{"id":20370,"date":"2022-10-07T16:03:22","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T14:03:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/?p=173263"},"modified":"2022-10-07T16:24:11","modified_gmt":"2022-10-07T14:24:11","slug":"harrison-birtwistle-an-introduction","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/harrison-birtwistle-an-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Harrison Birtwistle: an introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Ivan Hewett\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Friday, 07 October 2022 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p><strong>When people want to praise a composer\u2019s music they often say \u2018it\u2019s instantly recognisable\u2019. But saying something is instantly recognisable is a back-handed compliment, because it\u2019s a quality that\u2019s actually not so hard to achieve. You just need to invent a few \u2018tricks\u2019 or mannerisms and repeat them endlessly.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Harrison Birtwistle\u2019s music is indeed instantly recognisable, but not because it\u2019s always the same. In fact the variety of his music is extraordinary. There\u2019s the muffled sadness of <em>Nenia: the Death of Orpheus<\/em>, where the three clarinets and piano move hesitantly in a perpetual twilight, tinged with the silvery sound of bells. There\u2019s the frightening power of his opera <em>The Minotaur<\/em>, where the thundering percussion and growling bass portray the power of the tormented, misunderstood beast, trapped in his labyrinth.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s the savage energy of <em>The Axe Manual<\/em>, where the pianist and percussionist caper in a dance of weirdly off-kilter rhythms. And there\u2019s the incredible complexity of the later orchestral works such as <em>Earth Dances<\/em>, where the layers of music evoke natural processes unfolding at their own different speeds.<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Harrison\" birtwistle=\"\" earth=\"\" dances=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AVnpktJtOms?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<h3>What does Harrison Birtwistle\u2019s music sound like?<\/h3>\n<p>So what it is that marks all these very different things out as belonging to Birtwistle and no-one else? Firstly, there\u2019s a special kind of logic, a way of thinking in musical notes. Birtwistle was often described as a modernist, and indeed he was in the sense that he turned his back on familiar harmonies and musical gestures, and set out to create a new musical language from scratch.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"><div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> <ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/harrison-birtwistle-the-best-recordings\/&quot;\">Harrison Birtwistle: the best recordings<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/harrison-birtwistle-1934-2022\/&quot;\">Harrison Birtwistle (1934-2022)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section><p>That immediately made him an outsider, because reinventing music from scratch was something English composers just didn\u2019t do. We left that to those dogmatic and forbidding Europeans, the \u2018Angry Young Men\u2019 who born ten years before Birtwistle: Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, Karlheinz Stockhausen. Birtwistle was undoubtedly inspired by them, just as he was inspired by modernists of earlier generations, above all Igor Stravinsky (the aloof, antique ritualism of Stravinsky\u2019s <em>Soldier\u2019s Tale<\/em> and <em>Agon<\/em> lie behind much of Birtwistle\u2019s music).<\/p>\n<h3>When and where was Harrison Birtwistle born?<\/h3>\n<p>Harrison Birtwistle was born on 15 July, 1934 in Accrington, Lancashire. His mother, Madge, who ran a bakery with his father Fred, encouraged him to take up the clarinet. That same year, within the space of just over three months, English composers <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/five-essential-works-elgar\/&quot;\"><strong>Edward Elgar<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/five-essential-works-holst\/&quot;\"><strong>Gustav Holst<\/strong><\/a> and Frederick Delius all died, at the respective ages of 76, 59 and 72.<\/p>\n<p>In 1952, Birtwistle won a scholarship to the Royal Manchester College of Music where, with fellow students including <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/sir-peter-maxwell-davies\/&quot;\"><strong>Peter Maxwell Davies<\/strong><\/a>, he founded the New Music Manchester group. That was also the year in which, on hearing the news that her father, George VI, has died, Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh returns to Britain from Kenya to be proclaimed Queen Elizabeth II.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"><div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> <ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/richard-morrison-who-will-join-purcell-elgar-and-britten-as-british-composing-greats\/&quot;\">Richard Morrison: Who will join Purcell, Elgar and Britten as British composing greats?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/what-was-the-manchester-school-and-which-composers-were-involved\/&quot;\">What was The Manchester School and which composers were involved?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Later, in 1975, Harrison Birtwistle was appointed music director of the National Theatre, where he would remain until 1983, writing music for, among others, Peter Hall\u2019s production of Aeschylus\u2019s <em>Oresteia<\/em>. The year 1986 saw the debut of Birtwistle\u2019s complex opera <em>The Mask of Orpheus.\u00a0<\/em>Scored for vast forces that required two conductors, the work was\u00a0met with great acclaim at its premiere at English National Opera.<\/p>\n<p>Birtwistle\u2019s music often met with strong reactions. In 1995, his aggressive <em>Panic<\/em> for saxophone, percussion and orchestra brought an explosion of complaints from the watching public when it is premiered at the <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-last-night-of-the-proms\/&quot;\"><strong>Last Night of the Proms<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"><div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> <ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/best-last-nights-of-the-proms\/&quot;\">Last Nights of the Proms: which have been the best?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/news\/marin-alsop-makes-history-last-night-proms\/&quot;\">Marin Alsop makes history at the Last Night of the Proms<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/how-do-you-programme-last-night-proms\/&quot;\">How do you programme the Last Night of the Proms?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section><h3>Who or what influenced Harrison Birtwistle\u2019s music?<\/h3>\n<p>It was a lonely path Birtwistle chose to follow, in an English musical establishment dominated in his formative years by Michael Tippett, <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/malcolm-arnold-the-best-recordings\/&quot;\"><strong>Malcolm Arnold<\/strong><\/a> and above all <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/best-britten\/&quot;\"><strong>Benjamin Britten<\/strong><\/a>. To gauge Birtwistle\u2019s distance from that world you only have to compare his first opera <em>Punch and Judy<\/em>, premiered in June 1968 at the festival co-founded by Britten, the Aldeburgh Festival, with Britten\u2019s own most recent opera, <em>A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream<\/em>. This is suffused with the gentle magic of Shakespeare\u2019s dream-play, limned in harp and percussion-drenched harmonies and rhapsodically modal melodies which stretch tonal harmony but never leave it.<\/p>\n<p>Birtwistle\u2019s opera, by contrast, is blisteringly violent, just like the seaside puppet show, and much of the music is shriekingly loud and dissonant. It is said that Britten visited a rehearsal of it and strode out in disgust, though people close to him deny it.<\/p>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=281%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=281%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=334%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=334%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=380%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=380%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=522%2C369,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=522%2C369,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=584%2C413,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=584%2C413,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=383%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=383%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=523%2C370,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=523%2C370,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-160390\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/11\/harrison-birtwistle-30c87ab.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=584%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> Harrison Birtwistle \u2018set out to create a new musical language from scratch\u2019. Pic: Suzanne Kreiter \/ The Boston Globe via Getty Images<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<p>However, at another level Britten and Birtwistle shared a very English characteristic, which was a suspicion of system. Just as Britten never really engaged with the \u201812-note\u2019 method invented by Schoenberg, Birtwistle never embraced the fearsomely intellectual systematising of those European avant-gardistes. He was baffled by the complicated form-schemes Stockhausen used to draw before starting to compose, because for him composing was a journey into the unknown. \u2018I like to be surprised by what I\u2019m composing,\u2019 he would say, and his music, true to that impulse, is full of surprise.<\/p>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=265%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=265%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=315%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=315%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=359%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=359%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=492%2C369,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=492%2C369,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=551%2C413,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=551%2C413,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=361%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=361%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=494%2C370,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=494%2C370,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-151734\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/24\/2021\/04\/GettyImages-2638414-d8fb79e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=551%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> Benjamin Britten, whose music shares some traits with Birtwistle\u2019s \u2013 including a suspicion of system. Pic: Denis De Marney\/Hulton Archive\/Getty Images)<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<h3>Who does Birtwistle\u2019s music sound like?<\/h3>\n<p>In that respect, Birtwistle stands apart from the European modernists. What unites him with them is his determination to find a new way to compose, which he did not through \u2018system\u2019 but by focusing on the primordial stuff of music: pulse, the single note, repetition, contrast. Sometimes his exploration of these things was done in the simplest possible way, as in the <em>Duets for Storab<\/em> for two flutes, which begins with repetitions of the same note, shared between the two flutes.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes it was taken to a fantastical degree of complication, as in <em>Silbury Air<\/em>, named after the huge man-made Neolithic hill in Wiltshire. The music launches off on E above middle C \u2013Birtwistle\u2019s favourite note \u2013 expressed in pulses moving at different speeds, all layered one above another. So much energy is accumulated that the music bursts out of its one-note prison, and soon we\u2019re immersed in a helter-skelter of many-layered activity, in which the ear gets pleasurably lost.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"><div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> <ul><li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/best-english-composers\/&quot;\">The best English composers<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section><p>The focus on simple materials means Birtwistle\u2019s music never sounds abstract; it is always earthily concrete. And simplicity does not in any way imply crudity. It\u2019s true that Birtwistle\u2019s earlier works of the 1950s and \u201960s, where he is struggling to find himself, are not always perfectly heard. Over the years his ear for harmony and balance became much more acute, and though his music never uses conventional harmonies and is never in a \u2018key\u2019 the weight and colour of the harmonies is a vital factor in propelling the music\u2019s narrative.<\/p>\n<p>Take, for instance, the <em>Ritual Fragment<\/em> Birtwistle composed to the memory of Michael Viner, the director of the London Sinfonietta who had been an early champion of his music. The quiet opening chord has a Stravinskian quality of tense repose, which is soon obliterated by a louder chord in the winds and brass and then \u2013 emerging through the aural fog \u2013 the solemn tread of a third harmony in the piano, which grows and grows. Each is similar to the other, but interestingly different in a way that animates the solemn ritual of the music.<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Birtwistle:\" ritual=\"\" fragment=\"\" for=\"\" ensemble=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7MYc6yjXArg?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<h3>What are the themes in Birtwistle\u2019s music?<\/h3>\n<p>Ritual is a recurring theme in Birtwistle\u2019s music, evoked by subtle designs of symmetry and repetition, which suggests the inscrutable mysteries embodied in some unknown ceremony. You feel it in the stark pattern-making of <em>Verses for Ensembles<\/em> and <em>Tragoedia<\/em> (which provided the musical basis for <em>Punch and Judy<\/em>) and in certain quiet, gentle miniatures such as <em>Dinah and Nick\u2019s Love Song<\/em>, composed to celebrate one very familiar form of ritual, namely a wedding.<\/p>\n<p>Ritual is an aspect of the other thing that makes Birtwistle\u2019s music instantly recognisable, namely that it delineates a whole expressive world. What makes it a world rather than just a set of personal enthusiasms is that we feel these elements are connected, at a very deep level. Take Birtwistle\u2019s fondness for nature, revealed in the fact that he chose to live most of his life in remote rural locations, firstly on the Scottish island of Raasay, then in central France, and finally in Wiltshire. The natural world is marked by cycles of recurrence, and one feels their presence in his music, most memorably in the opera <em>Gawain and the Green Knight<\/em>, which contains a huge five-fold \u2018Cycle of the Seasons\u2019. Interleaved with it is another cycle of lullabies, hunting scenes and seductions.<\/p>\n<h3>Where did get Birtwistle get his storylines from?<\/h3>\n<p>That second cycle leads us back towards ritual. Nature and ritual in Birtwistle are two sides of the same coin of fatefulness, a sense of \u2018this is how things must be\u2019. The inescapability of fate surely accounts for the pervasive melancholy of much of Birtwistle\u2019s music, expressed most powerfully in his <em>Melencolia I<\/em>, a clarinet concerto in all but name, and his first orchestral masterwork <em>The Triumph of Time<\/em>. The power of fate is a pre-eminent theme in folk-tale and myth, and it\u2019s no accident that Birtwistle\u2019s music is saturated in these things.<\/p>\n<p>His favourite myth was undoubtedly the Orpheus myth, which gave birth to three pieces, including his single biggest achievement, the opera <em>The Mask of Orpheus<\/em>, premiered at English National Opera in 1986. But he also loved English sources, and loved to point out how symbols of England\u2019s pagan past such as the Green Man survived well into the Christian era. Myths are often full of violence of a very male kind, which Birtwistle\u2019s music expresses sometimes with the most spare and economical means, as in <em>Bow Down<\/em> \u2013 a retelling of the gruesome tale of the Two Sisters both in love with the same man \u2013 or with overwhelming force, as in <em>Gawain and the Green Knight<\/em>.<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Harrison\" birtwistle:=\"\" gawain=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PeJWNhDiwOs?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<p>But what of Birtwistle\u2019s refusal to plan his music in advance and his desire to be surprised by the act of composing? Doesn\u2019t that contradict the idea of fatefulness? Not at all. Accident and interruption can themselves take on a feeling of inevitability, and lending them that quality is precisely Birtwistle\u2019s aim. \u2018A continuity that is ruptured\u2019 is how he described his music, and again and again one encounters a slowly unfolding continuity riven by something alien and unappeasable, which is gradually woven into the music. Accident becomes fate.<\/p>\n<p>Birtwistle\u2019s world is an inspiring one, but there\u2019s no denying it is utterly remote from contemporary musical culture. The complete absence of \u2018relevance\u2019 in his operas, together with the emphatically male quality of the music, its pervasive melancholy and utter refusal to fall in with the contemporary demand to be \u2018accessible\u2019 means that it is now bound to be a minority taste. But for those with the patience and curiosity to venture into Birtwistle\u2019s world, he offers something almost unique; a sense of being in touch with the primordial essence of music.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"><div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> <h3>Harrison Birtwistle\u2019s style<\/h3>\n<p>What things can we listen out for in Birtwistle\u2019s music? Here are a few key elements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pulse:<\/strong>\u00a0Birtwistle was fascinated by the way the remorseless ticking of real time can be contradicted by musical time. Several pieces juxtapose them directly, such as <em>Harrison\u2019s Clocks<\/em>, a set of virtuoso pieces composed for pianist Joanna MacGregor, and the fifth of the 26 <em>Orpheus Elegies<\/em>, which actually contains a part for metronome.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Landscape:<\/strong> Birtwistle\u2019s fascination with \u2018ruptured continuities\u2019 found a natural outlet in the idea of a landscape that is spoiled by intrusions, things that don\u2019t belong. The most powerful expression of that idea is <em>The Triumph of Time<\/em>, inspired by Bruegel\u2019s image of a ravaged landscape with Time riding in a cart.<\/p>\n<p><strong>English folk tales:<\/strong> These are a constant presence in his music, from the early, obstreperous <em>Punch and Judy<\/em>, through to the quiet but violent <em>Bow Down<\/em>, the comic \u2018dramatic pastoral\u2019 <em>Down by the Greenwood Side<\/em>, and <em>Yan Tan Tethera<\/em>, a \u2018mechanical pastoral\u2019 whose title refers to numbers used by North-country shepherds to count sheep.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verse and refrain:<\/strong> Alongside ritual and the cycles of nature one finds another sort of pattern-making, inspired by the literary idea of alternating verses and refrains. The most obvious examples are the early <em>Refrains and Choruses<\/em> and <em>Verses for Ensembles<\/em>, but there are echoes in the numerous later song cycles such as <em>Pulse Shadows<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p><\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Ivan Hewett Published: Friday, 07 October 2022 at 12:00 am When people want to praise a composer\u2019s music they often say \u2018it\u2019s instantly recognisable\u2019. But saying something is instantly recognisable is a back-handed compliment, because it\u2019s a quality that\u2019s actually not so hard to achieve. You just need to invent a few \u2018tricks\u2019 or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":20371,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"10"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/10\/harrison-birtwistle-an-introduction.jpg",625,486,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/10\/harrison-birtwistle-an-introduction-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/10\/harrison-birtwistle-an-introduction-300x233.jpg",300,233,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/10\/harrison-birtwistle-an-introduction.jpg",625,486,false],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/10\/harrison-birtwistle-an-introduction.jpg",625,486,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/10\/harrison-birtwistle-an-introduction.jpg",625,486,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2022\/10\/harrison-birtwistle-an-introduction.jpg",625,486,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Ivan Hewett Published: Friday, 07 October 2022 at 12:00 am When people want to praise a composer\u2019s music they often say \u2018it\u2019s instantly recognisable\u2019. But saying something is instantly recognisable is a back-handed compliment, because it\u2019s a quality that\u2019s actually not so hard to achieve. You just need to invent a few \u2018tricks\u2019 or&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/20370"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}