{"id":34323,"date":"2024-03-05T11:24:03","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T10:24:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/?p=262658"},"modified":"2024-03-05T13:11:38","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T12:11:38","slug":"who-was-george-villiers-favourite-of-king-james-vi-and-i","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/rss_feed\/who-was-george-villiers-favourite-of-king-james-vi-and-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Who was George Villiers, favourite of King James VI and I?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"> Drama Mary &#038; George introduces us to George Villiers, who rose up to become a favoured courtier of James VI and I, and hold considerable power in early Stuart England. Who was George? And how much is known about his royal relationship? We spoke to author and biographer Benjamin Woolley about Villiers\u2019 fascinating life\u2026 <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Elinor Evans\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Tuesday, 05 March 2024 at 10:24 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body> <h2>Who was the real George Villiers?<\/h2>\n<p>George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, was a prominent figure in the court of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/stuart\/king-james-vi-i-scotland-england-who-when-rule-witches-favourites-religion\/\">King James VI and I<\/a>, who wielded considerable influence due to his long-standing position as the king\u2019s favourite.<\/p>\n<p>The second son born to a family of middling nobility in Leicestershire in c1592, Villiers grew up knowing a tumultuous family life and financial struggle. His mother, Mary Villiers, remarried twice after the death of his father (also named George), making strategic matches that allowed her to recoup her deceased husband\u2019s debts and climb the social hierarchy. Of her four children, Mary singled out George as having the charisma and appeal that could aid his family\u2019s ascent, and sent him to France as a teenager to learn courtly manners.<\/p>\n<p>In 1603, James VI of Scotland succeeded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/elizabethan\/7-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-elizabeth-i\/\">Elizabeth I<\/a> to also hold the throne of England, as James I. When he began his English rule, the king\u2019s inner circle was packed with Scottish courtiers. Knowing the king\u2019s preference for the company of young, attractive men, a group of English nobles conspired to place the 21-year-old George in front of the king, hoping that he would catch the king\u2019s eye.<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-handler__container image-handler__container--aspect\" style=\"padding-bottom: calc(100% \/ 1.501210653753);\"> <picture> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=599%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=599%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <img class=\"wp-image-262679 align size-landscape_thumbnail image-handler__image image-handler__image--aspect no-wrap js-lazyload\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-164084400-4bbdb02-e1709633209287.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" alt=\"Portrait of George Villiers\" title=\"Portrait of George Villiers\"\/>\n<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture>\n<\/div><div class=\"caption-hold\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"caption-copy\"><i class=\"icon-arrow icon-camera-circle\"\/> George was placed in front of the king by a group of English courtiers, who hoped that he would catch the king\u2019s eye. (Photo by DeAgostini\/Getty Images)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"im-image-caption\"\/><\/div>\n<p>What followed was a rise to prominence for George Villiers. He harnessed his charm to become a central figure in the king\u2019s entourage for more than a decade, and used courtly alliances to gain positions of power for himself and his family \u2013 including his mother, Mary.<\/p>\n<p>The story of the Villiers\u2019 ascent is told in the 2024 drama <em>Mary &amp; George<\/em>, starring Julianne Moore and Nicholas Galitzine in the title roles. Benjamin Woolley, biographer and author of <em>The King\u2019s Assassin: The Fatal Affair of George Villiers and James I<\/em> (Pan Macmillan, 2017), joined the <a href=\"\/podcast\"><em>HistoryExtra<\/em> podcast<\/a> to share more about the extraordinary life of George Villiers.<\/p>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.greenvideo.io\/players\/gv.js\" data-license-key=\"109d53fbc575f6c20b69603a6584f531c18babec\"\/> <div style=\"width:50%;min-height:100vh;overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:16\/9;position:relative;\"> <style><![CDATA[ .gvtext1, .gvtext2 { animation-duration: 5s; animation-iteration-count: infinite; animation-direction: alternate; width:100%; } .gvtext1 { animation-name: gvtext1; } .gvtext2 { animation-name: gvtext2; } @keyframes gvtext1 { 0% { opacity: 1 } 47% { opacity: 1 } 50% { opacity: 0 } 100% { opacity: 0 } } @keyframes gvtext2 { 0% { opacity: 0 } 50% { opacity: 0 } 53% { opacity: 1 } 100% { opacity: 1 } } ]]><\/style> <div style=\"font-family:arial;font-size:smaller;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;background:rgb(208, 208, 208);border-radius:30px;display:flex;text-align:center;align-items:center;\"> <div class=\"gvtext2\" style=\"position:absolute;\"> Green Video Post Element <br\/>Video ID: \"1d28e434c578ad1705c93b7e4bc446a041687f05\" <br\/>Mix ID: \"\" <br\/>Player ID: \"67n8mz30\" <\/div> <div class=\"gvtext1\" style=\"padding: 10px;\"> If the player doesn't appear here within a few seconds, the Player ID or Licence Key (set via IM Green Video settings) might be invalid. <\/div> <\/div> <green-video embed-id=\"67n8mz30\" content-id=\"1d28e434c578ad1705c93b7e4bc446a041687f05\" mix-id=\"\"\/>\n<\/div> <h2>What was George Villiers like?<\/h2>\n<p>Villiers possessed an undeniable allure that captivated those around him, explains Woolley.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHe had this kind of charisma, over which he seemed to have limited control. He was described posthumously (but by somebody who was alive at the same time) as having, \u2018a face to paint an angel by\u2019, so he was beautiful.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He was a complex figure too. \u201cHe was rather impulsive, and he could be extremely arrogant,\u201d says Woolley. \u201cBut one of the characteristics that I found most fascinating about him is that he was also capable of incredible humility.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Villiers possessed an innate ability to lift allies to prominence, while ruthlessly handling adversaries.<\/p>\n<h2>How did George Villiers and James VI and I meet?<\/h2>\n<p>George Villiers\u2019 fateful encounter with James VI and I occurred in 1614, at the estate of Apethorpe in Northamptonshire, during a visit by the king\u2019s court.<\/p>\n<p>Villiers was presented as a cupbearer, manoeuvred into the role by a group of courtiers trying to change the balance of the king\u2019s cohort of advisors. His role wasn\u2019t simply to serve drinks, but \u201csomebody who was specifically introduced to the king to entertain him, and make the evening pass in a pleasurable fashion,\u201d explains Woolley.<\/p>\n<p>Over the course of the entertainments and dancing at Apethorpe \u2013 \u201che could dance like the devil,\u201d Woolley says \u2013 Villiers succeeded in catching the king\u2019s eye, and began to cultivate a relationship that challenged the existing favourite, a Scottish noble called Robert Carr.<\/p>\n<p>The two men engaged in a feud that resulted in Carr\u2019s fall from grace and implication in a court poisoning; he ended up imprisoned in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/victorian\/anne-boleyn-guy-fawkes-and-the-princes-a-brief-history-of-the-tower-of-london\/\">Tower of London<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>What was George Villiers\u2019 relationship with King James VI and I?<\/h2>\n<p>While historical interpretations vary, evidence suggests a profound emotional connection between Villiers and James, underscored by letters laden with affection.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the strongest evidence that the relationship between them was sexual, is a letter from Villiers to the king, as explained by historian Joe Ellis on an upcoming episode of the<em> HistoryExtra<\/em> podcast. \u201cIn this letter, Buckingham mentions that he shall never forget at Farnham when they were on progress: \u2018when the bed\u2019s head could not be found between the master and his dog\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are quite a few ways that you could take this, but I think that certainly does suggest some kind of physicality between the two,\u201d says Ellis.<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-handler__container image-handler__container--aspect\" style=\"padding-bottom: calc(100% \/ 1.501210653753);\"> <picture> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=599%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=599%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <img class=\"wp-image-221626 align size-landscape_thumbnail image-handler__image image-handler__image--aspect no-wrap js-lazyload\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2022\/12\/GettyImages463928361-c50dea9-e1671012973118.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" alt=\"James VI and I, King of Scotland and England\" title=\"James VI and I, King of Scotland and England\"\/>\n<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture>\n<\/div><div class=\"caption-hold\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"caption-copy\"><i class=\"icon-arrow icon-camera-circle\"\/> James VI and I, King of Scotland and England. (Photo by Ann Ronan Pictures\/Print Collector\/Getty Images)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"im-image-caption\"\/><\/div>\n<p>Woolley similarly highlights this collection of letters and their analysis by American academic David Moore Bergeron, who published a 1999 volume called <em>King James and the Letters of Homoerotic Desire<\/em> \u2013 \u201ca bit of a breakthrough book\u201d, according to Woolley.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf you read [Bergeron], they\u2019re a set of love letters,\u201d he says. \u201cThere\u2019s lots of ambiguous, suggestive phrasing in these letters. There are also very moving parts, such as when James sent a letter at Christmastime to George after the death of James\u2019s queen, Anne, sort of pleading with George to become his wife.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd that kind of language clearly shows a very deep, complex, probably sexual relationship between them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Villiers\u2019 influence over James would extend beyond the personal realm, intertwining with matters of state and policy, and he quickly became a powerful figure in the affairs of state.<\/p>\n<h2>What sort of power did George Villiers come to have, and why did it cause such alarm?<\/h2>\n<p>Villiers\u2019 ascent to power elicited widespread admiration and concern alike. \u201cHe had an extraordinary amount of power and status very quickly,\u201d explains Woolley. The foremost example of this was in 1623 when he was granted his dukedom, establishing Villiers as the 1st Duke of Buckingham.<\/p>\n<p>James\u2019s predecessor Elizabeth I didn\u2019t create any dukes, says Woolley. \u201cThat hadn\u2019t really been done, I think, for about a century.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere were dukes like the Howards, who went back to the time of the Normans, or there were members of the royal family. Dukedom, in other words, normally denoted some direct relationship to the royal family. And George got a dukedom. He also got his mother to be made countess, an extraordinary thing to achieve.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 1620, George Villiers married Lady Katherine Manners, the daughter of the Earl of Rutland (one of the richest families in England), and the pair went on to form an influential alliance marked by fondness, and had four children.<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-handler__container image-handler__container--aspect\" style=\"padding-bottom: calc(100% \/ 1.501210653753);\"> <picture> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=298%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=598%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=298%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=598%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=403%2C269\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=403%2C269\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=553%2C369\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=553%2C369\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=619%2C413\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=619%2C413\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=406%2C271\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=406%2C271\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <img class=\"wp-image-262680 align size-landscape_thumbnail image-handler__image image-handler__image--aspect no-wrap js-lazyload\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-802476060-bacc7be-e1709633314694.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=619%2C413\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" alt=\"George Villiers and his family\" title=\"George Villiers and his family\"\/>\n<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture>\n<\/div><div class=\"caption-hold\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"caption-copy\"><i class=\"icon-arrow icon-camera-circle\"\/> George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham and Family\u2019, 1628. (Photo by The Print Collector\/Getty Images)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"im-image-caption\"\/><\/div>\n<p>Along with his mother, Mary, Villiers also engineered the marriages of his siblings to suitably high-ranking people, and secured noble titles for his brothers. Yet his close ties to the king sparked apprehension among courtiers and parliamentarians, who feared his unchecked authority and its potential ramifications.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHis grip on policy, as well as the king personally, seemed almost total,\u201d Woolley states. \u201cHe was a polarizing figure.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere was concern, particularly in Parliament, over the way that George was beginning to shape matters of political policy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The relationship between Britain and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/medieval\/habsburgs-dynasty-family-who-europe\/\">Habsburgs<\/a> was a key battleground. \u201cJames wanted to have a peace. All that had come up in the great Elizabethan era, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/elizabethan\/spanish-armada-facts-elizabeth-i-medina-sidonia-catholic-philip-ii\/\">Armada<\/a> and so on, was changed to an attitude of cooperation and peace.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Villiers developed his own views on this sensitive policy. Ultimately, he decided \u2013 along with James\u2019s son Charles (who, since the death of his elder brother Henry in 1612, was heir to the throne) \u2013 to set up Britain as part of a league that would challenge the domination of the Habsburgs in Spain.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat, as you can imagine, caused alarm,\u201d explains Woolley, \u201cbecause he was in a position to change that policy.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"image-handler__container image-handler__container--aspect\" style=\"padding-bottom: calc(100% \/ 1.501210653753);\"> <picture> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=45&amp;resize=599%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 320px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=299%2C199, https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?quality=45&amp;resize=599%2C399 2x\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 375px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=354%2C236\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 425px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=404%2C269\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(max-width: 589px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C369\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 768px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=407%2C271\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/webp\"> <source media=\"(min-width: 590px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=555%2C370\" type=\"image\/jpeg\"> <img class=\"wp-image-262683 align size-landscape_thumbnail image-handler__image image-handler__image--aspect no-wrap js-lazyload\" srcset=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2024\/03\/Real-Mary-WL-fb45e37.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C413\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\" alt=\"Mary Villiers and Julianne Moore\" title=\"Mary Villiers and Julianne Moore\"\/>\n<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture>\n<\/div><div class=\"caption-hold\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"caption-copy\"><i class=\"icon-arrow icon-camera-circle\"\/> George arranged influential marriages for his siblings, along with his mother Mary (pictured left, and played by Julianne Moore, right, in new drama Mary &amp; George). (Images by Getty Images\/Sky Original Drama)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"im-image-caption\"\/><\/div>\n<p>Villiers\u2019 arrogance would also play a part in the breakdown of the king\u2019s marriage negotiations to set up a match between Prince Charles and the daughter of the Spanish king, and later he pressured the king to go to war with Spain.<\/p>\n<p>Woolley speculates if there was anything Villiers could have done to temper the stronger reactions to his ascent. \u201cIf George had sort of kept his nose out of politics, that would have been less of an issue, with respect to attitudes towards him at the time,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>But it wasn\u2019t possible for Villiers to be a non-political figure. Part of his role as the \u2018favourite\u2019, a semi-official role, was controlling distribution of royal patronage offices on the king\u2019s behalf \u2013 \u201cjobs for the boys, if you like,\u201d as Woolley puts it.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo you couldn\u2019t have any role as a politician in James\u2019s government without being in George\u2019s good books.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd it was James\u2019s vulnerability to his passionate engagement with his favourites \u2013 in particular, George \u2013 that shaped the way that the power was distributed in the court.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>What role did George Villiers play in King James VI and I\u2019s death?<\/h2>\n<p>James died at Theobalds Palace in Hertfordshire on 27 March 1625, with his son, Charles, and Villiers by his side. The official sources had it that the king died of a condition that resulted from malaria or typhus, which were endemic in England in the early 17th century (other sources consider dysentery as a possible illness, too).<\/p>\n<p>But the secretive nature of what happened in the \u2018Chamber of Sorrows\u2019, as the king\u2019s sickbed came to be called, left room for much speculation in the months following his death.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis secret history,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/membership\/was-james-i-murdered\/\">wrote scholars Alastair Bellany and Thomas Cogswell for<em> BBC History Magazine<\/em><\/a>, \u201cthe unauthorised version of James\u2019s death, would take another 12 months to achieve a definitive form, but the anxious whispers around court in the early spring of 1625 were disturbing enough.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSomething untoward had happened in James\u2019s sickroom. Someone had violated the strict protocols regulating who was to treat the king, and when.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In terms of Villiers\u2019 actions, \u201cthere were a set of treatments that were regularly used,\u201d to manage James\u2019s condition, says Woolley \u2013 usually repeated purging (whether through bleeding, laxatives or emetics). James reportedly \u201cscoffed at medicine\u201d and found the regime repugnant. Villiers and the king had regularly corresponded on ailments and treatments that had plagued them both, and in this final illness, Villiers had consulted an Essex doctor named John Remington and procured a plaster suggested by his mother, and, unbeknown to the other doctors, it was \u201capplied to the king\u2019s breast\u201d.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Read more | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/membership\/was-james-i-murdered\/\">Was James VI and I murdered?\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In the months following James\u2019s death, Villers was accused outright of poisoning the king. And with good reason, according to Woolley. \u201cI think it\u2019s almost certain that George had hand in \u2013 how can one put it? \u2013 helping James into the grave. But there isn\u2019t a conclusion to this issue.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>What cannot be doubted, he says, is the historical significance of the political argument that Villiers did have a role in the king\u2019s death.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe don\u2019t know what happened exactly in the king\u2019s bedchamber. What we do know is that during the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/membership\/civil-war-charles-i-oliver-cromwell-timeline\/\">Civil War<\/a>, after the arrest of Charles I, this idea that Charles (who was present at the time of his father\u2019s death) was involved in it, surfaced rapidly as one of the reasons why Charles should be held to account. So, it clearly had a contribution to the political culture of the time,\u201d explains Woolley.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCharles wasn\u2019t tried on that basis, for the murder of his father or anything like that, but it certainly fed into the antagonisms between the parliamentarians and the royalists.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The poisoning allegations, though inconclusive, underscored the contentious nature of Villiers\u2019 influence, and the turbulent political climate that characterised the early 17th century.<\/p>\n<h2>What happened to George Villiers?<\/h2>\n<p>After James\u2019s death, accusations continued to be levied towards Villiers by political opponents. In the spring of 1626, George Eglisham, a Scots Catholic poet, physician and polemicist, published <em>The Forerunner of Revenge<\/em>, a pamphlet that accused him of murdering several leading courtiers, as well as the king.<\/p>\n<p>Though under siege from pro-Spanish advocates and others who sought to curb his power, Villiers continued to hold influence in the court of James\u2019s successor, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/stuart\/king-charles-i-life-profile-rule-civil-war-death\/\">Charles I<\/a>. That lasted until 1628, when Villiers was assassinated.<\/p>\n<p>His killer was John Felton, an embittered army officer who blamed Villiers for military failures and other personal grievances. He stabbed Villiers to death in a crowded room in a Portsmouth inn (due to the crowd, Felton was able to escape unidentified, though he later confessed and was hanged for his crime at Tyburn).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome thought it a fitting \u2018execution\u2019 of a notorious murderer,\u201d write Bellany and Cogswell, \u201cwhile others reported that Felton himself had cited Eglisham\u2019s pamphlet as one of his motivations for killing the duke.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Villiers\u2019s assassination sent shockwaves across England, and left a complex legacy. Woolley believes that the story of George and his relationship with James is significant in understanding the \u201cfertile environment in which the seeds of Civil Wars [that broke out in the 1640s] could flourish\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>George was survived by his mother, Mary, who died in 1632. They are both buried in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/medieval\/brief-history-westminster-abbey-london-henry-iii-service\/\">Westminster Abbey<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>You can hear more from Benjamin Woolley on the <a href=\"\/podcast\"><em>HistoryExtra <\/em>podcast<\/a>, on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/membership\/a-deadly-royal-favourite\/\">George Villiers and his meteoric rise<\/a>, and on the real history behind <em>Mary &amp; George<\/em><\/strong><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Drama Mary &#038; George introduces us to George Villiers, who rose up to become a favoured courtier of James VI and I, and hold considerable power in early Stuart England. Who was George? And how much is known about his royal relationship? We spoke to author and biographer Benjamin Woolley about Villiers\u2019 fascinating life\u2026 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":34324,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"11"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2024\/03\/who-was-george-villiers-favourite-of-king-james-vi-and-i.jpg",620,413,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2024\/03\/who-was-george-villiers-favourite-of-king-james-vi-and-i-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2024\/03\/who-was-george-villiers-favourite-of-king-james-vi-and-i-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2024\/03\/who-was-george-villiers-favourite-of-king-james-vi-and-i.jpg",620,413,false],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2024\/03\/who-was-george-villiers-favourite-of-king-james-vi-and-i.jpg",620,413,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2024\/03\/who-was-george-villiers-favourite-of-king-james-vi-and-i.jpg",620,413,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2024\/03\/who-was-george-villiers-favourite-of-king-james-vi-and-i.jpg",620,413,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Drama Mary & George introduces us to George Villiers, who rose up to become a favoured courtier of James VI and I, and hold considerable power in early Stuart England. Who was George? And how much is known about his royal relationship? We spoke to author and biographer Benjamin Woolley about Villiers\u2019 fascinating life\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/34323"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}