{"id":29990,"date":"2023-11-03T17:25:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-03T16:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/?p=248785"},"modified":"2023-11-03T19:11:43","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T18:11:43","slug":"bayard-rustin-the-quiet-force-behind-the-march-on-washington","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/rss_feed\/bayard-rustin-the-quiet-force-behind-the-march-on-washington\/","title":{"rendered":"Bayard Rustin: the quiet force behind the March on Washington"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"> A lifelong advocate of peaceful protest, Bayard Rustin would become one of the driving forces behind the US civil rights movement \u2013 though his sexuality forced him into the shadows. With the arrival of the Netflix film about his life, Nige Tassell explores the real Rustin <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Nige Tassell\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Friday, 03 November 2023 at 16:25 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body> <h2>Who was Bayard Rustin?<\/h2>\n<p>An advocate of pacifist agitation, Bayard Rustin was a pivotal figure within the <a href=\"\/period\/20th-century\/timeline-the-american-civil-rights-movement-of-the-1950s-and-1960s\/\">civil rights movement<\/a> in the United States during the 1960s.<\/p>\n<p>He was not only the leading force behind the highly significant <a href=\"\/period\/20th-century\/march-washington-what\/\">March on Washington<\/a> in 1963, but he was also a close adviser and confidante of Dr <a href=\"\/period\/20th-century\/martin-luther-king-struggle-for-civil-rights\/\">Martin Luther King<\/a> until the latter\u2019s assassination in Memphis in 1968.<\/p>\n<p>But Rustin remains a less-heralded figure of the civil rights movement, who faced both discrimination and opposition due to his status as an openly gay man.<\/p>\n<p>Despite working behind-the-scenes rather than in the limelight, his legacy is that of a lifelong commitment to pacifism and social justice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"row\"> <div class=\"col-10 offset-1\"> <div class=\"embed\"> <div class=\"template-article__pullquote mt-md mb-md\"> <blockquote class=\"pullquote heading-4\"> <span class=\"pullquote__icon pullquote__icon--left icon-pullquote\" data-grunticon-embed=\"\"\/>As an openly gay African-American, Mr Rustin stood at the intersection of several of the fights for equal rights<span class=\"pullquote__icon pullquote__icon--right icon-pullquote\" data-grunticon-embed=\"\"\/> <footer class=\"pullquote__author body-copy-small\">US President Barack Obama in 2013<\/footer> <\/blockquote> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div> <h2>How did Bayard Rustin become involved in the civil rights movement?<\/h2>\n<p>Born in 1912, the young Bayard Rustin was raised by his maternal grandparents in West Chester near Philadelphia. He had first-hand contact with some of the leading African-American activists of the day through his grandmother, Julia.<\/p>\n<p>Julia Rustin was an active member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the organisation\u2019s leaders, including such luminaries as WEB Du Bois, were frequent visitors to the family home.<\/p>\n<p>The influence of his grandmother and these senior NAACP figures on Rustin was instant and direct. During his teenage years, he campaigned against the injustice of local Jim Crow laws that stymied the rights and freedoms of West Chester\u2019s African-American population.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHe had a strong inner spirit,\u201d one of his school friends once observed. \u201cSome of us were ready to give up the fight and accept the status quo. But he never would.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>His years of study at Wilberforce University, an African-American college in Ohio, ended before Rustin took his final exams \u2013 he was expelled for organising a strike. In 1936, he moved to Harlem to enroll at City College of New York.<\/p>\n<p>Again, though, activism usurped academia and Rustin became deeply involved in the Scottsboro Case \u2013 a campaign for the release of nine African-American men falsely jailed (and facing the death penalty) for the alleged rape of two white women on a train.<\/p>\n<p>The men faced multiple trials and retrials \u2013 even after one of the women confessed the crime to be a fabrication \u2013 and were eventually convicted and imprisoned for life. The case revealed to Rustin the true depth of white racism in 20th-century United States.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>Where to watch the <em>Rustin <\/em>movie<\/h2>\n<p>Executive produced by Barack and Michelle Obama, <em>Rustin\u00a0<\/em>is a biopic charting the most momentous years of Bayard\u2019s Rustin\u2019s life \u2013 his time as a close confident of Martin Luther King and architect of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. But as the trailer reveals, civils rights was not the only battle that Rustin was fighting. As an openly gay man, he faced opposition from all quarters.<\/p>\n<p><em>Rustin<\/em> is in cinemas now and will be available to stream on Netflix from 17 November<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"RUSTIN | Official Trailer | Netflix\" width=\"200\" height=\"113\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EuZ-UONInl4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>What was Bayard Rustin\u2019s involvement in the March on Washington?<\/h2>\n<p>During the 1940s and 1950s, Rustin continued to organise a significant number of campaigns and protests.<\/p>\n<p>In 1956, he became a key member of Martin Luther King\u2019s inner circle. This was thanks to the advice and guidance offered during the <a href=\"\/period\/20th-century\/rosa-parks-what-happened-why-arrested-montgomery-bus-boycott-civil-rights\/\">Montgomery Bus Boycott<\/a> in Alabama, the year-long, city-wide protest about segregation on public transport.<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-handler__container image-handler__container--full\" style=\"padding-bottom: calc(100% * (1488 \/ 2238));\"> <picture> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=600%2C399 2x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=900%2C598 3x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=1200%2C798 4x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=600%2C399 2x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=900%2C598 3x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=1200%2C798 4x\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" 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data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C271, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=816%2C543 2x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=1224%2C814 3x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=1632%2C1085 4x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C271, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=816%2C543 2x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=1224%2C814 3x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=1632%2C1085 4x\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C370, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=1112%2C739 2x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=1668%2C1109 3x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=2224%2C1479 4x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C370, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=1112%2C739 2x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=1668%2C1109 3x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=2224%2C1479 4x\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <img class=\"wp-image-248808 align size-landscape_thumbnail image-handler__image image-handler__image--full no-wrap js-lazyload\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-94988758-173db3c-e1699026821750.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C412\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" alt=\"Bayard Rustin with Martin Luther King and other US civil rights leaders at teh\" title=\"Bayard Rustin (right) became a confident of Martin Luther King. They's pictured here at the 1964 Democratic National Convention, alongside the Rev. Ralph David Abernathy (left) and Aaron E. Henry (second from right). (Photo by Getty)\"\/>\n<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture>\n<\/div><div class=\"caption-hold\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"caption-copy\"><i class=\"icon-arrow icon-camera-circle\"\/> Bayard Rustin (right) became a confident of Martin Luther King. They\u2019s pictured here at the 1964 Democratic National Convention, alongside the Rev. Ralph David Abernathy (left) and Aaron E. Henry (second from right). (Photo by Getty)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"im-image-caption\"\/><\/div>\n<p>Almost seven years later came the achievement for which Rustin is probably most remembered.<\/p>\n<p>Together with A. Philip Randolph, president of both the Negro American Labor Council and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, Rustin organised one of the largest public protests in US history \u2013 the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.<\/p>\n<p>On 28 August 1963, more than 200,000 demonstrators took part in the march in the nation\u2019s capital, to demand greater civil rights and social justice.<\/p>\n<p>Rustin and Randolph had been planning the event for more than 18 months, but recent events \u2013 including, that June, the murder of NAACP executive Medgar Evans on his driveway in Mississippi \u2013 ensured it took on further historical significance.<\/p>\n<p>President John F Kennedy\u2019s civil rights legislation was slowly working its passage through Congress, but the march added extra ballast to the cause.<\/p>\n<p>Although derided by the more militant leader Malcolm X as \u201ca picnic\u201d and \u201ca circus\u201d, the march provided conspicuous evidence to white America of the effectiveness of peaceful protest.<\/p>\n<p>While the day is most remembered for Martin Luther King\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/20th-century\/i-have-a-dream-the-speech-that-america-couldnt-ignore\/\">\u2018I Have a Dream\u2019 speech<\/a>, Randolph was also one of the event\u2019s key speakers. Even Rustin took to the podium, reading aloud the marchers\u2019 demands.<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-handler__container image-handler__container--aspect\" style=\"padding-bottom: calc(100% \/ 1.501210653753);\"> <picture> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=297%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=595%2C399 2x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=893%2C599 3x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=1192%2C799 4x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" 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data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=552%2C370, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=1104%2C740 2x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=1657%2C1111 3x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=2209%2C1481 4x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=552%2C370, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=1104%2C740 2x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=1657%2C1111 3x, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=2209%2C1481 4x\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <img class=\"wp-image-248824 align size-landscape_thumbnail image-handler__image image-handler__image--aspect no-wrap js-lazyload\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/11\/GettyImages-514682534-562be64.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=616%2C413\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" alt=\"Bayard Rustin, deputy director of the March on Washington, speaks to the crowd of marchers from the Lincoln Memorial\" title=\"Bayard Rustin, deputy director of the March on Washington, speaks to the crowd of marchers from the Lincoln Memorial (Photo by Getty)\"\/>\n<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture>\n<\/div><div class=\"caption-hold\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"caption-copy\"><i class=\"icon-arrow icon-camera-circle\"\/> Bayard Rustin, deputy director of the March on Washington, speaks to the crowd of marchers from the Lincoln Memorial (Photo by Getty)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"im-image-caption\"\/><\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h3>US Civil Rights: Fighting for Freedom \u2013 A <em>HistoryExtra<\/em> podcast series<\/h3>\n<div class=\"image-handler__container image-handler__container--aspect\" style=\"padding-bottom: calc(100% \/ 1.501210653753);\"> <picture> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=599%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=599%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <img class=\"wp-image-238501 align size-landscape_thumbnail image-handler__image image-handler__image--aspect no-wrap js-lazyload\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2023\/08\/Pod-Civil-Rights-WL-e3f93f4.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" alt=\"Pod Civil Rights WL\" title=\"Pod Civil Rights WL\"\/>\n<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Member exclusive |<\/strong> In mid-20th century America, hundreds of thousands of cvil rights activists squared up against racism \u2013 marching, campaigning, and even putting their lives at risk in the fight for racial equality.<\/p>\n<p>In this <em>HistoryExtra<\/em> podcast series, expert historians share some of the movement\u2019s most recognisable stories, as well as shining a light on some of its forgotten figures and exploring how its legacy continues to shape the world.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"\/membership\/us-civil-rights-fighting-for-freedom-a-historyextra-podcast-series\/\">Listen to all five episodes now<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>How well did Bayard Rustin know Martin Luther King?<\/h2>\n<p>While certain vociferous quarters of the civil rights movement called for violent tactics to advance the African-American cause \u2013 \u201cby any means necessary\u201d became a buzz phrase \u2013 Rustin\u2019s Quaker heritage meant the adoption of a pacifist, non-violent approach was unstintingly his worldview.<\/p>\n<p>Take his organisation of the Journey of Reconciliation in 1947, when eight white and eight African-American men embarked on a two-week journey across the southern states to challenge segregation laws in what was a precursor of the Freedom Rides of the early 1960s. For Rustin, reconciliation outscored revenge.<\/p>\n<p>Before meeting Rustin in the mid-1950s, Martin Luther King hadn\u2019t used the word \u2018non-violent\u2019 in his public pronouncements, but after the Montgomery Bus Boycott, his book <em>Stride Towards Freedom<\/em> included a chapter entitled \u2018Pilgrimage to Nonviolence\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Others in the movement were a little distrusting of Rustin, citing both his homosexuality and his prior membership of the American Communist Party (he had left in 1941). Martin Luther King held no such concerns.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are thoroughly committed to the method of nonviolence in our struggle,\u201d he once wrote to a colleague in the movement, \u201cand we are convinced that Bayard\u2019s expertness and commitment in this area will be of inestimable value.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>What was Bayard Rustin\u2019s life as a gay man like?<\/h2>\n<p>During the 1940s, Rustin\u2019s partner was Davis Platt, who later noted that he \u201cnever had any sense at all that Bayard felt any shame or guilt about his homosexuality\u201d, an outlook that was \u201crare in those days\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Although honest and candid privately, Rustin didn\u2019t go public about his personal life until 1953, when he was arrested for \u201csex perversion\u201d with two men in a parked car in Pasadena, California, for which he served 60 days in jail.<\/p>\n<p>For the last ten years of his life, Rustin\u2019s partner was the artist and photographer Walter Naegle.<\/p>\n<p>At that time, two men weren\u2019t permitted to enter into any kind of official civil partnership and so, in 1982, Rustin legally adopted Naegle, then aged 32, as a way of protecting the younger man\u2019s rights. \u201cThat was the only thing we could do to kind of legalise our relationship.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>What happened to Bayard Rustin?<\/h2>\n<p>As a gay man, Rustin was never going to be the poster boy for civil rights in the 1950s and 1960s. Instead, rather than at the lectern or the ballot box, he made his influence felt behind the scenes, both as a highly persuasive advisor and tireless organiser.<\/p>\n<p>During the 1970s, Rustin shifted politically towards neoconservatism, and throughout the 1980s, until his death in 1987, put gay rights at the centre of his activism.<\/p>\n<p>For him, African-Americans were no longer \u201cthe litmus paper\u201d of social change: \u201cgay people are the new barometer\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>In 2013, Rustin was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama. The citation declared that \u201cas an openly gay African-American, Mr Rustin stood at the intersection of several of the fights for equal rights\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Sixteen years after his death, the man in the shadows finally took centre stage.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> A lifelong advocate of peaceful protest, Bayard Rustin would become one of the driving forces behind the US civil rights movement \u2013 though his sexuality forced him into the shadows. With the arrival of the Netflix film about his life, Nige Tassell explores the real Rustin <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":29991,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"8"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2023\/11\/bayard-rustin-the-quiet-force-behind-the-march-on-washington-scaled.jpg",2560,1706,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2023\/11\/bayard-rustin-the-quiet-force-behind-the-march-on-washington-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2023\/11\/bayard-rustin-the-quiet-force-behind-the-march-on-washington-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2023\/11\/bayard-rustin-the-quiet-force-behind-the-march-on-washington-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2023\/11\/bayard-rustin-the-quiet-force-behind-the-march-on-washington-1024x682.jpg",800,533,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2023\/11\/bayard-rustin-the-quiet-force-behind-the-march-on-washington-1536x1024.jpg",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2023\/11\/bayard-rustin-the-quiet-force-behind-the-march-on-washington-2048x1365.jpg",2048,1365,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"A lifelong advocate of peaceful protest, Bayard Rustin would become one of the driving forces behind the US civil rights movement \u2013 though his sexuality forced him into the shadows. With the arrival of the Netflix film about his life, Nige Tassell explores the real Rustin","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/29990"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}