{"id":6503,"date":"2021-10-30T07:06:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-30T05:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/?p=189679"},"modified":"2021-10-30T07:27:21","modified_gmt":"2021-10-30T05:27:21","slug":"30-october-on-this-day-in-history","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/rss_feed\/30-october-on-this-day-in-history\/","title":{"rendered":"30 October: On this day in history"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Dominic Sandbrook\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Saturday, 30 October 2021 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><h3>30 October 1501: Cesare Borgia hosts a night to remember<\/h3>\n<p><strong><em>Italy\u2019s most powerful family gathers at the Vatican for an evening of \u2018adult entertainment\u2019 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On Sunday 30 October 1501, Cesare Borgia had some friends around for dinner; the guests included his father \u2013 Pope Alexander VI \u2013 and sister, Lucrezia. Formerly a cardinal, now commander of the papal armies, Cesare had a reputation for high living. But, even by the Borgias\u2019 colourful standards, the bacchanal that became known as the \u2018Ballet of Chestnuts\u2019 would be a party like no other.<\/p>\n<p>According to the diary of the papal official Johann Burchard (who may, in fairness, have somewhat exaggerated events), the banquet was held in Cesare\u2019s apartments in the Vatican. On their arrival, the guests were greeted by 50 of Rome\u2019s most accomplished prostitutes who danced during dinner \u2013 initially clothed but subsequently naked.<\/p>\n<div class=\"&quot;embed&quot;\"> <div class=\"&quot;embed__intrinsic&quot;\"> <video data-video-id=\"&quot;6278713539001&quot;\" data-account=\"&quot;6209817320001&quot;\" data-player=\"&quot;92UVgBOQ6&quot;\" data-embed=\"&quot;default&quot;\" data-application-id=\"\" class=\"&quot;video-js&quot;\" controls=\"\"\/><script src=\"&quot;\/\/players.brightcove.net\/6209817320001\/92UVgBOQ6_default\/index.min.js&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<\/div> <p>Then, according to Burchard, \u201cthe candelabra\u2026 were taken from the tables and placed on the floor, and chestnuts were strewn around, which the naked courtesans picked up, creeping on hands and knees between the chandeliers, while the pope, Cesare, and his sister Lucrezia looked on.\u201d If this were not excitement enough, Cesare then announced that there would be prizes for those men who could \u201cperform the act most often with the courtesans, such as tunics of silk, shoes, barrets and other things\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Whether this story is really true, of course, will never be known for sure. Because of their Valencian origins the Borgias were often regarded as boorish, grasping upstarts, and the story may have been circulated by their enemies.<\/p>\n<p>The historian William Manchester later embellished the tale still further, suggesting that the pope, who supposedly \u201cmeasured a man\u2019s machismo by his ejaculative capacity\u201d, ordered his servants to keep a running orgasm count \u2013 but this, surely, is too good to be true.<\/p>\n<hr\/><h3>30 October 1864<\/h3>\n<p>After a series of devastating defeats, Denmark signs the Treaty of Vienna, ceding the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"><div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> <h4>Julian Humphrys rounds up smaller anniversaries\u2026<\/h4>\n<h6>30 October 1751<\/h6>\n<p>Irish playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan was born in Dublin. The author of plays including <em>The Rivals<\/em> and <em>The School for Scandal<\/em>, he also served as a Whig MP for over 30 years and was treasurer of the navy from 1806\u201307.<\/p>\n<h6>30 October 1757<\/h6>\n<p>Death of Admiral Edward \u201cGrog\u201d Vernon, the man who ordered the watering down of the Navy\u2019s rum ration.<\/p>\n<h6>30 October 1910<\/h6>\n<p>Henry Dunant died in Heiden, Switzerland, aged 82. In 1859, while visiting Lombardy on business, he witnessed the suffering of those wounded in the battle of Solferino and his book <em>A Memoir of Solferino<\/em> inspired the creation in 1863 of the International Committee of the Red Cross, which he played a leading role in organising. He was also a driving force behind the establishment of the Geneva Convention, and in 1901 became the first recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with French peace campaigner Frederic Passy.<\/p>\n<h6>30 October 1938<\/h6>\n<p>An Orson Welles radio adaptation of HG Wells\u2019s <em>War of the Worlds<\/em> causes some American listeners to believe their country is actually under Martian attack.<\/p>\n<h6>30 October 1942<\/h6>\n<p>Tony Fasson, Colin Grazier and Tommy Brown from HMS Petard retrieved an Enigma coding machine from a sinking U-boat off Port Said. Fasson and Grazier continued searching the submarine but were drowned when it suddenly sank.<\/p>\n<h6>30 October 1959<\/h6>\n<p>Ronnie Scott\u2019s jazz club first opened its doors at 39 Gerrard Street, London. It soon became the most important jazz venue in the capital and in 1965 moved to larger premises in Frith Street.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section><h3>30 October 1965: The mini dress makes waves at the races<\/h3>\n<p><em>Swinging Sixties model Jean Shrimpton causes a stir by baring her knees<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Derby Day, and Melbourne was agog. The Victoria Racing Club had started a \u2018Fashions on the Field\u2019 event to attract younger visitors, and in 1965, they had pulled off a coup. At a cost of \u00a32,000, textile firm DuPont persuaded Jean Shrimpton to fly from London to judge the fashion show.<\/p>\n<p>To many in 1965, the 22-year-old Shrimpton was not just the world\u2019s most celebrated model. She was a symbol of modernity itself, the embodiment of Swinging London. No wonder the Australian press were excited.<\/p>\n<p>Shrimpton and her dressmaker, Colin Rolfe, designed a white shift dress using DuPont\u2019s new acrylic fabric, Orlon. But they did not have enough so Rolfe had to cut it short, about four inches above the knee. Also, the day of her appearance was hot. Shrimpton chose not to wear stockings, a hat or gloves.<\/p>\n<p>She never imagined the fuss to come. When Shrimpton walked into the members\u2019 lounge, there was a long, appalled silence. \u201cThere she was, the world\u2019s highest-paid model, snubbing the iron-clad conventions at fashionable Flemington in a dress five inches above the knee, NO hat, NO gloves, and NO stockings!\u201d gasped the Melbourne\u00a0<em>Sun News-Pictorial<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Later, this was seen as the moment the mini-skirt was born, even though Shrimpton was actually wearing a dress. But to the British press, the furore merely proved that Australia was decades behind the times. \u201cSurrounded by sober draped silks and floral nylons, ghastly tulle hats and fur stoles,\u201d the\u00a0<em>Evening News<\/em>\u00a0said witheringly, Shrimpton looked \u201clike a petunia in an onion patch\u201d.<\/p>\n<hr\/><h3>30 October 1974: Ali delivers a knockout blow<\/h3>\n<p><em>One billion viewers are gripped as the boxer fells Foreman in the Rumble in the Jungle<\/em><\/p>\n<p>There will never be another event like the Rumble in the Jungle. Held in Kinshasa, Zaire \u2013 now the Democratic Republic of Congo \u2013 it saw the undefeated heavyweight boxing champion, George Foreman, challenged by the former champion, Muhammad Ali. But the sporting clash was only part of the story.<\/p>\n<p>Formerly the Belgian Congo, Zaire had only been independent since 1960. Its military strongman, General Mobutu, had seized power with strong American support, and was keen to present himself as Africa\u2019s leading actor on the world stage. This was a chance to cement his regime\u2019s image and stability, and Mobutu struck a deal with the controversial promoter Don King. The purse was set at a record-breaking $5m for each fighter.<\/p>\n<p>What followed was a circus of mind-boggling proportions. The fight was preceded by a three-day music festival starring James Brown and BB King. Both Foreman and Ali spent weeks training in Zaire, acclimatising to the intense heat. But they encountered very different reactions. The 25-year-old Foreman never seemed comfortable, even though he was a prohibitive favourite. In contrast, the 32-year old Ali, who had refused to fight for his country in <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/20th-century\/vietnam-war-facts-history-rifles-american-presidents\/&quot;\">Vietnam<\/a>, was regarded as a local champion. \u201cAli, boma ye!\u201d crowds chanted: \u201cAli, kill him!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Due to the demands of US television, the fight itself did not begin until four o\u2019clock in the morning. The fighters entered to a tumultuous reception. As they climbed into the ring, an estimated 1 billion people were watching worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>For eight rounds, Foreman hurled punch after punch at Ali, who kept to the ropes, allowing his opponent to exhaust himself. Then Ali struck, opening up with a devastating combination. After Foreman had been down for eight seconds, the referee called a halt. \u201cAli leaped in triumph,\u201d said the next day\u2019s\u00a0<em>Times<\/em>, \u201cand then fell, pushed by a mob invading the ring before he sat on his haunches while pandemonium raged above him.\u201d<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"><div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> <p><strong>Browse more\u00a0<a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/on-this-day-history\/&quot;\">On this day in history<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul><li><strong>Previous: <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/on-this-day\/29-october-on-this-day-in-history\/&quot;\">29 October<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Next: <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/on-this-day\/31-october-on-this-day-in-history\/&quot;\">31 October<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p> <\/p><\/div> <div class=\"&quot;highlight__image-container&quot;\"> <div class=\"&quot;highlight__image&quot;\"> <div class=\"&quot;img-container\" img-container--highlight-image=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2010\/09\/Screenshot-2021-09-09-at-17.22.22-8857e91.png?quality=45&amp;resize=556,556&quot;\" srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/7\/2010\/09\/Screenshot-2021-09-09-at-17.22.22-8857e91.png?quality=45&amp;resize=410,410\" https:=\"\" sizes=\"&quot;(min-width:\" calc=\"\" width=\"&quot;556&quot;\" height=\"&quot;556&quot;\" class=\"&quot;img-container__image\" img-fluid=\"\" wp-image-185988=\"\" alignnone=\"\" size-highlight_image=\"\" img-container__image=\"\" alt=\"&quot;Screenshot\" at=\"\" title=\"&quot;Screenshot\"\/><\/div><\/div> <\/div> <\/section><\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dominic Sandbrook Published: Saturday, 30 October 2021 at 12:00 am 30 October 1501: Cesare Borgia hosts a night to remember Italy\u2019s most powerful family gathers at the Vatican for an evening of \u2018adult entertainment\u2019 On Sunday 30 October 1501, Cesare Borgia had some friends around for dinner; the guests included his father \u2013 Pope [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":6504,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"6"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2021\/10\/30-october-on-this-day-in-history.jpg",620,413,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2021\/10\/30-october-on-this-day-in-history-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2021\/10\/30-october-on-this-day-in-history-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2021\/10\/30-october-on-this-day-in-history.jpg",620,413,false],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2021\/10\/30-october-on-this-day-in-history.jpg",620,413,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2021\/10\/30-october-on-this-day-in-history.jpg",620,413,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/46\/2021\/10\/30-october-on-this-day-in-history.jpg",620,413,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Dominic Sandbrook Published: Saturday, 30 October 2021 at 12:00 am 30 October 1501: Cesare Borgia hosts a night to remember Italy\u2019s most powerful family gathers at the Vatican for an evening of \u2018adult entertainment\u2019 On Sunday 30 October 1501, Cesare Borgia had some friends around for dinner; the guests included his father \u2013 Pope&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/6503"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbchistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}