{"id":15869,"date":"2022-05-31T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-31T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/?p=7603"},"modified":"2022-05-31T10:35:15","modified_gmt":"2022-05-31T08:35:15","slug":"the-50-greatest-composers-of-all-time","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/the-50-greatest-composers-of-all-time\/","title":{"rendered":"The 50 Greatest Composers of All Time"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By BBC Music Magazine\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Tuesday, 31 May 2022 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p><strong>Who do today\u2019s leading composers rate as the finest? We asked 174 of them that very question and here, in their own words, we present the fascinating results.<\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"><div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> \n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/worlds-best-orchestras\/&quot;\">The world\u2019s top ten orchestras<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/worlds-best-choirs\/&quot;\">10 best choirs in the world<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/composers-who-died-before-40\/&quot;\">Composers who died before 40<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section><p>\u2018Making decisions concerning the \u201cgreatest\u201d this or that is always problematic,\u2019 replies composer Brian Ferneyhough, when BBC Music Magazine asks him to name his greatest five composers in history. And, to be fair, he has a point. Can one really compare figures who were writing music 800 years apart? Or weigh the intricate craftmanship of a two-minute piano piece up against the grand vision that goes into a four-hour opera?<\/p>\n<p>Nonetheless, when faced with the same question, Ferneyhough gamely named his top five \u2013 as did 173 other leading composers from across the globe.<\/p>\n<p>To clarify things, we set out the criteria for greatness as follows:<\/p>\n<ol><li>originality \u2013 to what extent did your chosen composers take music in new and exciting directions?<\/li>\n<li>impact \u2013 how greatly did they influence the musical scene both in their own lifetime and in years\/centuries to come?<\/li>\n<li>craftmanship \u2013 from a technical point of view, how brilliantly constructed is their music?<\/li>\n<li>sheer enjoyability \u2013 quite simply, how much pleasure does their music give you?<\/li>\n<\/ol><p>He we present the Top 50, in descending order, with each composer personally appraised by one of those who voted for them.<\/p>\n<h2>The 50 best composers of all time<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>50<\/strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/sergey-rachmaninov&quot;\"> Sergei Rachmaninov (1873-1943)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Russian virtuoso pianist, gifted melodist and one of the greats of late-Romanticism<\/p>\n<p>John Rutter says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/sergey-rachmaninov&quot;\">Rachmaninov<\/a><\/strong> belongs to the aristocracy of composers. He never wrote a piece of music unless he had something to say and he never repeated himself; he never outstayed his welcome. No two of his piano pieces are alike, each one creates its own world. He lays his soul before us in music like the Second Symphony, yet it is noble as much as passionate.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/seven-best-works-rachmaninov\/&quot;\">Seven of the best works by Rachmaninov<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-rachmaninovs-piano-concerto-no-2\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Rachmaninov\u2019s Piano Concerto No. 2<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>His melodic invention is to die for, his harmonic flavour subtle and instantly recognisable, his orchestration rich yet never cloying. He has the gift of making his music seem as if he is speaking just to you.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rachmaninov: Piano Concerto No. 4<br\/>\nArturo Benedetti Michelangeli (piano); Philharmonia\/Ettore Gracis (1957) <em><br\/>\nEMI 567 2382<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/rachmaninov-piano-concerto-no-4-ravel-piano-concerto\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our review of this recording here<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Ravel-Rachmaninov-Concertos-Philharmonia-Orchestra\/dp\/B00003ZKRJ\/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&amp;keywords=rachmaninov+piano+concerto+michelangeli+philharmonia&amp;qid=1605197657&amp;quartzVehicle=45-595&amp;replacementKeywords=rachmaninov+piano+michelangeli+philharmonia&amp;sr=8-3&amp;tag=classicalm05c-21&amp;ascsubtag=classicalmusic-0&quot;\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\" rel=\"&quot;sponsored&quot; noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Buy from Amazon<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.prestomusic.com\/classical\/products\/8001841--haydn-rachmaninov-ravel-piano-concertos&quot;\"><strong>Buy from Presto Classical<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/music.apple.com\/gb\/album\/haydn-rachmaninov-ravel-piano-concertos\/693164292&quot;\"><strong>Buy from iTunes<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.arkivmusic.com\/classical\/album.jsp?album_id=690284&quot;\"><strong>Buy from ArkivMusic<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><iframe title=\"&quot;Rachmaninoff\" plays=\"\" piano=\"\" concerto=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pBx-tr1FDvY?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/rachmaninov-reviews\/&quot;\">Read reviews of Rachmaninov latest recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>49<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/robert-schumann&quot;\"> Robert Schumann (1810-56)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>German <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/fifteen-best-romantic-composers\/&quot;\">Romantic composer<\/a> <\/strong>whose unstable mind spawned complex masterpieces<\/p>\n<p>Bent S\u00f8rensen says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/mozart&quot;\">Mozart<\/a><\/strong> write perfect music, but there\u2019s a fragile quality to <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/robert-schumann&quot;\">Schumann<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> perfection. I grew up listening \u00a0to violin concertos, because my father played the violin. There\u2019s something about\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/robert-schumann&quot;\">Schumann<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong>\u00a0Violin Concerto; the music reminded me of myself. I feel close to\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/robert-schumann&quot;\">Schumann<\/a>,<\/strong> both personally\u00a0and professionally.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/who-were-clara-and-robert-schumann-s-children\/&quot;\">Who were Clara and Robert Schumann\u2019s children?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Schumann: String Quartets Nos 1-3<br\/>\nDoric String Quartet<br\/><em>Chandos CHAN 10692<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/reviews\/chamber\/schumann-string-quartets-nos-1-3\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our review of this recording here<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Schumann-String-Quartets-Doric-Quartet\/dp\/B005JA9UNE\/?tag=classicalm05c-21&amp;ascsubtag=classicalmusic-0&quot;\" rel=\"&quot;sponsored&quot; noopener noreferrer\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\"><strong>Buy from Amazon<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/en-gb\/music\/audio-cd\/doric-string-quartet-schumann-string-quartets-nos-1-2-3\/0095115169223&quot;\"><strong>Buy from World of Books<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.onbuy.com\/gb\/doric-string-quartet-schumann-string-quartets-nos-1-2-and-3-cd~c5629~p6560250\/&quot;\"><strong>Buy from OnBuy<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.sheetmusicplus.com\/title\/schumann-string-quartets-nos-1-3-sheet-music\/21867022&quot;\"><strong>Buy from Sheet Music Plus<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/schumann-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read reviews of Schumann latest recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>48<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/pierre-boulez&quot;\"> Pierre Boulez (1925-2016)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Serialist, modernist, conductor and founder of Ensemble intercontemporain<\/p>\n<p>Dai Fujikura says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/pierre-boulez&quot;\">Boulez<\/a><\/strong> is simply the best! Musically speaking, not only was he ground-breaking at the time, but his harmony and sonority are always gorgeous \u2013 if you slice his music, every bit is beautiful. He has done so much for other composers, too, building institutions and shaping how contemporary music is programmed in normal orchestral concerts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Pierre\" boulez=\"\" le=\"\" marteau=\"\" sans=\"\" ma=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4uxwxOdb8P0?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/boulez-reviews\/&quot;\">Read reviews of Boulez latest recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>47 <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/10-female-composers-you-should-know&quot;\">Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Theologian, mystic and now a saint, Hildegard composed sacred monophony<\/p>\n<p>Jessica Curry says:<\/p>\n<p>I first discovered Hildegard\u2019s music through the rave scene \u2013 Orbital\u2019s 1991 trippy track Belfast uses a beautiful sample of O Euchari and I was instantly hooked. I eventually found out what the sample was and Hildegard has remained a constant companion ever since. As with all the best music, I think it\u2019s impossible to describe her work \u2013 it is something that simply has be experienced. I\u2019m a staunch atheist and yet somehow her music is a sublime taste of the divine.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/music-hildegard-von-bingen\/&quot;\">The Music of Hildegard von Bingen<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Oxford\" camerata=\"\" o=\"\" euchari=\"\" in=\"\" leta=\"\" vita=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ks7E-8vNPj0?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/hildegard-von-bingen-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read reviews of Hildegard von Bingen latest recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>46 <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/thomas-tallis\/&quot;\">Thomas Tallis (c1505-85)<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>English composer known best for his sacred polyphonic choral works<\/p>\n<p>Gabriel Jackson says:<\/p>\n<p>From ornate Marian effusions to syllabic settings in English, <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/thomas-tallis\/&quot;\">Tallis<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s music encompasses all the diversity of styles that were required of a 16th-century English composer due to the frequent changes of monarch (and, therefore, religion): it\u2019s ecstatic, propulsive, luminous, florid (or simple), with a harmonic richness and melodic grace that is very special.<\/p>\n<p>Whether simple four-part homophony or the complex micropolyphony and dazzling sonic spectacle of <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/quick-guide-talliss-spem-alium\/&quot;\">Spem in alium<\/a><\/strong>, everything a composer interested in choral music needs to learn can be found here.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Tallis:\" music=\"\" for=\"\" queen=\"\" elizabeth=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RVjif8bY-c8?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/tallis-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read reviews of <\/strong><strong>Tallis <\/strong><strong>latest recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>45<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/erik-satie&quot;\"> Erik Satie (1866-1925)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>An original thinker, dadaist, artist, pianist and creator of furniture music<\/p>\n<p>Gerald Barry says:<\/p>\n<p>Just as Beckett withdrew from Joyce to carve his own world, <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/erik-satie&quot;\">Satie<\/a> withdrew from <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/claude-debussy&quot;\">Debussy<\/a> to carve his. He came out of nowhere \u2013 nothing like him before or since. No wonder he wrote \u2018furniture music\u2019 (background music). His music is Things As They Are. His Vexations, to be played 840 times, might as well be played a million times.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-best-satie-works&quot;\">Six of the best Satie works<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/why-was-erik-satie-sentenced-to-eight-days-in-jail\/&quot;\">Why was Erik Satie sentenced to eight days in jail?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/how-satie-liberated-music\/&quot;\">How Erik Satie liberated music<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>It could go on until the world ends. Its unknowability, inscrutability and mystery allows that. His magnificent Socrate is like someone walking around a room thinking out loud, dictating to a poignantly detached typist.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Socrate\" erik=\"\" satie=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BpPVqsXEIWg?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/satie-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read reviews of <\/strong><strong>Satie <\/strong><strong>latest recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>44 <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-best-stockhausen&quot;\">Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>German modernist; supporter of serialism; writer of electronic and aleatory music<\/p>\n<p>Rolf Hind says:<\/p>\n<p>That <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-best-stockhausen&quot;\">Stockhausen<\/a><\/strong> is on the front cover of The Beatles\u2019 Sgt. Pepper album simply attests to his massive reach in the 20th century. His own Gesamtkunst includes language, technology, dance, space and the planet.\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-best-stockhausen&quot;\">Stockhausen<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0both benefited from the timing of his birth (massive investment in German radio stations, orchestras, technology) and suffered for it (the challenges of being German in the 20th century) to imbue all influences in his music.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-best-stockhausen&quot;\">Six of the best works by Stockhausen\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Like the great obsessive German Sanskritists of the 19th century, he has come back from the brink with the key to extraordinary messages, discoveries from before, and perhaps beyond\u2026<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Karlheinz\" stockhausen:=\"\" jubil=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zNKMMCsz0nw?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/stockhausen-reviews\/&quot;\">Read reviews of Stockhausen latest recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>43 Stephen Sondheim (1930-2021)<\/h3>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/musical-theatre-legend-stephen-sondheim-has-died-aged-91\/&quot;\">Stephen Sondheim<\/a><\/strong> was an\u00a0 American composer, song writer and director specialising in musical theatre<\/p>\n<p>Paul Mealor says:<\/p>\n<p>The very greatest composers are able to sustain us in our darkest moments as well as making us laugh and filling us with joy. For me, Sondheim is one of those. From the most intense and brilliant large-scale, dramatic structures (such as Sweeney Todd or Assassins) to the lightest of melodies (A Little Night Music), and from the simplest of chords (Into the Woods) to the most dense harmonies (Follies), he has it all. He is clever without tricking us, and never \u2018writes down\u2019 to us.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/stephen-sondheim-in-pictures\/&quot;\">Stephen Sondheim: a life in photos<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/stephen-sondheim-the-composers-best-musicals\/&quot;\">Stephen Sondheim: the composer\u2019s best musicals<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Sondheim\" at=\"\" a=\"\" little=\"\" night=\"\" music=\"\" weekend=\"\" in=\"\" the=\"\" country=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5mHT2_hfhmA?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/sondheim-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read reviews of Sondheim latest recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3\/>\n<h3>42 <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/k\/knussen-oliver\/&quot;\">Oliver Knussen (1952-2018)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The British conductor and composer was a popular Aldeburgh mentor<\/p>\n<p>Charlotte Bray says:<\/p>\n<p>Above all, it is the craftsmanship that makes Knussen\u2019s music important. Every note and marking he made on the page was impeccably heard. No piece was complete until everything was precisely in place. His music is totally original and exciting, infused with a sense of adventure and wit, and will inspire for years to come.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/news\/oliver-knussen-1952-2018\/&quot;\">Oliver Knussen (1952-2018)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/interview-oliver-knussen\/&quot;\">An interview with Oliver Knussen<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Violin\" concerto=\"\" op.=\"\" i.=\"\" recitative=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LCP_GgYGfPQ?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/knussen-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read reviews of Knussen<\/strong> <strong>latest recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>41 <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/harrison-birtwistle&quot;\">Harrison Birtwistle (b1934)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Part of the New Manchester School, Birtwistle combines myth and modernism<\/p>\n<p>Eleanor Alberga says:<\/p>\n<p>Birtwistle\u2019s music speaks in a voice totally its own. The endless re-invention and development as his music unfolds, together with the intensity of the contrapuntal textures, take the ear on an utterly unpredictable yet always completely immersive journey. Gawain and The Minotaur, the two operas I\u2019m most familiar with, enveloped me in a primeval soundworld. I felt viscerally amazed and taken to a better \u2018place\u2019 as a result.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;The\" minotaur=\"\" labyrinth=\"\" scene=\"\" extract=\"\" tomlinson=\"\" the=\"\" royal=\"\" opera=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XvGuUM5sLYo?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/birtwistle-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read reviews of the latest Birtwistle recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>40<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/edward-elgar&quot;\"> Edward Elgar (1857-1934)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Britain\u2019s symphonic master with a natural ear for yearning melodies<\/p>\n<p>Christopher Gunning says:<\/p>\n<p>Is it even possible to envisage the English countryside without hearing Elgar? To take individual pieces, I would say that all the variations of his <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/best-recordings-elgars-enigma-variations&quot;\">Enigma Variations<\/a><\/strong> are perfect \u2013 not just \u2018Nimrod\u2019 \u2013 and it is one of the finest examples of that format ever written. His <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-elgars-symphony-no-1\/&quot;\">First Symphony<\/a><\/strong>, meanwhile, is one of the most profoundly optimistic things that has ever been written. It\u2019s a work that goes back to <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/johannes-brahms&quot;\">Brahms<\/a><\/strong>, or probably pre-<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/johannes-brahms&quot;\">Brahms<\/a><\/strong>, and has that wonderful combination of lyricism on the one hand and real emotional striving on the other.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/five-essential-works-elgar&quot;\">5 essential works by Elgar<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Elgar\" symphony=\"\" no=\"\" mvt=\"\" by=\"\" sir=\"\" edward=\"\" elgar=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Xj2CV9Veazs?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/elgar-reviews\/&quot;\">Read reviews of the latest Elgar recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3\/>\n<h3>39<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/giuseppe-verdi&quot;\"> Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Italian operatic master whose enduring arias are beloved the world over<\/p>\n<p>Qigang Chen says:<\/p>\n<p>The five composers I voted for all have something in common: they were unconcerned with keeping up with the latest fashions and were relatively free of outside influence. They were, in short, utterly individual.\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/giuseppe-verdi&quot;\">Verdi<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s\u00a0age coincided with the height of Austro-Germanic rationalist dominance in philosophy, literature, and music, but he did without such glorious guiding principles. He had no philosopher friends, but was a common man, a farmer who retired to the countryside. True artistic vitality exists independently from the influence of worldly power, and <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/giuseppe-verdi&quot;\">Verdi<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s music has this kind of particular quality.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/verdis-requiem-guide\/&quot;\">A quick guide to Verdi\u2019s\u00a0Requiem<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Maria\" callas:=\"\" miserere=\"\" il=\"\" trovatore=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TegWugrrCgU?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/verdi-reviews\/&quot;\">Read reviews of the latest Verdi recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>38<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/richard-strauss&quot;\"> Richard Strauss (1864-1949)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Late-Romantic composer of richly scored tone poems and heady operas<\/p>\n<p>Colin Matthews says:<\/p>\n<p>It is all too easy to overlook <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/richard-strauss&quot;\"><strong>Richard Strauss<\/strong><\/a>\u2019s significance, but in the remarkable sequence of <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-tone-poem\/&quot;\">tone poems<\/a><\/strong> spanning 25 years, from Don Juan to the Alpine Symphony, he showed both an orchestral mastery and a remarkable capacity for invention and structural innovation. The operas Salome and Elektra are as stylistically advanced as almost anything being written in the first decade of the 20th century. The music of\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/richard-strauss&quot;\">Strauss<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s\u00a0last years \u2013 starting with Capriccio in 1940, encompassing the two wind serenades, the Second Horn Concerto and the Oboe Concerto, and culminating in the <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/when-did-richard-strauss-write-his-four-last-songs\/&quot;\">Four Last Songs<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 is among the most perfect music of all time.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/guide-strausss-also-sprach-zarathustra\/&quot;\"><strong>A guide to Strauss\u2019s Also Sprach Zarathustra<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;R.\" strauss:=\"\" horn=\"\" concerto=\"\" no.=\"\" in=\"\" e-flat=\"\" major=\"\" trv=\"\" i.=\"\" allegro=\"\" ii.=\"\" andante=\"\" con=\"\" moto=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/u8Kw6okcrks?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/r-strauss-reviews\/&quot;\">Read reviews of the latest Richard Strauss recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>37<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/william-byrd&quot;\"> William Byrd (1543-1623)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Tudor England\u2019s choral great also composed dozens of refined keyboard works<\/p>\n<p>Bob Chilcott says:<\/p>\n<p>It took me a while to realise what a wonderful composer <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/william-byrd&quot;\">Byrd<\/a> is. As a young chorister the thought of singing his \u2018Great\u2019 Service filled me with horror. Years later I listened endlessly to a recording of this piece by The Tallis Scholars and marvelled at its sonority and the tumbling counterpoint of the Nunc Dimittis. I later came to know his Advent motet Vigilate. There are tactile, sensual and deeply human elements in his music that transmit beautifully to the flow of breath and to singing lines.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/five-essential-works-william-byrd\/&quot;\"><strong>Five essential works by William<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Byrd<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;William\" byrd=\"\" nunc=\"\" dimittis=\"\" the=\"\" tallis=\"\" scholars=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AGbGd073gfo?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/byrd-reviews\/&quot;\">Read our reviews of the latest Byrd recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>36<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/anton-von-webern&quot;\"> Anton Webern (1883-1945)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Twelve-tone serialist and key member of the Second Viennese School<\/p>\n<p>Howard Skempton says:<\/p>\n<p>What is extraordinary is the integrity of <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/anton-von-webern&quot;\">Webern<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> music. It has a sort of elegance and strength in itself. It\u2019s almost as if he\u2019s contemplating music like a mathematical formula, trying to work out what it might unlock. He reveals the possibility of a different musical landscape.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s what excited me when I first heard the Six Pieces for Orchestra in my late teens \u2013 I became aware that there was an entirely new way of composing. He influenced the post-War generation, the serialists, experimental composers and, beyond that, the minimalists. His reach has been extraordinary.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/how-did-anton-webern-die\/&quot;\">How did Anton Webern die?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Anton\" webern=\"\" six=\"\" pieces=\"\" for=\"\" orchestra=\"\" op.6=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g0jCDxWvufw?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/webern-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Webern recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>35 Edgar Var\u00e8se (1883-1965)<\/h3>\n<p>Electro-acoustic pioneer and creator of \u2018organised sound\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Brian Ferneyhough says:<\/p>\n<p>Var\u00e8se\u2019s Octandre was the first \u2018contemporary\u2019 work to make a deep and lasting impression on me when, aged 15, I came across a partial recording at school. It struck me as unsentimental, sharp-contoured and authoritatively capricious. As a wind player, I could appreciate its skill in stretching each instrument just beyond its normal comfort zone, while its intersections of complex rhythmic and colouristic patterning seemed brilliantly realised.<\/p>\n<p>Many years later, I wrote a work based on the exact ensemble used by Var\u00e8se, plus a solo violin. I have never understood why the Octandre instrumentation never became a standard combination, such as that of <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/arnold-schoenberg&quot;\">Schoenberg<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> Pierrot Lunaire.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Edgard\" var=\"\" octandre=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2IWXfKzUnt0?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/varese-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Var\u00e8se<\/strong> <strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>34 <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/morton-feldman\/&quot;\">Morton Feldman (1926-87)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>American composer who experimented with notation and duration<\/p>\n<p>Shiva Feshareki says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/morton-feldman\/&quot;\">Feldman<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s music has its own aesthetic and pace. At the time of creation, his work seemed completely independent, yet somehow it formed a bridge between many schools of thought. In my mind, his music is like an intricate tapestry, which gets magnified until you experience every element of the work.<\/p>\n<p>It requires commitment and concentration, as often his compositions last many hours. But eventually, it is as though the music has shifted your perspective on reality. You\u2019re changed, and you think and feel with a broader perspective.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Morton\" feldman=\"\" rothko=\"\" chapel=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1ZZ0DYIkaP8?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/feldman-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Feldman<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>33<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/alban-berg&quot;\"> Alban Berg (1885-1935)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Part of the serialist collective, Berg\u2019s music is packed with ciphers and codes<\/p>\n<p>Outi Tarkiainen says:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/alban-berg&quot;\"><strong>Alban Berg<\/strong><\/a> brought into life the theoretical inventions of the Second Viennese School, creating 12-tone serialism that was not only technically masterful and internally coherent, but also powerful in expression and full of artistic pleasure. His music is a crucial link between eras \u2013 his forms and teleology are modern yet firmly drawing from the Romantic tradition. Unlike in the second half of the 20th century, today\u2019s contemporary music is again daring to exploit many elements from the Romantic era, and so <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/alban-berg&quot;\">Berg<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> influence continues to be utterly relevant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Berg\" wozzeck=\"\" act=\"\" iii=\"\" scene=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/702knK1mop0?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/berg-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Berg<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>32<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/pyotr-ilyich-tchaikovsky&quot;\"> Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-93)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Ballets and biographical symphonies are at the heart of this Russian Romantic\u2019s work<\/p>\n<p>Joby Talbot says:<\/p>\n<p>If you were to greet some aliens who had landed and wanted to know what classical music sounded like, you could do much worse than point them in the direction of <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/pyotr-ilyich-tchaikovsky&quot;\">Tchaikovsky<\/a>.<\/strong> To me, growing up, it was just the quintessential, beautiful, extraordinary, poetic and melodic orchestral and vocal music. He was obviously the master of melody, but I also love the heart-on-sleeve emotional palette and the rhythmic element of his music. You look at the dynamic markings in the scores; he has everything from ppppp to fffff! As a kid playing in <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-instruments-make-up-an-orchestra\/&quot;\">orchestras<\/a><\/strong> it was like running a marathon, but always with a sense of inclusivity, fun and mischief.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-tchaikovskys-violin-concerto\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Tchaikovsky\u2019s Violin Concerto<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/nine-unexpected-uses-tchaikovskys-nutcracker\/&quot;\">Nine unexpected uses of Tchaikovsky\u2019s \u2018The Nutcracker\u2019<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"'Symphony\" no.=\"\" in=\"\" b=\"\" minor=\"\" op.=\"\" pyotr=\"\" ilyich=\"\" tchaikovsky=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uZmLx4w2VHo?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/tchaikovsky-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Tchaikovsky<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>31<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/john-cage&quot;\"> John Cage (1912-92)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Leader of the American avant-garde; inventor of the prepared piano<\/p>\n<p>Gavin Bryars says:<\/p>\n<p>For me,\u00a0<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/john-cage&quot;\"><strong>John Cage<\/strong><\/a> was one of the two major artists of the 20th century \u2013 the other being Marcel Duchamp. Both questioned what can count as art and both pursued their questioning to the most fundamental level, in\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/john-cage&quot;\">Cage<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong>\u00a0case through the rigours of his musical and philosophical thinking. He took music back to the condition of zero with the so-called silent piece <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/what-is-the-point-of-john-cage-433\/&quot;\">4\u201933\u201d<\/a><\/strong>, but with a lightness of spirit that one could never find in other areas of the avant-garde. I first met him in 1966 when he performed in London with Merce Cunningham.<\/p>\n<p>Witnessing the invention and elegance of their collaboration, I knew that this was what I wanted to do, moving away, as I was, from what I felt were the confines of jazz and free improvisation. <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/john-cage&quot;\">Cage<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> music is constantly surprising, often baffling and always liberating.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;4'33&quot;\" by=\"\" john=\"\" cage=\"\" live=\"\" at=\"\" the=\"\" barbican=\"\" bbc=\"\" four=\"\" collections=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yoAbXwr3qkg?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/john-cage-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest John Cage<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>30<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/witold-lutos%C5%82awski&quot;\"> Witold Lutos\u0142awski (1913-94)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The brilliant Polish composer and conductor was a renowned orchestrator<\/p>\n<p>Sebastian Fagerlund says:<\/p>\n<p>I became acquainted with <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/witold-lutos%C5%82awski&quot;\">Lutos\u0142awski<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> music in my early teenage years. His Livre pour Orchestre has since then remained one of the scores I regularly return to and in which I always find something new. In\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/witold-lutos%C5%82awski&quot;\">Lutos\u0142awski<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong>\u00a0orchestral works there is a masterly control of the conception of time through the manipulation of timbre, texture and musical shapes and arcs.<\/p>\n<p>What strikes me above all is what a humane composer he is.\u00a0Even in the most aleatorically advanced and texturally complex sections, his music communicates with such directness. The music also feels simultaneously playfully inviting, as well as highly expressive and acutely demanding of one\u2019s full attention.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Livre\" pour=\"\" orchestre=\"\" remastered=\"\" version=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/paVj21IcLyk?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/lutoslawski-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Lutos\u0142awski<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3\/>\n<h3>29<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/sergey-prokofiev&quot;\"> Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Russian composer who balanced Romanticism with a hard modernist style<\/p>\n<p>Gabriel Prokofiev says:<\/p>\n<p>I guess people will think I\u2019m prejudiced to choose my own grandfather, but I think my choice is justified. <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/sergey-prokofiev&quot;\">Prokofiev<\/a><\/strong> has an unmistakable sound, such a unique voice, particularly in his catchy yet quirky melodic writing and original approach to harmony; it\u2019s almost impossible to mistake him for any other composer. He managed to continue composing exciting melodies right up until the 1950s when almost all other 20th-century composers had moved away from tonally rooted themes. His melodies still sounded fresh and new.<\/p>\n<p>Plus, of course, his music has had a wide impact \u2013 <em>Peter and the Wolf<\/em> and <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-best-musical-settings-shakespeares-romeo-and-juliet&quot;\"><strong><em>Romeo<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>Juliet<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/a>in particular have become part of the global musical canon beyond just the realms of classical music.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/best-recordings-prokofiev-piano-concertos&quot;\">The best recordings of Prokofiev\u2019s Piano Concertos<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-best-musical-settings-shakespeares-romeo-and-juliet&quot;\">Six of the best musical settings of Romeo and Juliet<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Peter\" and=\"\" the=\"\" wolf=\"\" op.=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZFsS1F6JM4w?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/prokofiev-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Prokofiev<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>28<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/charles-ives&quot;\"> Charles Ives (1874-1954)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Way ahead of his time, the American composer invented modern music<\/p>\n<p>Morten Lauridsen says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/charles-ives&quot;\">Ives<\/a><\/strong> was possibly the most original composer in history, whose influence was only felt years after his astonishing works became known \u2013 a pioneer in new directions for orchestration, musical form, harmony, text setting (especially his 114 songs), rhythm, piano writing, tuning and more, predating many composers who later experimented in these areas. His Three Places in New England in particular remains a stunning model of his innovations.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/louisa-may-alcott-classical-music\/&quot;\">How Louisa May Alcott was immortalised by Charles Ives in his music<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-ives-s-symphony-no-2\/&quot;\">A guide to Ives\u2019s Symphony No. 2<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><iframe title=\"&quot;Charles\" ives=\"\" symphony=\"\" no.=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ztLr3kaN4_c?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/ives-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Ives<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>27 <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/philip-glass&quot;\">Philip Glass (b.1937)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>First-wave minimalist and composer of hypnotic film music and opera<\/p>\n<p>Oliver Davis says:<\/p>\n<p>Despite the extremely varied styles of <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/philip-glass&quot;\"><strong>Philip Glass<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u2019s<\/strong> output over the years, as soon as you hear his music you instantly know it couldn\u2019t be anyone else: his harmonic language is that distinctive and he has an extraordinary gift for melody. Though minimalism is now a very accepted genre, I wonder how difficult it must have been as a young composer in the 1960s to reject the assumed modernist path set by the likes of Stockhausen and\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/pierre-boulez&quot;\">Boulez<\/a>,<\/strong> and instead start a new genus of music.<\/p>\n<p>It must have taken enormous conviction and self belief. The result is a unique and lasting repertoire of stunning music that has credibility and universal appeal. His enduring influence cannot\u00a0be underestimated.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/the-brilliance-of-philip-glass-seven-leading-musicians-discuss-his-style-and-influence\/&quot;\">The brilliance of Philip Glass: seven leading musicians discuss his style and influence<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Philip\" glass=\"\" glassworks=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6Stu7h7Qup8?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/glass-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Glass<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>26<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/george-gershwin&quot;\"> George Gershwin (1898-1937)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Versatile American composer-pianist who melded jazz and classical<\/p>\n<p>Carl Davis:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/george-gershwin&quot;\">Gershwin<\/a><\/strong> is, for me, the first great American composer, whose career path followed a trajectory from Tin Pan Alley song-plugger into Broadway musicals and inevitably Hollywood film musicals. His jazz-infused <strong><em><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/best-recordings-gershwins-rhapsody-blue&quot;\">Rhapsody in Blue<\/a> <\/em><\/strong>premiered at the holy grail of classical music, Carnegie Hall, and while his glorious opera Porgy and Bess may have opened on Broadway, it eventually reached the Met and the Royal Opera House. Above all, there is the music itself: a tremendous achievement. His unique style never fails to both intrigue and move me.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/six-best-versions-gershwins-summertime\/&quot;\">Si<strong>x of the best versions of \u2018Summertime\u2019<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/six-best-works-george-gershwin\/&quot;\">Six of the best works by George Gershwin<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Rhapsody\" in=\"\" blue:=\"\" gershwin=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ynEOo28lsbc?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/gershwin-reviews\/&quot;\">Read our reviews of the latest Gershwin recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>25<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/franz-schubert&quot;\"> Franz Schubert (1797-1828)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Austrian Romantic famed for his profound song cycles and sublime sonatas<\/p>\n<p>Stephen Hough says:<\/p>\n<p>There are many reasons we might consider a composer great: innovation and originality, or the sheer consistency that results in many masterpieces. But for me, <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/franz-schubert&quot;\">Schubert<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> unique stature, alongside those traits, is his ability to speak to the human heart in all its fragility and vulnerability. Without sentimentality or falsehood he reaches beyond the ears of his listeners to their hearts. We sense that he empathises with the deepest longings of our souls, yet somehow still respects our boundaries.<\/p>\n<p>After his body began to break down in illness, his inspiration took flight. It was a high price for him, but for us, left with his miraculous works, it is a trove of priceless treasures.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/best-recordings-schuberts-unfinished-symphony&quot;\"><strong>The best recordings of Schubert\u2019s Unfinished Symphony<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/schubert-style-guide\/&quot;\">Schubert: A Style Guide<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/four-best-schubert-recordings\/&quot;\">Four of the best Schubert recordings<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/six-best-schubert-songs\/&quot;\">Six of the best Schubert songs<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Schubert,\" sinfonia=\"\" n=\"\" d.82.=\"\" claudio=\"\" abbado=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cyZXxqkUXD4?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/schubert-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Schubert recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>24<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/leos-jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek&quot;\"> Leos Jan\u00e1\u010dek (1854-1928)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The Czech composer memorialised folkloric traditions through magical music<\/p>\n<p>Anna Meredith says:<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ve always returned to <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/leos-jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek&quot;\">Jan\u00e1\u010dek<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> music over the years. There\u2019s a lot of technical skill and his ear for orchestral colour and pacing really jump out to me, but I think it\u2019s the boldness that I love, the theatricality and variety in his Sinfonietta, the humour in something like The Cunning Little Vixen, the big dramatic shapes of the chamber pieces. I think I once heard him described as a \u2018composer\u2019s composer\u2019, which I agree with because I don\u2019t know any composers who don\u2019t like his music.<\/p>\n<p>However, that statement could make his music seem like something to be admired or studied, but I think he\u2019s so much more immediate than that. It takes a lot of skill to write in a way that sounds so instinctive and fresh, but that desire to communicate the identity of each moment is something that\u2019s inspired me.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Leo\u0161\" jan=\"\" sinfonietta=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3SYk46TFV5I?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/janacek-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Jan\u00e1\u010dek recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>23<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/carlo-gesualdo&quot;\"> Carlo Gesualdo (1566-1613)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Murderous Italian choral composer with a taste, too, for twisted harmonies<\/p>\n<p>Elena Langer says:<\/p>\n<p>I first heard <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/carlo-gesualdo&quot;\">Gesualdo<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> music while studying at the Moscow Conservatory and feeling suffocated by convention: old polyphony, Baroque, dodecaphony\u2026 Why did his 400-year-old music sound so fresh, shocking and timeless? Independent, passionate and flouting the rules,\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/carlo-gesualdo&quot;\">Gesualdo<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0found the perfect musical means to express his tortured soul. Sliding chromatic voices always react precisely to their text, building into almost Wagnerian harmonies. The greatest composers speak the musical language of their times but transform it to say something important and unique. His madrigals are like really intense short operas.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Carlo\" gesualdo=\"\" se=\"\" la=\"\" mia=\"\" morte=\"\" brami=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pMaYAFuC3RQ?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/gesualdo-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Gesualdo recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3\/>\n<h3>22<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/arnold-schoenberg&quot;\"> Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Father of serialism, exquisite orchestrator and respected music theorist<\/p>\n<p>Brian Elias says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/arnold-schoenberg&quot;\">Schoenberg<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> ideas have been immeasurably influential and his legacy still affects us today. His bravery and integrity are second to none; he discovered a new system of composition that has since proved to have its limitations but, at the same time, he initiated new and radical ways of thinking about how music is and should be composed. For so many composers of my generation, works such as Pierrot Lunaire and the Three Piano Pieces Op. 11 remain pinnacles of creative imagination and originality.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Schoenberg:\" three=\"\" piano=\"\" pieces=\"\" op.=\"\" iii.=\"\" bewegte=\"\" achtel=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yPtxKMEPlPI?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/schoenberg-reviews\/&quot;\">Read our reviews of the latest Schoenberg recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3\/>\n<h3>21 <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/ralph-vaughan-williams&quot;\">Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Pastoral scenes and Tudor influences are to the fore in this English composer\u2019s output<\/p>\n<p>David Bednall says:<\/p>\n<p>For me, the power of <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/ralph-vaughan-williams&quot;\"><strong>Vaughan Williams<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u2019s<\/strong> music is its emotional directness and expressive power. His soundworld is so distinctive that you know immediately who the composer is, and yet it seems infinitely variable \u2013 simply compare his <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/guide-vaughan-williamss-symphony-no-4&quot;\"><strong>Fourth Symphony<\/strong><\/a> with his <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-vaughan-williamss-symphony-no-5\/&quot;\">Fifth<\/a><\/strong>, for example.<\/p>\n<p>It also has that quality of seeming to be very personal and for all its technical brilliance and skill, it was written for you to understand. There is also that incredible ability to combine the ancient and new into a unique mix which is neither one or the other but could only be <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/ralph-vaughan-williams&quot;\">RVW<\/a>.<\/strong> The Fantasia on a theme of <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/thomas-tallis\/&quot;\">Thomas Tallis<\/a><\/strong> is the most obvious example of this.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/which-your-favourite-ralph-vaughan-williams-work&quot;\">Which is your favourite Vaughan Williams work?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-vaughan-williamss-sea-symphony\/&quot;\">Six of the best recordings of Vaughan Williams\u2019s Sea Symphony\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-vaughan-williamss-symphony-no-4\/&quot;\">A guide to Vaughan Williams\u2019s Symphony No. 4<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>We named Vaughan Williams one of the<strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/best-english-composers\/&quot;\"> greatest English composers of all time<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Vaughan\" williams=\"\" fantasia=\"\" on=\"\" a=\"\" theme=\"\" of=\"\" thomas=\"\" tallis=\"\" hq=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ihx5LCF1yJY?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/vaughan-williams-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Vaughan Williams recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>20<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/frederic-chopin&quot;\"> Frederic Chopin (1810-49)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Polish Romantic whose colossal output transformed the piano repertoire<\/p>\n<p>Jake Heggie says:<\/p>\n<p>Just a few notes and you know it\u2019s him: a singular, indelible, inspired soul whose profoundly beautiful, brave, impeccably crafted music resonates across time and culture. Is there anyone like\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/frederic-chopin&quot;\">Chopin<\/a>?<\/strong> He didn\u2019t write symphonies or operas; he knew where his gifts lay and relentlessly explored the technical and expressive possibilities within that realm.<\/p>\n<p>He has been the gateway and inspiration for millions of pianists, teachers and composers of all stripes. His humanity walked me through the toughest times of my life: my father\u2019s suicide, coming out during the AIDS crisis, the hand injury that changed the course of my life. <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/frederic-chopin&quot;\">Chopin<\/a><\/strong> was always there with me.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/five-essential-works-chopin\/&quot;\">Five essential works by Chopin<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Mindru\" katz=\"\" :=\"\" chopin=\"\" etudes=\"\" n=\"\" op.=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KQQuARE0JaQ?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/chopin-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Chopin recordings<\/a> here<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>19<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/steve-reich-s-best-works-percussion&quot;\"> Steve Reich (b.1936)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>American minimalist, expert crafter of clean lines and propulsive melodies<\/p>\n<p>Stewart Copeland says:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/steve-reich-s-best-works-percussion&quot;\"><strong>Steve Reich<\/strong><\/a> could be regarded as the saviour of modern classical music. Somewhere in the middle of the 20th century, the idea took hold among even the best composers that music sophistication equals pain. <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/steve-reich-s-best-works-percussion&quot;\">Reich<\/a><\/strong> himself started with intellectual high concept, but then landed on something that allowed him to take a different direction: simple beauty. His minimalism eschews rules of structure, form, contour and rhythm.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;STEVE\" reich:=\"\" variations=\"\" for=\"\" winds=\"\" strings=\"\" keyboards=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Sgjwiadze1w?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/reich-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest <\/a><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/reich-reviews\/&quot;\">Reich recordings<\/a> here<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>18<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/johannes-brahms&quot;\"> Johannes Brahms (1833-97)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>A <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/fifteen-best-romantic-composers\/&quot;\">Romantic composing<\/a><\/strong> giant of rich, ripe textures and winsome melodies<\/p>\n<p>Mark Simpson says:<\/p>\n<p>The best of <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/johannes-brahms&quot;\">Brahms<\/a><\/strong> exists in the moments when he transcends his grounded, earthy sense of being and take us to a higher state of spiritual awareness \u2013 the passage between the human and the spiritual world. He was in essence deeply human but also had a developed spiritual side that he had access to. It\u2019s this striving for a higher state of expressive consciousness that I take most from his work.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/five-essential-works-brahms&quot;\">Five essential works by Brahms<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/six-best-brahms-recordings\/&quot;\">Six of the best Brahms recordings<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/who-was-johannes-brahms\/&quot;\">Who was Johannes Brahms?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Brahms\" cello=\"\" sonata=\"\" no.1=\"\" in=\"\" e=\"\" minor=\"\" op.=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9XiYrzsgWto?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/brahms-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Read our reviews of the latest Brahms recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>17 Kaija Saariaho (b1952)<\/h3>\n<p>Finnish composer working across electro-serialist and spectralist fields<\/p>\n<p>Anna Thorvaldsdottir says:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-best-works-kaija-saariaho&quot;\"><strong>Kaija Saariaho<\/strong><\/a> is one of the monumental composers of our time. There are so many wonderful things that can be said about her music, especially her great pieces for larger forces \u2013 many of which are personal favourites. In addition, I feel that the powerful presence of her music over the years has been particularly important as a role model for younger generations, not least for younger women in music that find inspiration and encouragement in such a compelling composer. This multifaceted influence will, without doubt, carry on to shape the music of the future.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/six-best-works-kaija-saariaho\/&quot;\">Kaija Saariaho: Six of her best works<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Kaija\" saariaho:=\"\" nymph=\"\" reflection=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/18IsCUQtwhg?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/saariaho-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest <\/a><\/strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/saariaho-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>Saariaho<\/strong> <strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>16<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/joseph-haydn&quot;\"> Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Symphonic pioneer who played a key role in the development of chamber music<\/p>\n<p>Rodney Newton says:<\/p>\n<p>The father of the symphony and the string quartet, \u2018Papa\u2019 <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/joseph-haydn&quot;\">Haydn<\/a><\/strong> laid the foundations for the development of these forms, and his inventiveness and originality were the inspiration and model for countless others.<\/p>\n<p>As with <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\"><strong>JS Bach<\/strong><\/a><strong>,<\/strong> the fecundity of\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/joseph-haydn&quot;\">Haydn<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> output and its range is staggering. From the point of view of sheer enjoyment, he has few parallels \u2013 his humanity bubbles out of every work. And as a fellow composer once advised me, \u2018If you want to learn to write melodies, study\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/joseph-haydn&quot;\">Haydn<\/a>!\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/five-essential-works-haydn\/&quot;\">Five essential works by Haydn<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/story-haydns-creation&quot;\">The story of Haydn\u2019s Creation<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Wynton\" marsalis=\"\" haydn=\"\" concerto=\"\" for=\"\" trumpet=\"\" in=\"\" e-flat=\"\" major=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/elhUUPt0UfY?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/haydn-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Haydn<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/haydn-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>15 Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-75)<\/h3>\n<p>Post-Romantic composer of large-scale symphonies, orchestral works and opera<\/p>\n<p>Danny Elfman says:<\/p>\n<p>My first encounters with <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/dmitri-shostakovich&quot;\">Shostakovich<\/a><\/strong> turned my musical perspective upside down. His Eighth String Quartet, for instance, hit me with such force. The opening four-note motif made an instant connection to me as it evolved into the most soulful and heartbreaking melody I had ever heard.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/five-best-shostakovich-conductors\/&quot;\">Five of the best Shostakovich conductors<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/politics-dmitri-shostakovich\/&quot;\">The politics of Dmitri Shostakovich<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Then, the way he twists and turns that motif, exposing and hiding it throughout the quartet, seemed like an impossible magic trick\u2026 slowly winding down at the end to leave just the pure unadorned melodies, with a feeling of pristine, beautiful hopelessness. As I got deeper into his music, I found certain elements coexisting: passion, impeccable craftsmanship, enthusiasm which could be almost giddy, darkness bumping into humour and pure soulfulness that enriches the world of the listener.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-shostakovichs-symphony-no-7-leningrad\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Shostakovich\u2019s Symphony No. 7 \u2018Leningrad\u2019<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-shostakovichs-symphony-no-5\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Shostakkovich\u2019s Symphony No. 5<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Shostakovich\" string=\"\" quartet=\"\" no.=\"\" in=\"\" c=\"\" minor=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PjvTTfbpWjY?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/shostakovich-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Shostakovich <\/a><\/strong><\/strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/shostakovich-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>14<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/b%C3%A9la-bart%C3%B3k&quot;\"> B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k (1881-1945)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Hungarian folk music clashes thrillingly with angular modernism<\/p>\n<p>Michael Berkeley says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/b%C3%A9la-bart%C3%B3k&quot;\">Bart\u00f3k<\/a><\/strong> is for me an unsung hero. His six string quartets are the finest cycle since <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/ludwig-van-beethoven&quot;\">Beethoven<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> and in them he revolutionised writing for string instruments. But the extraordinary sounds he achieves are utterly organic and crucial to the sensibility of the music. On a larger scale, I would love to see two masterpieces coupled in a double bill at the Royal Opera House, with the opera doing Bluebeard\u2019s Castle and the ballet doing Miraculous Mandarin \u2013 both scores of terrifying power and vision.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/five-essential-works-bartok&quot;\">5 essential works by Bart\u00f3k\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/bartok-discover-6-of-his-lesser-known-works\/&quot;\">Bart\u00f3k: discover six of his lesser-known works<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Bluebeard's\" castle:=\"\" fifth=\"\" door=\"\" michael=\"\" mikhail=\"\" petrenko=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/w7zqNgta_cw?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/bartok-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Bart\u00f3k <\/a><\/strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/bartok-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3\/>\n<h3>13<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/olivier-messiaen&quot;\"> Olivier Messiaen (1908-92)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>In his music, the French composer looks to serialism, gamelan and birdsong<\/p>\n<p>Roxanna Panufnik says:<\/p>\n<p>Over the years, my admiration for <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/olivier-messiaen&quot;\">Messiaen<\/a><\/strong> has grown and grown \u2013 from my first exposure to his kaleidoscopic harmony during my music college days to electrifying live performances of his timeless Turangal\u00eela Symphony in later years. His spirituality seers through my soul as his majestic and ethereal chords blend and morph in reverent church acoustics.<\/p>\n<p>Then I discovered he, like me, had synaesthesia (which, for him, meant he saw colours when he heard sounds) and my attraction to his music made even more sense. Luckily, he has left us such an epic body of work, I have so much more discovering to look forward to.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/five-essential-works-messiaen\/&quot;\">Five essential works by Messiaen<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Messiaen\" turangalila=\"\" symphonie=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8PjyCpRKDrk?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/messiaen-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Messiaen<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/messiaen-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3\/>\n<h3>12<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/jean-sibelius&quot;\"> Jean Sibelius (1865-1957)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Brooding Finnish landscapes and ancient folklore captured in vivid colour<\/p>\n<p>Anthony Payne says:<\/p>\n<p>My school\u2019s gramophone society once put on the Koussevitzky recording\u00a0of <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/jean-sibelius&quot;\">Sibelius<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> Second Symphony and it blew me away. At the time, I couldn\u2019t say why, but the musical language spoke to me in my then state of partial ignorance. There\u2019s something northern and powerful about <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/jean-sibelius&quot;\">Sibelius<\/a>.<\/strong> But it\u2019s the idea of narrative growth in his music that really grabs me \u2013 the way he starts with an idea or a motif and allows it to develop.<\/p>\n<p>In the Seventh Symphony, the trombone solo returns three times, each time altered; you can recognise the material throughout and hear it growing. <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/jean-sibelius&quot;\">Sibelius<\/a><\/strong> also makes references to classical forms, but they\u2019re completely newly aligned, as in the first movement of the Second Symphony or the tone poems such as\u00a0Tapiola, which I think is one of the great works of all time.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/top-5-sibelius-works\/&quot;\">Top 5 Sibelius works<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/guide-sibeliuss-kullervo\/&quot;\">A guide to Sibelius\u2019 Kullervo<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Sibelius\" tapiola=\"\" philharmonia=\"\" karajan=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BiYYnsZz3IM?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/sibelius-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Sibelius<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/sibelius-reviews\/&quot;\"> <strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>11<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/benjamin-britten&quot;\"> Benjamin Britten (1913-76)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>English composer of choral works, opera and song; Aldeburgh festival founder<\/p>\n<p>Cheryl Frances-Hoad says:<\/p>\n<p>The first \u2018modern\u2019 music that I remember discovering was by <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/benjamin-britten&quot;\">Britten<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 as an eight year-old attempting to play his Tema \u2018Sacher\u2019 on my cello. Ever since, his music has enthralled me, and it is often to his scores that I will turn to for compositional \u2018advice\u2019. To me, his music is the perfect marriage of emotion and craft, with every compositional element working together to contribute to the music\u2019s expressive power. If I were only allowed to listen to one piece for the rest of my life, I would choose his Les Illuminations.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/five-essential-works-benjamin-britten&quot;\">5 essential works by Benjamin Britten<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/top-20-britten-recordings&quot;\">Top 20 Britten recordings<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/benjamin-britten-and-peter-pears\/&quot;\">Benjamin Britten and Peter Pears<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p><strong>Recommended recording:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"'Britten:\" tema=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RYiILyHroYU?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our<a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/britten-reviews\/&quot;\"> reviews of the latest Britten<\/a><\/strong> <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/britten-reviews\/&quot;\"><strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>10<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/claudio-monteverdi&quot;\"> Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The Italian whose musical fertility transformed every musical genre<\/p>\n<p>Eric Whitacre says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/claudio-monteverdi&quot;\">Monteverdi<\/a><\/strong> was a maverick and visionary, single-handedly changing musical paradigms. His contribution to the development of a whole new genre, opera, was incalculable. Human emotion became a source of inspiration and music a means to express human passions. Abandoning academic rules and musical preconceptions, he created ground-breaking works for decades, bridging Renaissance and <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/top-10-baroque-composers\/&quot;\">Baroque<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 apparently effortlessly. Above all else, <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/claudio-monteverdi&quot;\">Monteverdi<\/a><\/strong> wrote supremely well-crafted and deeply beautiful music that is a joy to hear.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-monteverdi\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Monteverdi<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Monteverdi,\" l=\"\" di=\"\" poppea=\"\" ti=\"\" miro=\"\" sonya=\"\" yoncheva=\"\" kate=\"\" lindsay=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/quhXDVX6jjA?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/monteverdi-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Monteverdi<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/monteverdi-reviews\/&quot;\">\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>9 <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/maurice-ravel&quot;\">Maurice Ravel (1875-1937)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>French impressionist notable for his colourful pianism and use of repetition<\/p>\n<p>Judith Bingham says:<\/p>\n<p>Both musically and as a person, <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/maurice-ravel&quot;\">Ravel<\/a><\/strong> has always seemed extremely mysterious to me. He reminds me of the French Baroque painter, Watteau (whose paintings inspired him) \u2013 intensely beautiful, but the picture\u2019s meaning is always slightly out of reach. Le Tombeau de Couperin, written during World War I to memorialise friends who had been killed and in the period of his mother\u2019s decline and death, is very light-hearted, as though he wanted to wind back time.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, all his music is incredibly original: the timbres are used to enchant. He has the unusual skill, maybe not deliberately, of writing music that can be listened to with equal satisfaction by adults and children.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Ravel\" le=\"\" tombeau=\"\" de=\"\" couperin=\"\" orchestration=\"\" compl=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Wkt8T38aaMw?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/ravel-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Ravel<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/ravel-reviews\/&quot;\">\u00a0<strong>recordings here<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3\/>\n<h3>8<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/richard-wagner&quot;\"> Richard Wagner (1813-83):<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Composer of epic, large-scale operas; inventor of Gesamtkunstwerk<\/p>\n<p>Jonathan Dove says:<\/p>\n<p>The scale of <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/richard-wagner&quot;\">Wagner<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> imagination is overwhelming. The Ring in particular is an immense vision of a work that lasts more than 15 hours (plus intervals), and he had the tenacity and self-belief to spend 26 years writing it. He created spectacular musical imagery of unsurpassed vividness, and had a revolutionary approach to memory and time. Whether you find his music toxic or intoxicating, you can\u2019t ignore it.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-wagner\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Wagner<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-best-productions-wagners-tristan-und-isolde&quot;\"><strong>Six of the best productions of Wagner\u2019s Tristan\u00a0und Isolde<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/wagners-leitmotifs&quot;\">Wagner\u2019s Leitmotifs<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Metropolitan\" opera=\"\" orchestra=\"\" wagner:=\"\" ride=\"\" of=\"\" the=\"\" valkyries=\"\" ring=\"\" video=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xeRwBiu4wfQ?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/wagner-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Wagner recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>7<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/gustav-mahler&quot;\"> Gustav Mahler (1860-1911)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>His mighty Romantic symphonies embrace the whole of humanity<\/p>\n<p>David Matthews says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/gustav-mahler&quot;\">Mahler<\/a><\/strong> composed some of the greatest symphonies since <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/ludwig-van-beethoven&quot;\">Beethoven<\/a>,<\/strong> written with an astonishing command of all aspects of compositional technique.\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/gustav-mahler&quot;\">Mahler<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0was a Romantic, but he could not share\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/ludwig-van-beethoven&quot;\">Beethoven<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> early Romantic optimism; his is a modern approach, full of doubts and uncertainties yet hardly ever falling into despair. The search for meaning is never absent, and as well as its passionate striving,\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/gustav-mahler&quot;\">Mahler<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> music is often full of uninhibited joy. This is why I think it has such appeal in our own dark time.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/which-is-the-best-mahler-symphony\/&quot;\">Which is the best Mahler Symphony?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/guide-mahlers-first-symphony\/&quot;\"><strong>A guide to Mahler\u2019s Furst Symphony<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-mahlers-symphony-no-5\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Mahler\u2019s Symphony No. 5<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Mahler:\" piano=\"\" quartet=\"\" in=\"\" a=\"\" minor=\"\" for=\"\" violin=\"\" viola=\"\" and=\"\" cello=\"\" nicht...=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FvmCMhXZLCA?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/mahler-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Mahler recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>6<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/15-weirdest-works-classical-music&quot;\"> Gy\u00f6rgy Ligeti (1923-2006)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The Hungarian-Austrian avant-gardist and polyrhythmic pioneer<\/p>\n<p>John Casken says:<\/p>\n<p>Ligeti is a most intriguing composer, and one whose imagination is almost limitless. Along with Lutos\u0142awski in the 1960s, he showed us how to listen afresh to harmony and beguiled us with magical textures. He teases and plays with our expectations in a bizarre world of strange juxtapositions, tragi-comic extremes and deliberately faltering mechanisms.<\/p>\n<p>At one moment the music is within our grasp and the next it\u2019s out of reach. I love the joy and exuberance but, at the same time, the pathos and profundity of the Horn Trio, and the lamenting and ghostly ocarinas in the Piano Concerto are almost unbearable. His \u00c9tudes for Piano, meanwhile, seem to reflect something beyond human perception. Here, and in so many other ways, he touches on the very human question of \u2018what is real and what is not?\u2019.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/guide-ligetis-style\/&quot;\">A guide to Ligeti\u2019s style<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"'Trio\" for=\"\" violin=\"\" horn=\"\" piano=\"\" brahms=\"\" ii.=\"\" vivacissimo=\"\" molto=\"\" ritmico=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/W6HQ2Za75k0?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/ligeti-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Ligeti recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>5<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/claude-debussy&quot;\"> Claude Debussy (1862-1918)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Creator of lyrical melodies, poetic piano works and chamber music<\/p>\n<p>Jennifer Higdon says:<\/p>\n<p>Light and air imbue the spaces between the notes of Claude <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/claude-debussy&quot;\">Debussy<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> music. Even as a young child \u2013 long before I started down the path of music \u2013 his works would always bring me to a standstill. I was utterly fascinated by what felt like some sort of magic, descending on the air. Now, as someone who works in the same field, I am able to say that\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/claude-debussy&quot;\">Debussy<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong>\u00a0music sounds like a light breeze, leaving a gentle impression but with enough presence to still inspire me to stop and listen \u2013 the artistry of this \u2018rebel\u2019 composer still sounds fresh.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/guide-debussys-pr-lude-l-apr-s-midi-d-un-faune-1894\/&quot;\">A guide to Debussy\u2019s Pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 l\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi d\u2019un faune (1894)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/five-essential-works-debussy\/&quot;\">Five essential works by Debussy<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/story-debussy-s-pr-ludes-1909-13&quot;\">The story of Debussy\u2019s Pr\u00e9ludes (1909-13)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/best-recordings-debussys-images\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Debussy\u2019s\u00a0Images<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Debussy:\" suite=\"\" bergamasque=\"\" l.=\"\" iv.=\"\" passepied=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/O0GuQ1CNFa8?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/debussy-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Debussy recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>4<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/mozart&quot;\"> Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-91)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Prodigious and prolific, the Austrian composer defined the Classical era<\/p>\n<p>Augusta Read Thomas says:<\/p>\n<p>To me, <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/mozart&quot;\">Mozart<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> works have an inevitability that is pure and honest, humane, human, infinitely compelling, rich, sonorous and technically fabulous; his music is at times humorous, at times gut-wrenchingly moving. In many ways, the body of work that poured out of him in his brief 35 years of life feels like pure magic, and it\u2019s unbelievable how such a young man was able to assimilate the deepest riches of music and its possibilities.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/why-did-the-pope-award-mozart-a-papal-knighthood-and-the-order-of-the-golden-spur\/&quot;\">Why did the Pope award Mozart a Papal knighthood and the Order of the Golden Spur?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Yet his works are so fresh: he\u2019s not just understanding music history and regurgitating it \u2013 his works sound like him, even as his style developed and blossomed. And his influence on the subsequent history of music is utterly profound.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/five-essential-works-wa-mozart&quot;\"><strong>5 essential works by WA Mozart\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/10-mozart-works-you-might-not-know&quot;\">10 Mozart works you might not know<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/mozart-piano-concertos-best-recordings\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Mozart\u2019s Piano Concertos<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Mozart:\" great=\"\" mass=\"\" in=\"\" c=\"\" minor=\"\" k.=\"\" radio=\"\" philharmonic=\"\" orchestra=\"\" live=\"\" concert=\"\" hd=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ez0kqVShFEs?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/mozart-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Mozart recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>3<a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/ludwig-van-beethoven&quot;\"> Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Straddling Classical and Romanticism, his wide-ranging music dominated his era<\/p>\n<p>John Corigliano says:<\/p>\n<p>As a composer, my goal is to achieve the perfect balance between the visceral and the cerebral elements in my music. It is extremely important to me that the listener is drawn into the drama of my work, but equally important that there are many layers of material that can be discovered with repeated listening. There are many great composers that try to achieve this goal, and some come very close to it.<\/p>\n<p>There are also many great composers that have no interest in this delicate balance. But for me, <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/ludwig-van-beethoven&quot;\">Ludwig van Beethoven<\/a><\/strong> is the one composer that makes music so urgent that one is immediately drawn to it, so powerful that one can hardly resist it and yet so richly layered that one will never entirely plumb the depths of its wondrous constructions. There is no one like him.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/five-best-works-thea-musgrave\/&quot;\"><strong>Thea Musgrave<\/strong><\/a> says:<\/p>\n<p>For an example of what excites me about <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/ludwig-van-beethoven&quot;\">Beethoven<\/a>, take the last movement of his <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-beethovens-symphony-no-8\/&quot;\"><strong>Eighth Symphony<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong> It starts in F major then suddenly the music is interrupted with a startling and unexplained C sharp played forte. The music then resumes almost as if nothing has happened! The \u2018explanation\u2019 only comes in the coda several minutes later \u2013 a wonderful example of \u2018long-range\u2019 harmonic planning. This led me as a composer to think of even my non-programmatic music in dramatic narratives and gestures.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/6-best-beethovens-overlooked-works&quot;\">Six of the best overlooked Beethoven works<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/best-recordings-beethovens-symphonies&quot;\">The best recordings of Beethoven\u2019s Symphonies<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/10-great-beethoven-performers\/&quot;\">10 great Beethoven performers<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Beethoven:\" symphony=\"\" no.=\"\" in=\"\" f=\"\" major=\"\" op.=\"\" iv.=\"\" vivace=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6GGusNocb5M?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>You can read our<a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/beethoven-reviews\/&quot;\"> reviews of the latest Beethoven recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/igor-stravinsky&quot;\">2 Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Russian iconoclast whose integrated approach to art has stood the test of time<\/p>\n<p>Mark-Anthony Turnage says:<br\/>\nI suppose in many ways I\u2019m obsessed with Iggy (as Hans Werner Henze used to call him). Every note is so beautifully placed; nothing jars or is superfluous. It moves me, because like\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0it\u2019s so precise. I love the harmony, the Russian inflected melodies, the energy and brilliance.<\/p>\n<p>Whether it\u2019s the serene chords that move with the bass line at the end of Symphony of Psalms, the keening at the opening of Symphonies of Wind Instruments and everything in between, including the much maligned neo-classical works, it\u2019s all wonderful. As a composer he\u2019s there in my life, looming over me but never an overwhelming presence; always cheeky and encouraging. His music makes me so happy, especially on dark days. I love <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/igor-stravinsky&quot;\"><strong>Igor Stravinsky<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Edward Gregson says:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-stravinskys-rite-spring\/&quot;\">The Rite of Spring<\/a><\/strong><\/em> has proved to be the true birth of modernism, more than <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/arnold-schoenberg\/&quot;\">Schoenberg<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s music ever was. And, rather like Picasso, <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/igor-stravinsky&quot;\">Stravinsky<\/a><\/strong> constantly reinvented himself and his musical language, though his style remained constant \u2013 his 12-tone music sounds as <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/igor-stravinsky&quot;\">Stravinskian<\/a> as any of his earlier work. There are not many composers since who have not been influenced by his creative imagination. He is the godfather of 20th-century music.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-stravinskys-rite-spring\/&quot;\">The best recordings of Stravinsky\u2019s The Rite of Spring<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/what-happens-stravinskys-firebird&quot;\">What happens in Stravinsky\u2019s\u00a0The Firebird?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Symphony\" of=\"\" psalms=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/62_t7pUD4fo?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/stravinsky-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest Stravinsky recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>And the greatest composer ever is\u2026<\/h2>\n<p>Could the best composer in the world be anyone else other than JS Bach? <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Johann Sebastian Bach<\/a><\/strong> tops the list with music of breathtaking brilliance.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">1 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>All hail <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\"><strong>JS Bach<\/strong><\/a><strong>,<\/strong> whose spirit dwells in practically every note written since his death. With supreme contrapuntal skill, Bach sculpts music of perfect form and balance, bestowing it with an emotional power that\u00a0 has echoed through the centuries. From the aching beauty of the cello suites and the bewildering ambition of the keyboard works to the dramatic force of the <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-is-a-cantata\/&quot;\">cantatas<\/a><\/strong>, no one has, and could possibly, come close to <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\"><strong>Bach<\/strong>\u2018s<\/a>\u00a0genius<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/bach-beginners-recordings-help-you-discover-bach\/&quot;\">Bach for beginners: the recordings to help you discover Bach<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/why-did-bach-go-to-prison\/&quot;\">Why did Bach go to prison?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Steve Reich says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a><\/strong> to me is the greatest composer who ever lived, the genius who created the most beautiful counterpoint I have ever heard, plus the basic aria of the Goldberg Variations where I am reduced to tears. I first heard <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> Fifth <a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/best-recordings-js-bachs-brandenburg-concertos&quot;\"><strong>Brandenburg Concerto<\/strong><\/a> as a teenager in 1950, shortly after first hearing Stravinsky\u2019s The Rite of Spring. The two pieces set me on my way. As a student, along with everyone else,\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> four-part chorales were essential to my study of harmony.<\/p>\n<p>Much later, I studied his Cantata No. 4 while composing Tehillim. You can hear my indebtedness to <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> second movement when listening to my third. They both have call-and-response structure as well as different instrumental doubling of the voices to clarify the call from the response. More recently for me, the Fifth Brandenburg served as a model for the Concerto grosso, where several instruments are soloists \u2013 it prompted my Music for Ensemble and Orchestra where there are 22 soloists, all regular members of the <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-instruments-make-up-an-orchestra\/&quot;\">orchestra.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a class=\"&quot;standard-card-new__article-title&quot;\" href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-is-the-difference-between-a-concerto-and-a-symphony\/&quot;\">What is the difference between a concerto and a symphony?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Erkki-Sven T\u00fc\u00fcr says:<\/p>\n<p>It may be seen as almost a clich\u00e9 among music lovers to consider\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0a king of music, but for me it was an obvious choice. What strikes me most in\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> work is how thoroughly his music is structured in terms of mathematic precision. The beauty of its inner architecture reveals a kind of cosmologic order, a touch of the divine.<\/p>\n<p>I am amazed by the unbelievable synergy of the counterpoint and harmony and the way that the horizontal and vertical are linked into a coherent whole. On the other hand, without any specific knowledge of these technical aspects, the purely sonic result of his music touches the listener deeply in the most mysterious way.<\/p>\n<p>Unsuk Chin says:<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong> music displays great emotions and fiery temperament, while being the highest conceivable summit of composition as an intellectual art. It is a synthesis of past music and the creations of his own time as well as a bold vision of the future. Up to\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a>,<\/strong> musical works disappeared after a premiere or, at least, after a composer\u2019s death.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0was too grand to be ignored. Great musical minds as diverse as Beethoven, Chopin, the masters of jazz, <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/pierre-boulez&quot;\">Boulez<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 and countless others \u2013 are unthinkable without\u00a0<strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Bach<\/a>\u2019s<\/strong>\u00a0legacy. The avant-garde composer Mauricio Kagel famously quipped that \u2018not all musicians believe in God, but they all believe in <strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/js-bach&quot;\">Johann Sebastian Bach<\/a><\/strong>\u2019.<\/p>\n<ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/five-essential-works-js-bach&quot;\">5 essential works by JS Bach<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/best-recordings-js-bachs-well-tempered-clavier&quot;\">The best recordings of JS Bach\u2019s The Well Tempered Clavier<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"&quot;lazy&quot;\" title=\"&quot;Bach:\" brandenburg=\"\" concerto=\"\" no.=\"\" in=\"\" d=\"\" major=\"\" bwv=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/D1xaagpUGs4?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read our <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/js-bach-reviews\/&quot;\">reviews of the latest JS Bach reviews here<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By BBC Music Magazine Published: Tuesday, 31 May 2022 at 12:00 am Who do today\u2019s leading composers rate as the finest? We asked 174 of them that very question and here, in their own words, we present the fascinating results. The world\u2019s top ten orchestras 10 best choirs in the world Composers who died before [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":15870,"template":"","categories":[1,17],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"35"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/05\/the-50-greatest-composers-of-all-time.jpg",625,350,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/05\/the-50-greatest-composers-of-all-time-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/05\/the-50-greatest-composers-of-all-time-300x168.jpg",300,168,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/05\/the-50-greatest-composers-of-all-time.jpg",625,350,false],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/05\/the-50-greatest-composers-of-all-time.jpg",625,350,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/05\/the-50-greatest-composers-of-all-time.jpg",625,350,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/05\/the-50-greatest-composers-of-all-time.jpg",625,350,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By BBC Music Magazine Published: Tuesday, 31 May 2022 at 12:00 am Who do today\u2019s leading composers rate as the finest? We asked 174 of them that very question and here, in their own words, we present the fascinating results. The world\u2019s top ten orchestras 10 best choirs in the world Composers who died before&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/15869"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}