642<\/strong>
<\/span>The war\u2019s first big battle at Edgehill <\/strong>(Warwickshire) produces no decisive winner and consigns the country to a long conflict fought locally around fortified strongholds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The king talks tactics before the battle of Edgehill, the first big clash of the conflict<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

10 August 1643<\/strong>
<\/span>King Charles besieges Gloucester <\/strong>but withdraws the following month upon the approach of the Earl of Essex, chief commander of the parliamentarian army. The armies clash at Newbury <\/strong>on 20 September; the result is inconclusive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Prince Rupert, Charles I\u2019s nephew, in a 17th-century painting. He commanded the royalist cavalry<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1 July 1644<\/strong>
<\/span>Charles\u2019s nephew Prince Rupert relieves York <\/strong>for the royalists, but is defeated the following day by a joint Scottish and parliamentary force on Marston Moor. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

31 May 1645<\/strong>
<\/span>Rupert sacks Leicester <\/strong>in the presence of the king. The royalists march south and meet the New Model Army at <\/span>Naseby <\/strong>on 14 June, where Charles loses his artillery and many of his officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

10 September 1645<\/strong>
<\/span>Bristol, England\u2019s second city, falls to the New Model Army. <\/strong>\u201cDoubtless God is with them,\u201d one Puritan preacher declares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
A map of Bristol in the 17th century. The city was taken by the New Model Army in 1645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

5 May 1646<\/strong>
<\/span>Charles surrenders <\/strong>to the Scots at Southwell, Nottinghamshire (hoping they will be more sympathetic captors than parliament), and orders his garrisons to surrender. <\/span>Handed on to parliament in 1647, the king is eventually executed on 30 January 1649.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Oliver Cromwell, in a contemporary engraving. His troops slaughtered royalists at Drogheda<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

11 September 1649<\/strong>
<\/span>Oliver Cromwell\u2019s forces storm Drogheda <\/strong>and slaughter its royalist defenders in what was the most notorious episode in his bloody, siege-based campaign in Ireland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

3 September 1651<\/strong>
<\/span>Cromwell storms Worcester. <\/strong>Charles II goes on the run and eventually escapes to France. He will not return for nine years. On 16 December 1653, <\/span>Cromwell is appointed Lord Protector <\/strong>of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
The battle of Worcester, the final clash of the Civil War. It ended in parliamentarian victory <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n
<\/div>
\n

In the eye of the storm<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
FIVE LEADING PLAYERS IN THE BATTLE FOR BASING HOUSE<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>
\n
ROYALIST<\/span> <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

The valiant soldier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Johnson <\/strong>was an apothecary from Yorkshire, and the first person known to have sold bananas in London. A keen plant-hunter, he planned to write a catalogue of the plants of England and Wales. He was one of the most brave and popular officers at Basing House, as valued \u201cfor his valour and conduct as a soldier\u201d as \u201chis excellency as a herbalist and physician\u201d. Shot in the shoulder in September 1644, he died two weeks later.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
\n
ROYALIST<\/span> <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

The big man in London<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colonel Marmaduke <\/strong>Rawdon<\/strong> (below) was the military governor of Basing House. He was a leading London merchant and one of the first colonisers of Barbados. A staunch royalist, he wore a medallion of Charles I around his neck \u2013 but his Protestant beliefs made him clash with the Catholic Marquess of Winchester. Rawdon was expelled from the garrison before its last stand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>
\n
ROYALIST<\/span> <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

The ageing architect<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great designer and architect Inigo Jones<\/strong> (shown below) was later described as having been \u201ca very aged, infirm man\u201d at the time he came to Basing House. According to one newsbook, he was brought in to help design the house\u2019s fortifications. At the final storm, he was stripped of his clothes by a parliamentarian soldier (an accepted privilege of plunder) and carried out of the house wrapped in a blanket. He died seven years later, just before his 79th birthday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>
\n
ROYALIST<\/span> <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

The fighting matriarch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Honora, Marchioness of Winchester<\/strong> was the chatelaine of Basing House. She was the granddaughter of Elizabeth I\u2019s spymaster, Francis Walsingham, and the half-sister of Robert Devereux, the 3rd Earl of Essex and lord general of the parliamentarian army. She defended Basing House during the first attack, tearing lead off the roof to cast bullets, and held her broken family together after the Civil War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Honora, Marchioness of Winchester, helped turn lead from Basing House\u2019s roof into bullets<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>
\n
PARLIAMENTARIAN<\/span> <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

The gleeful regicide<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hugh Peter <\/strong><\/strong>(pictured here in 1660) was a Puritan preacher and a chaplain in the New Model Army. His graphic report of the fall of Basing House depicted the royalist stronghold as a nest of idolatry. The captured women were \u201centertained by the common soldiers somewhat coarsely\u201d, he said, \u201cyet not uncivilly; they left them with some clothes upon them\u201d. A vigorous promoter of the regicide (though not a signatory of Charles I\u2019s death warrant), he was executed on 16 October 1660.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n

\n\n

Jessie Childs <\/strong>is an author, broadcaster and historian. Her new book, The Siege of Loyalty House: A Civil War Story, <\/em>is published by Bodley Head in May<\/p>\n\n

LISTEN<\/span> <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n

Listen to Jessie discussing her new book on BBC Radio 4\u2019s Start the Week, <\/strong>now on BBC Sounds at: bbc.co.uk\/sounds\/brand\/b006r9xr<\/a> <\/em><\/p>\n\n

PICTURE CREDITS: ALAMY\/GETTY IMAGES\/BRIDGEMAN\/HAMPSHIRE CULTURAL TRUST\/PRIVATE COLLECTION<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CIVIL WAR SIEGES THE SIEGE When some 6,000 parliamentarians tried to prise a few hundred royalists out of Basing House in 1643, they began a brutal siege that would drag on for years \u2013 and see thousands slaughtered. Jessie Childs tells the story of a desperate struggle that became a defining episode of the Civil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":13910,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","purple_page_number":"20","purple_custom_meta_purple_page_number":"20","purple_seq_number":"1","purple_custom_meta_purple_seq_number":"1","purple_source_article":"article_20-1.xml","purple_custom_meta_purple_source_article":"article_20-1.xml","purple_source_issue":"June-2022","purple_custom_meta_purple_source_issue":"June-2022","purple_external_id":"June-2022-20-1","purple_custom_meta_purple_external_id":"June-2022-20-1","purple_issue_code":"|0000085632||","purple_custom_meta_purple_issue_code":"|0000085632||","purple_android_product":"com.im.historymag.282","purple_custom_meta_purple_android_product":"com.im.historymag.282","purple_ios_product":"com.im.historymag.282","purple_custom_meta_purple_ios_product":"com.im.historymag.282","purple_web_product":"","purple_custom_meta_purple_web_product":"","purple_publication_id":"de2d4977-6998-4200-99aa-454f8dbebdf9","purple_migrated":"","kt_blocks_editor_width":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2022-05-16T11:00:17Z","apple_news_article-theme":"","apple_news_api_id":"6d800e9e-33dd-4bbb-bed9-550906eee24c","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2022-05-16T11:00:17Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AbYAOnjPdS7u-2VUJBu7iTA","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_is_hidden":false,"apple_news_is_paid":true,"apple_news_is_preview":true,"apple_news_is_sponsored":false,"apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_article_theme":"","apple_news_sections":"[]"},"categories":[17],"tags":[46],"apple_news_notices":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/05\/HIS_282_Civil-War-opener-1-e1651751603326.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"19","apple_news_title":""},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/05\/HIS_282_Civil-War-opener-1-e1651751603326.jpg",685,515,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/05\/HIS_282_Civil-War-opener-1-e1651751603326-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/05\/HIS_282_Civil-War-opener-1-e1651751603326-300x226.jpg",300,226,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/05\/HIS_282_Civil-War-opener-1-768x349.jpg",768,349,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/05\/HIS_282_Civil-War-opener-1-1024x465.jpg",800,363,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/05\/HIS_282_Civil-War-opener-1-1536x697.jpg",1536,697,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/05\/HIS_282_Civil-War-opener-1-e1651751603326.jpg",685,515,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"CIVIL WAR SIEGES THE SIEGE When some 6,000 parliamentarians tried to prise a few hundred royalists out of Basing House in 1643, they began a brutal siege that would drag on for years \u2013 and see thousands slaughtered. Jessie Childs tells the story of a desperate struggle that became a defining episode of the Civil…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13642"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13642"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14745,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13642\/revisions\/14745"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}