{"id":43696,"date":"2024-05-29T17:02:23","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T15:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/457722cf-42bb-4a5f-abc9-2be0a4256e83"},"modified":"2024-05-29T17:36:13","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T15:36:13","slug":"kronos-quartet-the-american-string-quartet-celebrating-50-years-of-sonic-adventures","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/kronos-quartet-the-american-string-quartet-celebrating-50-years-of-sonic-adventures\/","title":{"rendered":"Kronos Quartet: the American string quartet celebrating 50 years of sonic adventures"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Wednesday, 29 May 2024 at 15:02 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>I\u2019m at a soundcheck for the Kronos Quartet in the recently re-opened Beacon Hall in Bristol. The quartet aren\u2019t actually playing their instruments, but tapping water bottles with soft xylophone sticks. Leader David Harrington has a black bottle, cellist Paul Wiancko a pink one, viola player Hank Dutt a blue one and whatever second violinist John Sherba is hitting&#8230; I can\u2019t see what, because it\u2019s hidden by his iPad. <\/p><p>It\u2019s about getting the bottles at the right angles and hitting them in the most sonorous place. The piece is called \u2018Water\u2019, by Seattle-based composer and climate-change activist Gabriella Smith. It\u2019s a movement from <em>Keep Going<\/em>, written for the Kronos\u2019s 50th anniversary, and begins with a recording of trickling water followed by the tapping water bottles, the sound of rice inside a violin and the rattling of seeds in packets.\u00a0<\/p><p>Kronos\u2019s Bristol concert includes music by composers from the US, Iceland, Benin and Serbia, and traditional music from Iran. Needless to say, it\u2019s like no other <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-string-quartet\">string quartet<\/a><\/strong> concert and references different styles and genres of music from all over the world. But that\u2019s how the Kronos have revolutionised what we think of as a string quartet. They\u2019ve commissioned over 1,100 pieces and sold over 4 million recordings.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"KRONOS Five Decades\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yMaZP4eRqOM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-who-are-the-kronos-quartet\">Who are the Kronos Quartet?<\/h2><p>For their 50th anniversary year, Kronos have been giving concerts all around the world, picking out particular repertoire for appropriate places. In New York their onstage guests included American vocalist Laurie Anderson, bluegrass fiddler Jake Blount and Inuit singer Tanya Tagaq. <\/p><p>Meanwhile, in London, there was the glorious Javanese singer Peni Candra Rini and <em>djemb\u00e9<\/em> drum player Yahael Camara Onono. Their concerts bring together three ingredients: a musical activism in support of human rights and climate action; an omnivorous curiosity for music from all over the world; and a long-standing dedication to American minimalist composers like Terry Riley, Philip Glass and Steve Reich.\u00a0<\/p><p>Harrington took up the violin aged nine. When he started playing quartets in his early teens in Seattle, he was puzzled that all the music\u00a0 came from in and around Vienna \u2013 essentially by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert. \u2018Even back then I found myself thinking there\u2019s something missing here,\u2019 he remembers.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-did-the-quartet-form\">How did the quartet form?<\/h2><p>It was hearing <em>Black Angels<\/em> for electrified string quartet by the American avant-garde composer <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/george-crumbs-best-works-explore-the-experimental-composer-through-the-finest-recordings-of-his-music\">George Crumb<\/a><\/strong>, broadcast on the radio in 1973, that made Harrington decide he wanted to form a quartet. \u2018I knew I had to start a group in order to play that piece,\u2019 he says.\u00a0<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/best-american-composers-ever\">The 25 best American composers of all time<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Black Angels<\/em> was composed in reaction to the Vietnam War. \u2018Things were turned upside down. There were terrifying things in the air\u2026 they found their way into <em>Black Angels<\/em>,\u2019 said Crumb. The music is full of screaming, terrifying sounds that could be shattering shells, shattering lives or the shattering status quo \u2013 as well as beautiful sonorous sounds with water-filled glasses.\u00a0<\/p><p>Harrington now realises that Seattle was quite an alternative place and a centre of protest, although at the time he was just busy playing the violin. \u2018I\u2019d see the freeway closed down and thousands of people demonstrating, or things going on at the University of Washington, where I was studying. I began to sense that something was happening.\u2019<\/p><p>Looking back over the Kronos Quartet back catalogue, you might think \u2013 with a few exceptions \u2013 they\u2019d made a decision to work only with living composers, though that\u2019s not the case. They just enjoy working with them. <\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Portrait of the Kronos Quartet at the Park West in Chicago, Illinois, January 20, 1990. (Photo by Paul Natkin\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u2018It\u2019s so much fun to have the composer think about each one of us in the way we play and in the way the group plays,\u2019 Harrington says, \u2018and then to learn so much from not only what the composer says, but how they say it and maybe how they sing their music. Terry Riley is a great example. To have Terry sing his music, to gesture and to make comments is a thrill and the best way to learn the music.\u2019<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-do-the-kronos-quartet-sound-like\">What do the Kronos Quartet sound like?<\/h2><p>Seeing the many cables, volume controls for earpieces and bits of kit on the floor makes you realise that a Kronos concert is both a technical and musical challenge. Harrington explains that when they started touring <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/steve-reich\">Steve Reich<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s <em>Different Trains<\/em> in 1989, they began travelling with a sound engineer: \u2018We\u2019ve been a quintet since then!\u2019 <\/p><p>Reich used recordings of his governess, an American railway porter, Jewish survivors of the Holocaust and of actual rolling stock, and worked them together into an extraordinary multi-layered piece \u2013 with much of the music coming from the speech melodies of the interviewees. <em>Different Trains<\/em> is a very powerful work and one of the landmark Kronos commissions to have entered the repertoire. Four out of the ten pieces performed in Bristol involve recordings and the quartet have also added a lighting designer to their line-up in recent years.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-who-have-they-worked-with\">Who have they worked with?<\/h2><p>The Kronos Quartet have worked with many performers and composers who share their sense of curiosity and adventure. One of their most frequent musical collaborators has been Chinese <em>pipa<\/em> player Wu Man. She\u2019s a leading player of the plucked lute and works both in China and the US, where she is now based. \u2018Most violinists will talk about the first time they heard Jascha Heifetz because of his searing ability and command of the instrument,\u2019 says Harrington. <\/p><ul><li><strong>We named Jascha Heifetz one of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/20-greatest-violinists-ever\">greatest violinists of all time<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u2018I had the same feeling when I first heard Wu Man playing <em>pipa<\/em>. There was such a command of the instrument and its colours. I immediately knew I wanted to work with her.\u2019 Their most substantial collaboration is <em>Ghost Opera<\/em>, commissioned from Chinese composer <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/who-is-tan-dun\">Tan Dun<\/a><\/strong> in 1994. Written for string quartet and <em>pipa<\/em>, it also includes water bowls, gongs, cymbals, stones and paper, plus vocals, and ritual and theatrical elements.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"1449\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2024\/05\/GettyImages537495305_cmyk.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese pipa player Wu Man \" class=\"wp-image-205416\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chinese pipa player Wu Man, one of the Kronos Quartet&#8217;s most frequent collaborators. (Photo by Hiroyuki Ito\/Getty Images) &#8211; Hiroyuki Ito\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-where-are-the-kronos-quartet-based\">Where are the Kronos Quartet based?<\/h3><p>The Kronos have been based in San Francisco since 1978. And it\u2019s where the Kronos Performing Arts Association, their non-profit organisation, is based. <\/p><p>A major Kronos Quartet achievement in recent years has been commissioning <em>50 for the Future<\/em> \u2013 50 new string quartet pieces from composers all over the world, half of them women and half\u00a0men. According to their website, the aim is \u2018to guide young string quartets in developing and honing the skills required for the performance of 21st-century repertoire\u2019.<\/p><p>The individual parts, recordings and extra instrumental tracks can be downloaded for free from the <em>50 for the Future<\/em> website. Composers range from big names like <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/philip-glass\">Philip Glass<\/a><\/strong>, Terry Riley and Laurie Anderson, via world music stars like Zakir Hussain from India and Ang\u00e9lique Kidjo from Benin, to intriguing figures like <em>balafon<\/em> player Fod\u00e9 Lassana Diabat\u00e9 from Mali or Joan Jeanrenaud, who was cellist with the Kronos from 1978-99. It\u2019s a challenging body of work in hugely diverse styles.<\/p><p>\u2018We\u2019re now benefiting from some of the work that we\u2019ve been doing all these years. Younger players really can navigate music like this and it\u2019s very thrilling,\u2019 Harrington says. Kronos are \u2018among a small number of groups that have set the terms for new \u201cclassical\u201d music over the last 50 years,\u2019 says Richard Jones, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/instruments\/viola-how-to-play-tune-clean-beginners\">viola<\/a><\/strong> player in Britain\u2019s Ligeti Quartet. <\/p><p>\u2018They present all music, regardless of where it come from and when, as equally fascinating and essential. They encouraged us to stick to our guns and trust our instincts when it came to the music we choose to play.It\u2019s probably the single piece of advice that has had an impact on our identity as a group, and probably the reason we\u00a0are\u00a0still\u00a0going strong.\u2019<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1726\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2024\/05\/KronosBarbican_MarkAllan_cmyk-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Kronos Quartet\" class=\"wp-image-205415\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Kronos Quartet: Five Decades (David Harrington: violin, John Sherba: violin, Hank Dutt: viola, Paul Wiancko: cello) with special guests Indonesian composer Peni Candra Rini and Yahael Camara Onono: djembe on Dumisani Maraire&#8217;s Mai Nozipo, perform a selection from five decades of material in the Barbican Hall on Thursday 19 Oct 2023 Photo by Mark Allan\/BBC &#8211; Mark Allan\/BBC<\/figcaption><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kronos-festival-an-annual-celebration-of-all-things-kronos\">Kronos Festival: an annual celebration of all things Kronos<\/h3><p>The Ligeti Quartet spent a week with Kronos at Carnegie Hall in 2015 to launch the <em>50 for the Future<\/em> series, and now include several of those pieces in their repertoire. There were performances of all 50 works in Amsterdam last year (by Kronos and nine other quartets) and at the Philharmonie de Paris this year (by six different quartets). And most of the pieces saw performances at last year\u2019s Kronos Festival in San Francisco. Some 30,000 downloads of the <em>50 for the Future<\/em> materials have now taken place, by visitors from over 100 countries.<\/p><p>In March, Kronos made the dramatic announcement that John Sherba (second violin) and Hank Dutt (viola), who\u2019ve been with the quartet 46 and 47 years respectively, will be retiring after this year\u2019s Kronos Festival in June.\u00a0Replacing them will be violinist Gabriela Di\u00e1z\u00a0and violist Ayane Kozasa. Harrington says: \u2018This next chapter will be full\u00a0of big adventures \u2013 stay tuned.\u2019<\/p><p>Top pic: Lenny Gonzalez<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Wednesday, 29 May 2024 at 15:02 PM I\u2019m at a soundcheck for the Kronos Quartet in the recently re-opened Beacon Hall in Bristol. The quartet aren\u2019t actually playing their instruments, but tapping water bottles with soft xylophone sticks. Leader David Harrington has a black bottle, cellist Paul Wiancko a pink one, viola player [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":43697,"template":"","categories":[1,17],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"8"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/05\/kronos-quartet-the-american-string-quartet-celebrating-50-years-of-sonic-adventures.png",1246,822,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/05\/kronos-quartet-the-american-string-quartet-celebrating-50-years-of-sonic-adventures-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/05\/kronos-quartet-the-american-string-quartet-celebrating-50-years-of-sonic-adventures-300x198.png",300,198,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/05\/kronos-quartet-the-american-string-quartet-celebrating-50-years-of-sonic-adventures-768x507.png",768,507,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/05\/kronos-quartet-the-american-string-quartet-celebrating-50-years-of-sonic-adventures-1024x676.png",800,528,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/05\/kronos-quartet-the-american-string-quartet-celebrating-50-years-of-sonic-adventures.png",1246,822,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/05\/kronos-quartet-the-american-string-quartet-celebrating-50-years-of-sonic-adventures.png",1246,822,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Wednesday, 29 May 2024 at 15:02 PM I\u2019m at a soundcheck for the Kronos Quartet in the recently re-opened Beacon Hall in Bristol. The quartet aren\u2019t actually playing their instruments, but tapping water bottles with soft xylophone sticks. Leader David Harrington has a black bottle, cellist Paul Wiancko a pink one, viola player&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/43696"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}