{"id":20198,"date":"2022-12-02T10:41:13","date_gmt":"2022-12-02T09:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/?p=220700"},"modified":"2022-12-02T11:43:23","modified_gmt":"2022-12-02T10:43:23","slug":"welsh-christmas-traditions-through-history","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/rss_feed\/welsh-christmas-traditions-through-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Welsh Christmas traditions through history"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Lauren Good\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Friday, 02 December 2022 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body> <p>Welsh poet and writer Dylan Thomas\u2019s <em>A Child\u2019s Christmas in Wales<\/em> (a piece of prose first recorded in 1952) paints a rich picture of the country\u2019s festive traditions. In Thomas\u2019s famous work, based on his own childhood memories and presenting a largely romanticised view of Welsh festivities in the 1920s, mistletoe is \u201chung from the gas brackets in all the front parlours\u201d, below which people enjoy \u201csherry and walnuts and bottled beer and crackers by the dessertspoons\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Whilst these practices might seem rather familiar, with echoes of the Christmas traditions that endure in Welsh homes today, there are plenty more traditions in Wales\u2019s history that are not quite so predictable.<\/p>\n<p>So, what would you experience if you travelled back at various moments to a<em> real<\/em> Christmas in Wales? Perhaps a prick of the ears as carols sound at 3am from the local chapel, or widened eyes at a group hunting down a wren to parade around the village on Twelfth Night. And, when you\u2019ve retreated behind closed doors, a horse skull draped in sheets might come a-knocking\u2026<\/p>\n<h2>Christmas Eve \u2013 <em>Noswyl Nadolig<\/em><\/h2>\n<h4>Toffee Evening \u00ad\u2013 <em>Noson Gyflaith<\/em><\/h4>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--full=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C236&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C236&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C269&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C269&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C368&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C368&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C271&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C271&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-220713\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--full=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-707708427-bf6323f-e1669825547587.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> 1940s \u2013 group of young people making taffy (Photo by H. Armstrong Roberts\/ClassicStock\/Getty Images)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<p>In a tradition that\u2019s believed to date from the late 18th century, as Christmas Eve rolled into the night, many Welsh families would gather to make toffee. Ingredients were boiled in pans on the fire, and then pulled repeatedly into long strands whilst still warm.<\/p>\n<p>Once the toffee had reached a golden yellow colour, the strands were cut into small pieces and dropped into iced water to cool. Upon this, the sweet treats curled into shapes \u2013 any that resembled letters were thought to foresee the future loves of unbetrothed family members.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong>Read more | <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/general-history\/chistmas-roasts-history-festive-feasts\/&quot;\">The roasts of Christmas past: 5 festive dinners from British history\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Along with making toffee, Christmas Eve was also celebrated with storytelling, playing games, and decorating the house with holly and <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/viking\/why-kiss-under-mistletoe-history-romans-christmas\/&quot;\">mistletoe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Though this custom was mainly found in North Wales, toffee-making was also practised in the south of the country, particularly in coal-mining communities. However, in these regions it was not associated with Christmas; housewives would sell it either from their homes or on market stalls.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, the word \u2018toffee\u2019 would not have been used until the 19th century, and the sweet treat would have instead been named \u2018cyflaith\u2019, \u2018ffanni\u2019 and, more commonly, \u2018taffy\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>You can make your own with <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/museum.wales\/collections\/welsh-foods\/?id=165&quot;\">this recipe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Christmas Day \u00ad\u2013 <em>Dydd Nadolig<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--full=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C236&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C236&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C269&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C269&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C368&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C368&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C271&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C271&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-220716\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--full=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-1382792676-73a0ed1-e1669825906695.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> A group of men inspecting turkeys, some on crates with others hanging from racks in the background, ahead of the Christmas rush at a market in Cardiff, Wales, 20th December 1937. (Photo by Fox Photos\/Hulton Archive\/Getty Images)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<h4\/>\n<h3>Daybreak \u2013 <em>Plygain<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>For many families, late-night toffee making on Christmas Eve would follow directly into another significant Welsh Christmas tradition. Plygain was a service that began early on Christmas Day in the 17th century \u2013 3 o\u2019clock in the morning, to be precise.<\/p>\n<p>Plygain \u2013 which has a translated meaning that\u2019s close to \u2018cockcrow\u2019, indicating the early hour \u2013 included a torch-led procession that made its way to the service, with cow-horns sounding loudly to announce the event. Once the party had reached the church, unaccompanied song would begin, with harmonies filling the church walls.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong>Read more | <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/victorian\/christmas-carols-history-festive-songs-origins-silent-night\/&quot;\">Christmas carols: the history behind 9 festive favourites<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Evidence of services across Wales during this period can be found in the history books, with one in Dolgellau in northwest Wales described by William Payne, an English painter born in the mid 18th century.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNow the church is in a blaze, now crammed, body, aisles, gallery,\u201d Payne wrote, describing how local people would \u201cdescend\u201d from the galleries to sing \u201cwithout artificial aid of pitch pipe, the long, long carol and old favourite describing the Worship of Kings and of the Wise Men.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Songs would often continue until 6am, when the service gave way to the merriment of Christmas Day.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPrayers over,\u201d adds Payne of the Dolgellau service, \u201cthe singers begin again more carols, new singers, old carols in solos, duets, trios, choruses, then silence in the audience, broken at appropriate pauses by the suppressed hum, of delight and approval, till between eight and nine, hunger telling on the singers, the Plygain is over and the Bells strike out a round peal.\u201d<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Canu\" plygain=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/a6Id_jRy1E4?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<h4\/>\n<h3>Holidays \u2013 <em>Y Gwyliau<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Though Christmas had previously been overshadowed in Wales by more significant new year\u2019s celebrations of Nos Galan, in the mid-18th century, many farm workers began to observe a three-week holiday. Christmas Day marked the beginning of this period \u2013\u00a0Y Gwyliau \u2013 during which farm work was suspended. To symbolise this restful period, a plough was often brought indoors and lain beneath the table on which meals were eaten.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong>Read more | <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/victorian\/charles-dickens-dickensian-christmas-carol-scrooge\/&quot;\">Did Charles Dickens invent Christmas as we know it today?<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>The initial meal for this festive period would have been made by the largest farm in each neighbourhood to which everyone else was invited. Meat would have been served, traditionally goose or beef, beer was also drunk, and those present at the feast wetted the plough at their feet, to show they had not forgotten their faithful machine.<\/p>\n<h2>Boxing Day \u2013 <em>Gwyl San Steffan<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--full=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C236&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C236&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C269&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C269&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C368&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C368&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C271&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C271&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-220709\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--full=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-639295952-529e5e5-e1669826102129.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> Workmen put the finishing touches to Christmas decorations, Swansea, Wales, 20th November 1985. (Photo by Western Mail Archive\/Mirrorpix\/Getty Images)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<h4\/>\n<h3>Holming \u2013 <em>Curo celyn<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Perhaps the most violent custom of all the Welsh Christmas traditions is \u2018holming\u2019 or \u2018holly-beating\u2019. Though its origins are unknown, it was a brutal tradition that lasted in some parts of Wales into the 19th century.<\/p>\n<p>Taking place on the morning of Boxing Day (G\u0175yl San Steffan) throughout Wales, girls were beaten with holly branches on their arms or legs until they drew blood. In other locations, it was the last person to rise from bed who was beaten with these holly sprigs. Domestic animals would also be bled, and these practices were thought to bring good luck for the coming year.<\/p>\n<h2>New Year\u2019s Eve \u2013 <em>Nos Galan<\/em><\/h2>\n<h4>Letting in the New Year \u2013 <em>Gosod yn y Flwyddyn Newydd<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>It was widely believed (and still is in some Welsh households!), that if the first visitor of the new year is a woman and a male resident opens the door to her, bad luck will follow.<\/p>\n<p>This differs from other parts of Britain. In Scotland, it is good luck for the first visitor to bring gifts to the household. Whilst, in England, many people still believe that a dark-haired man should let in the new year for good luck.<\/p>\n<h2>New Year\u2019s Day \u2013 <em>Dydd Blwyddyn Newydd<\/em><\/h2>\n<h4>Grey Mare \u2013 <em>Mari Lwyd<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>This pre-Christian tradition is possibly one of the most famous traditions associated with the Welsh festive period. The Mari Lwyd is a horse\u2019s skull draped in a white sheet and decorated with colourful ribbons and bells. A group of people would lead the horse from house to house, adorned in elaborate costume, and plead admittance inside using a rhyming ritual called <em>pwnco<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>This custom was first recorded in writer and schoolmaster J Evans\u2019s <em>A Tour through Part of North Wales<\/em> in 1800, though is most associated with areas of South Wales \u2013 particularly Glamorgan and Gwent.<\/p>\n<p>The verses of <em>pwnco<\/em> were sung in an alternate fashion between the procession and the inhabitants of the house. This exchange \u2013 begging from the procession and the making of excuses from inhabitants \u2013 continued until one party could not think of anything else to sing. One record of this song, which could be in Welsh or English, is:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u2018Open your doors,<\/em><br\/><em>Let us come and play,<\/em><br\/><em>It\u2019s cold here in the snow,<\/em><br\/><em>At Christmastide\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u2018Go away you old monkeys,<\/em><br\/><em>Your breath stinks,<\/em><br\/><em>And stop blathering.<\/em><br\/><em>It\u2019s Christmastide.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u2018Our mare is very pretty,<\/em><br\/><em>Let her come and play,<\/em><br\/><em>Her hair is full of ribbons<\/em><br\/><em>At Christmastide.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u2018Instead of freezing,<\/em><br\/><em>We\u2019ll lead the Mari,<\/em><br\/><em>Inside to amuse us.<\/em><br\/><em>Tonight is Christmastide.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Tradition\" of=\"\" the=\"\" mari=\"\" lwyd=\"\" bbc=\"\" cymru=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/G_xFo6Hifzk?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<p>If the inhabitants ran out of excuses, they had to allow the procession entry into their home. Inside, merriment would begin, sustained by food and ale. After causing mayhem in one house, the party would continue to another.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, there was something to gain for the homeowner \u00ad\u2013 the Mari Lwyd was thought to bring good luck to the houses it entered. The <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/ancient-history\/who-celts-podcast-simon-jenkins\/&quot;\">celts<\/a> believed horses were a symbol of fertility, and the Mari is thought to have represented the death of the previous year, and the renewal of the new one to come.<\/p>\n<p>Though this ancient custom has largely died out, it can still be observed in some communities in the 21st century, such as Llangynwyd near Maesteg.<\/p>\n<h4>Wassail bowl \u2013 <em>Powlen wassail<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>Before mulled wine and cider, there was the wassail bowl.<\/p>\n<p>The ritual of drinking from this is thought to be a combination of Anglo-Saxon and Tudor customs. An ornate bowl would be filled with warm beer, fruit, sugar, and spices. It would then be passed around and people would drink from it in turn.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong>Read more | <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/tudor\/how-did-tudors-celebrate-christmas-yuletide-mice-pies-henry-viii\/&quot;\">Tales from a Tudor Christmas<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>By the 17th century, the wassail bowl was instead taken from door to door, and inhabitants would drink over wishes of health and prosperity.<\/p>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-220706\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/11\/GettyImages-173371324-538033b-e1669825786473.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> \u2018Carol for a wassail bowl\u2019 \u2013 illustration by Birket Foster, 1872. (Photo by Culture Club\/Getty Images)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<h4\/>\n<h4>Small gift \u2013 <em>Calennig<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>Calennig was a New Year\u2019s custom enjoyed by children across Wales. They would sing or recite rhymes door to door in exchange for treats such as bread and cheese, sweets, and money.<\/p>\n<p>In their hands, they would carry an apple or orange on three sticks, decorated with nuts, herbs, and evergreen sprigs. As these were seen as a symbol of good luck, or as a token of good crops in the next year, they were also displayed in windows or given as gifts throughout this period.<\/p>\n<p>Some would also take a cup of water from the local well, and splash people with water.<\/p>\n<p>This custom survived in some parts of Wales until well after the <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/second-world-war\/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-the-second-world-war\/&quot;\">Second World War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong>Read more | <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/second-world-war\/christmas-day-ww2-what-eat-how-celebrate\/&quot;\">What was Christmas like in Britain during WW2?<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><h2>Twelfth Night \u2013 <em>Deuddegfed Nos<\/em><\/h2>\n<h4>Hunting the wren \u2013 <em>Hela\u2019r dryw<\/em><\/h4>\n<p>This tradition not only has roots in Wales, but across Europe.<\/p>\n<p>In a tradition found during the 19th century, groups of men from a Welsh villages would hunt down a wren, and then entrap it in a wooden box. Later, they would sing whilst processing around the village. The bird would be carried from door to door, where households would pay to see the encaged creature. In some villages, the party would make only one stop at the biggest house, asking for food and money.<\/p>\n<p>This custom might seem cruel and strange to us in the modern day, but the use of a bird as a symbol of luck has long since held a place in Welsh history. In the <em>Mabinogion<\/em> (the earliest Welsh prose stories, widely considered to have been compiled in Middle Welsh in the 11th\u201314th\u00a0centuries), the figure Lleu Llaw Gyffes is named after having killed a wren.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong>Read more | <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/modern\/wales-welsh-history-language-culture-differences-england-industry-coal-independence\/&quot;\">A brief history of Wales: the resilient nation<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Sometimes a substitution was acceptable, as described by 19th-century Welsh clergyman and scholar Rev. Silvan Evans. \u201cIf they could not catch a wren for the occasion, it was lawful to substitute a sparrow (ad eryn t\u00f4). \u00a0The husband, if agreeable, would then open the door, admit the party, and regale them with plenty of Christmas ale, the obtaining of which being the principal object of the whole performance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Hunting the wren\u2019 also allowed for some redistribution of wealth around communities during Christmastime.<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Lauren Good Published: Friday, 02 December 2022 at 12:00 am Welsh poet and writer Dylan Thomas\u2019s A Child\u2019s Christmas in Wales (a piece of prose first recorded in 1952) paints a rich picture of the country\u2019s festive traditions. In Thomas\u2019s famous work, based on his own childhood memories and presenting a largely romanticised view [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":20199,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"10"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/12\/welsh-christmas-traditions-through-history.jpg",620,412,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/12\/welsh-christmas-traditions-through-history-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/12\/welsh-christmas-traditions-through-history-300x199.jpg",300,199,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/12\/welsh-christmas-traditions-through-history.jpg",620,412,false],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/12\/welsh-christmas-traditions-through-history.jpg",620,412,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/12\/welsh-christmas-traditions-through-history.jpg",620,412,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2022\/12\/welsh-christmas-traditions-through-history.jpg",620,412,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Lauren Good Published: Friday, 02 December 2022 at 12:00 am Welsh poet and writer Dylan Thomas\u2019s A Child\u2019s Christmas in Wales (a piece of prose first recorded in 1952) paints a rich picture of the country\u2019s festive traditions. In Thomas\u2019s famous work, based on his own childhood memories and presenting a largely romanticised view&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/20198"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}