{"id":37102,"date":"2023-12-20T17:54:11","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T16:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/30500ae6-24d5-4577-9a71-25e7ce048af1"},"modified":"2023-12-20T18:41:10","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T17:41:10","slug":"felix-mendelssohn-effortlessly-gifted-romantic","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/felix-mendelssohn-effortlessly-gifted-romantic\/","title":{"rendered":"Felix Mendelssohn: effortlessly gifted Romantic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By BBC Music Magazine\n      <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Wednesday, 20 December 2023 at 16:54 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>Here is an introduction to the life and work of that supremely talented early <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/best-romantic-composers\">Romantic composer<\/a><\/strong>, Felix Mendelssohn, whose facility for melody and drama can be matched by few composers. <\/p><h2 id=\"h-who-was-felix-mendelssohn\">Who was Felix Mendelssohn?<\/h2><p>Felix Mendelssohn was the most precocious musical genius of all time, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/mozart\/\">Mozart<\/a><\/strong> included. In 1821, at the age of 12, he astonished Goethe and his circle in Weimar with his keyboard prowess. In Berlin he entranced all with performances of his string symphonies, concertos and chamber works. <\/p><p>By his 15th birthday his old teacher Carl Friedrich Zelter proclaimed the boy a member of the brotherhood of<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/johann-sebastian-bach\/\"> Bach<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/joseph-haydn\/\">Haydn<\/a><\/strong> and Mozart. Before he was 16 the \u2018master\u2019 had already composed the brilliant B minor Piano Quartet, with its fleet, feathery scherzo \u2013 the first example of a genre Mendelssohn was to make his own.<\/p><h2 id=\"h-when-was-mendelssohn-born\">When was Mendelssohn born?<\/h2><p>Felix Mendelssohn was born on 3 February 1809 in Hamburg, Germany. His father Abraham Mendelssohn was a banker, and son of the prominent German-Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.<\/p><h2 id=\"h-who-was-fanny-mendelssohn\">Who was Fanny Mendelssohn?<\/h2><p>Mendelssohn was the second of four children. His older sister, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/fanny-mendelssohn-5\">Fanny Mendelssohn<\/a><\/strong>, showed similar musical talents and also became a gifted composer. The two siblings were very close throughout their rather short lifetimes.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/introduction-fanny-mendelssohn\">An introduction to Fanny Mendelssohn<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/six-best-works-fanny-mendelssohn\">Six of the best: Fanny Mendelssohn works<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h2 id=\"h-how-old-was-mendelssohn-when-he-wrote-the-octet\">How old was Mendelssohn when he wrote the Octet?<\/h2><p>Hard on the heels of the Piano Quartet, in late 1825, came the miracle of the Octet. Where Mozart at 16 was a supreme musical mimic, Mendelssohn was already something else: a composer whose genius for memorable themes and dazzlingly original textures went hand-in-hand with a breathtaking command of large-scale structure.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe title=\"Mendelssohn: Octet in E-flat major, Op. 20 - Janine Jansen - International Chamber Music Festival HD\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Vw1kcQ-QbZw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>Within a year of the Octet, Mendelssohn composed the <em>Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream <\/em>Overture, astonishing both for its sophistication and the almost impressionistic subtlety of its orchestration. At the age of 17 Mendelssohn had arrived.<\/p><p>From then on he barely looked back. During his short life Mendelssohn was hailed both as a progressive Romantic and as the true heir to the great Baroque and Classical traditions. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/robert-schumann\">Schumann<\/a><\/strong> dubbed him \u2018the Mozart of the 19th century\u2019; to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/franz-liszt\">Liszt<\/a><\/strong>, who waxed lyrical over the Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream Overture, Mendelssohn was \u2018Bach reborn\u2019. <\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/hector-berlioz\">Berlioz<\/a><\/strong>, whom he met in Rome in 1831, called him \u2018enormously, extraordinarily, superbly, prodigiously talented\u2019. After the Birmingham premiere of <em>Elijah<\/em> in 1846, <em>The Times<\/em> wrote of \u2018one of the most extraordinary achievements of human intelligence\u2019.<\/p><h2 id=\"h-what-did-wagner-say-about-mendelssohn\">What did Wagner say about Mendelssohn?<\/h2><p>Then the reaction set in. Mendelssohn\u2019s music gradually came to seem tame to an age intoxicated by the extravagance and eroticism of Liszt and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/richard-wagner\">Wagner<\/a><\/strong>. Some musicians, notably <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/johannes-brahms\">Brahms<\/a><\/strong>, continued to revere Mendelssohn, but for those who aligned themselves with the progressive camp he was a reactionary figure who never advanced beyond the fairy world of his teens. <\/p><p>Wagner denounced his \u2018complex artificialities\u2019. That arch-Wagnerian and enemy of the establishment George Bernard Shaw attacked <em>St Paul<\/em> and <em>Elijah<\/em> for their \u2018dreary fugue manufacture\u2026 Sunday school sentimentalities and music school ornamentalities\u2019. Wagner-fuelled hostility to the Jewish Mendelssohn reached its nadir under the Nazis, who banned his music and destroyed his statue in Leipzig.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/4-jewish-composers-suppressed-by-nazism-and-the-third-reich\">Four Jewish composers suppressed by Nazism<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Mendelssohn\u2019s stock has risen again as listeners have sought respite from the emotional world of late Romanticism. Yet he is still treated with faint condescension. True, his output was uneven \u2013 but then so was Schumann\u2019s, let alone Liszt\u2019s. <\/p><h2 id=\"h-what-is-mendelssohn-s-music-like\">What is Mendelssohn&#8217;s music like?<\/h2><p>Familiar charges against Mendelssohn\u2019s music \u2013 comfortable, four-square rhythms (the would-be triumphant finale of the <em>Reformation<\/em> Symphony), melodies that exude either a Biedermeier cosiness or a Victorian pomposity \u2013 cannot be ignored altogether. But even the oratorios and psalm settings, often dismissed as pseudo-religious bombast, contain many inspired pages.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe title=\"Mendelssohn: Christus, Op.97 - Radio Philharmonic Orchestra &amp; Netherlands Radio Choir - Live HD\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6kD12-ieBBE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>From his boyhood Mendelssohn\u2019s devotion to the music of Bach was unswerving. His training under Zelter in the music of Bach, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/george-frideric-handel\">Handel<\/a><\/strong>, Haydn and Mozart gave him a mastery of contrapuntal techniques and sonata style. In his mid- and late teens his studies of the latest works of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/ludwig-van-beethoven\">Beethoven<\/a><\/strong> bore astonishing fruit. And in 1829, at the age of 20, he mounted his pioneering performances of the Bach <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/guide-js-bach-st-matthew-passion-best-recordings\">St Matthew Passion<\/a><\/strong><\/em> in Berlin.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/how-mendelssohn-helped-bring-bachs-st-matthew-passion-back-to-life\">How Mendelssohn helped bring Bach&#8217;s St Matthew Passion back to life<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"h-the-inventor-of-the-scherzo\">The inventor of the scherzo<\/h3><p>Mendelssohn has, of course, always been famous as the virtual inventor of the flickering, elfin <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-scherzo\/\">scherzo<\/a><\/strong>. And throughout his life he continued to draw new meanings from his trademark \u2018fairy music\u2019. Sometimes, as in the songs \u2018Neue Liebe\u2019 (New Love) and \u2018Hexenlied\u2019 (Witches\u2019 Song), the airiness acquires menace; sometimes, as in the String Quartet in E flat, Op. 44\/3, the gossamer scherzo becomes a tense sonata drama, developed with all Mendelssohn\u2019s contrapuntal mastery. <\/p><p>Elsewhere, as in the D major Quartet, Op. 44\/1, he writes a wistful <em>scherzando<\/em>-style piece in moderate tempo \u2013 perhaps with a backward glance to the <em>Allegretto<\/em> of Beethoven\u2019s Eighth Symphony, a favourite work of Mendelssohn\u2019s.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe title=\"Felix Mendelssohn, String Quartet No. 3 Op. 44 No. 1, Artemis Quartet\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fU__3xoGhKw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>Along with the overtures, the Violin Concerto (undoubtedly one of the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/best-violin-concertos-of-all-time\">greatest violin concertos of all time<\/a><\/strong>) and the <em>Italian<\/em> and <em>Scottish<\/em> Symphonies, it is in the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-chamber-music\">chamber music<\/a><\/strong> that we find Mendelssohn\u2019s most characteristic reinterpretations of Classical <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/discovering-music-sonata-form\">sonata form<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/why-was-scotland-so-important-for-mendelssohn\">Why was Scotland so important for Mendelssohn?<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/six-best-classical-works-about-scotland\">Six of the best: classical works about Scotland<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"h-mendelssohn-string-quartets\">Mendelssohn String Quartets<\/h3><p>The subtly managed recall of the Octet\u2019s <em>scherzo<\/em> in the finale may have been prompted by the finale of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-beethovens-symphony-no-5\">Beethoven\u2019s Fifth Symphony<\/a><\/strong>. Two years later, in the A minor String Quartet, Mendelssohn responded to the challenge of Beethoven\u2019s Late Quartets and in the process forged a structure of revolutionary originality. <\/p><p>He takes as a starting point one of his own songs, \u2018Frage\u2019 (Question), which influences all the thematic material. The main <em>Allegro vivace<\/em> of the first movement recreates the melodic outlines of Beethoven\u2019s Op. 132, with a restless urgency all his own.<\/p><p>As with the A minor, there are cyclic tendencies at work in the E flat Quartet, Op. 12, where the passionate finale effortlessly absorbs a theme from the first movement before closing \u2013 in a typical nostalgic recollection \u2013 with music from the first-movement coda. <\/p><p>By the time of the still undervalued Op. 44 quartets, however, Mendelssohn had become less interested in cyclic unity. And in his last quartet of all, the F minor, Op. 80, he often sacrificed his usual textural finesse in favour of rough, quasi-orchestral sonorities. Written in his last months, under the shattering impact of his sister Fanny\u2019s death, the F minor Quartet has a violence and bitterness unmatched in his output, giving the lie to the facile, oft-repeated notion that Mendelssohn\u2019s genius declined in later years.<\/p><h2 id=\"h-when-did-mendelssohn-die\">When did Mendelssohn die?<\/h2><p>In his thirties, Mendelssohn suffered from poor health. It&#8217;s likely that overwork and nervous exhaustion both contributed. One major factor in his decline, though, was the death of his beloved sister Fanny, on 14 May 1847. <\/p><p>The composer died later that same year, on 4 November 1847, at the age of just 38.<\/p><p><em>Richard Wigmore<\/em><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By BBC Music Magazine Published: Wednesday, 20 December 2023 at 16:54 PM Here is an introduction to the life and work of that supremely talented early Romantic composer, Felix Mendelssohn, whose facility for melody and drama can be matched by few composers. Who was Felix Mendelssohn? Felix Mendelssohn was the most precocious musical genius of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":37103,"template":"","categories":[1,17],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"6"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/12\/felix-mendelssohn-effortlessly-gifted-romantic.png",886,720,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/12\/felix-mendelssohn-effortlessly-gifted-romantic-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/12\/felix-mendelssohn-effortlessly-gifted-romantic-300x244.png",300,244,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/12\/felix-mendelssohn-effortlessly-gifted-romantic-768x624.png",768,624,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/12\/felix-mendelssohn-effortlessly-gifted-romantic.png",800,650,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/12\/felix-mendelssohn-effortlessly-gifted-romantic.png",886,720,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2023\/12\/felix-mendelssohn-effortlessly-gifted-romantic.png",886,720,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By BBC Music Magazine Published: Wednesday, 20 December 2023 at 16:54 PM Here is an introduction to the life and work of that supremely talented early Romantic composer, Felix Mendelssohn, whose facility for melody and drama can be matched by few composers. Who was Felix Mendelssohn? Felix Mendelssohn was the most precocious musical genius of&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/37102"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}