{"id":30668,"date":"2023-07-26T12:06:55","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T10:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/?p=186904"},"modified":"2023-07-26T12:40:05","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T10:40:05","slug":"who-were-the-mighty-handful-a-guide-to-the-five-a-group-of-19th-century-influential-russian-composers","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/who-were-the-mighty-handful-a-guide-to-the-five-a-group-of-19th-century-influential-russian-composers\/","title":{"rendered":"Who were The Mighty Handful? A guide to The Five, a group of 19th century influential Russian composers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"> Jeremy Pound introduces the influential group of 19th-century Russian composers also known as The Five. <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Jeremy Pound\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">2023-07-26 10:06:55<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body> <p><strong>The Mighty Handful was a group of <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/best-russian-composers\/&quot;\">Russian composers<\/a> who, led by Mily Balakirev, sought to create a distinctly Russian style of classical music.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Based in St Petersburg, the five composers worked closely together from the late 1850s to around 1870. Largely self-taught, they represented a source of opposition to the conservatories recently founded in Moscow and St Petersburg, which some felt were confined by German tradition.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"> <div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> \n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/russian-folk-songs\/&quot;\">Russian folk songs: 10 of the best<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/six-best-russian-orchestral-works\/&quot;\">Six of the best Russian orchestral works<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/best-russian-conductors\/&quot;\">14 best Russian conductors: the greatest maestros from the last 150 years<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section> <h2>How did they become known as The Mighty Handful?<\/h2>\n<p>Their distinctive name was not self-adopted but came from a sentence in critic Vladimir Stasov\u2019s review of a concert in Moscow on 24 May 1867, in which music by four of the composers was featured: \u2018May God grant that [the audience retains] for ever a memory of how much poetry, feeling, talent and ability is possessed by the small but already mighty handful\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>The group is often also known as \u2018The Five\u2019, a term first used in a letter from Balakirev to Tchaikovsky in 1870. (Although influenced by the group, <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/pyotr-ilyich-tchaikovsky\/&quot;\">Tchaikovsky<\/a><\/strong> himself was always insistent on not being too closely associated with it.)<\/p>\n<p>In that same year, shortly before the group went their separate ways, four of them \u2013 Borodin, Musorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov and Cui \u2013 began work on a collaborative opera called <em>Mlada<\/em>, but it was never completed.<\/p>\n<h2>Who were the five members of The Mighty Handful?<\/h2>\n<h3>Mily Balakirev (1837-1910)<\/h3>\n<p>The <em>de facto<\/em> founder of the group, <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/mily-balakirev\/&quot;\">Balakirev<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s legacy perhaps lies more in his ability to inspire and influence others than his own compositions. As a close acquaintance of Glinka (1804-57), the \u2018father of Russian music\u2019, he determined to carry on the older composer\u2019s good work, and it was alongside Vladimir Stasov that he gathered together like-minded composers for that purpose.<\/p>\n<p>A brilliant pianist himself, much of his best known music is for that instrument, including 1869\u2019s <em>Islamey<\/em>, widely regarded as one of the most fiendishly difficult works in the entire repertoire. In 1872, he suffered a nervous breakdown and withdrew himself completely from the musical world, returning only slowly over the following years.<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Balakirev\" islamey=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YXPeZUZkRuc?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" web-share=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<h3>Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908)<\/h3>\n<p>Like Balakirev, <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/nikolay-rimsky-korsakov\/&quot;\">Rimsky-Korsakov<\/a><\/strong> was renowned for his steadfast support and encouragement of fellow composers, not least as a much-loved professor at the St Petersburg Conservatory from 1871 onwards \u2013 of the five members of The Mighty Handful, he was the least at odds with the conservatories\u2019 teaching, and his acceptance of the post met without any great disapproval.<\/p>\n<p>His own works include the hugely popular <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/east-inspired-music-scheherazade\/&quot;\"><em>Scheherazade<\/em><\/a><\/strong> (1888) for orchestra and operas such as <em>The Tale of Tsar Saltan<\/em> (including the famous \u2018Flight of the Bumblebee\u2019) and the snappily titled <em>The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya<\/em>, and he also played a significant role in arranging, editing and championing the music of fellow Mighty Handful member Musorgsky (see below) after the latter\u2019s death in 1881.<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Flight\" of=\"\" the=\"\" bumblebee=\"\" rimsky-korsakov=\"\" rachmaninoff=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/M93qXQWaBdE?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" web-share=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<h3>Modest Musorgsky (1839-81)<\/h3>\n<p>Ilya Repin\u2019s famous portrait of a dishevelled, red-eyed Musorgsky, painted just days before the composer\u2019s death, tells its own story.<\/p>\n<p>Only years previously, <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/modest-musorgsky\/&quot;\">Musorgsky<\/a><\/strong> had been at the peak of his powers, writing his opera <em>Boris Godunov<\/em>, based on <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/alexander-pushkin\/&quot;\">Pushkin<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s story about the early-17th-century Tsar, but now his descent into alcoholism had taken its toll. Musorgsky first came to the attention of Borodin (see below) when in the army, and then had been further guided along his musical path by Balakirev and fellow composer Alexander Dargomyzhsky.<\/p>\n<p>It was Balakirev again, however, who later refused to conduct Musorgsky\u2019s <em>Night on The Bare Mountain<\/em>, which would remain unperformed during his lifetime. Perhaps his most famous work, meanwhile, was 1874\u2019s <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/pictures-at-an-exhibition-musorgsky-guide-best-recordings\/&quot;\"><em>Pictures at an Exhibition<\/em><\/a><\/strong>, composed in memory his friend, the artist Viktor Hartmann \u2013 originally written for solo piano, today it is equally famous in Ravel\u2019s orchestrated version of 1922.<\/p>\n<h3>Alexander Borodin (1833-87)<\/h3>\n<p>For <strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/alexander-borodin\/&quot;\">Borodin<\/a><\/strong>, composing came as a secondary occupation to his daytime job as a distinguished professor of chemistry, renowned particularly for his work on aldehydes \u2013 his published research on the subject would prove highly important.<\/p>\n<p>All the more impressive, then, that he found time to compose a body of work that includes, among other things, two fine symphonies (a third was left incomplete) and the opera <em>Prince Igor<\/em> (also unfinished, but later completed by Rimsky-Korsakov), which contains the well-known Polovtsian Dances.<\/p>\n<p>His penchant for writing string quartets, meanwhile, incurred the displeasure of the other members of the Mighty Handful, who were largely sceptical of<a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-chamber-music\/&quot;\"><strong> chamber music<\/strong><\/a>. He died of a heart attack at a party in February 1887.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e9sar Cui (1835-1918)<\/h3>\n<p>Cui, like Borodin, was a composer in his spare time, as he served as an engineer-general in the Russian Imperial Army. Much of his earlier efforts were focused on writing operas, including 1868\u2019s <em>William Ratcliff<\/em>, but he would gravitate towards chamber music following the disintegration of The Five.<\/p>\n<p>He was also a respected critic who was not afraid to send scathing words in the direction of his own colleagues \u2013 the premiere of Musorgsky\u2019s <em>Boris Godunov<\/em>, for instance, was given particularly harsh treatment. Of the five members of The Mighty Handful, he is the least well known today.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"> <div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> \n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/50-greatest-composers-all-time\/&quot;\">The 50 Greatest Composers of All Time<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/composers-who-hated-each-other\/&quot;\">15 composers who hated each other<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Jeremy Pound introduces the influential group of 19th-century Russian composers also known as The Five. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":30669,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"5"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/07\/who-were-the-mighty-handful-a-guide-to-the-five-a-group-of-19th-century-influential-russian-composers.jpg",1451,2274,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/07\/who-were-the-mighty-handful-a-guide-to-the-five-a-group-of-19th-century-influential-russian-composers-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/07\/who-were-the-mighty-handful-a-guide-to-the-five-a-group-of-19th-century-influential-russian-composers-191x300.jpg",191,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/07\/who-were-the-mighty-handful-a-guide-to-the-five-a-group-of-19th-century-influential-russian-composers-768x1204.jpg",768,1204,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/07\/who-were-the-mighty-handful-a-guide-to-the-five-a-group-of-19th-century-influential-russian-composers-653x1024.jpg",653,1024,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/07\/who-were-the-mighty-handful-a-guide-to-the-five-a-group-of-19th-century-influential-russian-composers-980x1536.jpg",980,1536,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/07\/who-were-the-mighty-handful-a-guide-to-the-five-a-group-of-19th-century-influential-russian-composers-1307x2048.jpg",1307,2048,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Jeremy Pound introduces the influential group of 19th-century Russian composers also known as The Five.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/30668"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}