{"id":43955,"date":"2024-06-07T18:43:11","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T16:43:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/86f520a5-4b94-4bec-96ae-a06cf953056e"},"modified":"2024-06-07T19:36:06","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T17:36:06","slug":"these-famous-classical-pieces-are-not-by-who-you-think-they-are","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/these-famous-classical-pieces-are-not-by-who-you-think-they-are\/","title":{"rendered":"These famous classical pieces are not by who you think they are"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Friday, 07 June 2024 at 16:43 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>Beethoven\u2019s symphonies are by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/ludwig-van-beethoven\">Beethoven<\/a><\/strong>. Mozart&#8217;s piano concertos are by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/mozart\">Mozart<\/a><\/strong>, Shostakovich&#8217;s string quartets are by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/dmitri-shostakovich\">Shostakovich<\/a><\/strong>, and Verdi\u2019s operas are by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/giuseppe-verdi\">Verdi<\/a><\/strong>. By and large, we can be fairly confident that when we think a much-loved work is by a certain composer, the likelihood is that it is so. However, not everything is always quite as it seems \u2013 some pieces simply aren\u2019t by the composer whose name they traditionally carry. Haydn\u2019s Serenade for string quartet, for instance, is not by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/joseph-haydn-2\">Haydn<\/a><\/strong>, and Albinoni\u2019s <em>Adagio<\/em> is not by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/joseph-haydn-2\">Albinoni<\/a><\/strong>. In one way or another, they have been attributed to the wrong composer.<\/p><script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jwplayer.com\/players\/xjL98ot4-lqFafnwo.js\"\/><p>On the whole, wrong attributions arrive like old wives\u2019 tales or Chinese whispers. If enough people think a work is by one person then barnacled tradition decrees it must be. Most works get attributed to the wrong composer by accident: a misleading manuscript, a wrong assumption, an arranger not checking facts, or a later version turning up that everyone takes as gospel.<\/p><p>Some works get wrongly ascribed through sheer skulduggery. After all, Squire, a publisher has to make an honest buck \u2013 if he puts it about that this beautiful work is by Bach, or that song is by the Beatles, then who cares if it\u2019s not really, so long as the sales are good?<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-group highlight-box is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/best-italian-composers-of-all-time\/\">The best Italian composers of all time<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/fifteen-composers-at-30\/\">Fifteen composers at 30<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p>But which are the most famous works whose composers are not necessarily who we think they are? Here are a few for starters:<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-works-by-the-wrong-composer\">Works by the wrong composer<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tomaso-albinoni-1671-1751-adagio-in-g-minor\">Tomaso Albinoni (1671-1751): - Adagio in G minor<\/h3><p><em>The \u2018<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/baroque-music-guide\">Baroque<\/a><\/strong> masterpiece\u2019\u2026 from the 1950s<\/em><\/p><p>There was a time when every \u2018death in the family\u2019 TV scene was accompanied by solemn faces, muted histrionics and \u2018Albinoni\u2019s Adagio\u2019 pulsating in the background. It became so essential a part of popular tearfulness that it was used as part of background music for the film <em>Gallipoli<\/em> in 1981. <\/p><p>But I wonder how many after rushing out to buy the recording thought it would be nice to hear what the rest of Albinoni was like. Disappointment loomed, as nothing else by Albinoni sounds remotely like the Adagio.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Adagio in G Minor (Albinoni)\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XMbvcp480Y4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>That\u2019s because, in one of the most notorious wrong composer cases of all, the Adagio in G minor is not by Albinoni. It was composed in the 1950s by Remo Giazotto, some 200 years after Albinoni died in Venice in 1751. Rumour had it that it was built up from an Albinoni fragment found in the Saxon State Library in Dresden, subsequently destroyed in the Allied bombing raids \u2013 handy, as no one could check. <\/p><p>In fact, it is all Giazotto\u2019s own work, though why Albinoni\u2019s should have been good coat-tails to hang onto is difficult to say. Someone really should have spotted the deception. Or perhaps not. After all, Hitler was believed to have written diaries!<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-henry-purcell-1659-1695-trumpet-voluntary\">Henry Purcell (1659-1695) - Trumpet Voluntary<\/h3><p><em>Alteration at the altar, as Clarke gets the push<\/em><\/p><p>Some time ago brides who wanted to show that their musical tastes were a cut above the average decided against coming down the aisle to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/richard-wagner\">Wagner<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s \u2018Here comes the bride, short, fat and wide\u2019 (from <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-wagners-lohengrin\"><strong>Lohengrin<\/strong><\/a><\/em>) in favour of an uplifting march from the 17th century. <\/p><p>From the late 19th century till the middle of the 20th, said march was widely thought to be by Henry Purcell and was so published as \u2018<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/henry-purcell\">Purcell<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s Trumpet Voluntary\u2019 in many organ anthologies. Sir<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/who-was-sir-henry-wood\">Henry Wood<\/a><\/strong>, founder of the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/bbc-proms\/\">Proms<\/a><\/strong>, further enhanced the myth by making two orchestral transcriptions of it under that title.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/bbc-proms\/2024-bbc-proms-listings\">2024 BBC Proms: full lineup<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>But no, once again we have the wrong composer. In fact it comes from a semi-opera called <em>The Island Princess<\/em>, for which the music was composed by Jeremiah Clarke and Daniel (not Henry) Purcell, hence the misunderstanding. It\u2019s just as well the brides didn\u2019t know anything about poor old Clarke, as he fell hopelessly in love with a woman out of his social reach and ended up shooting himself, having previously thought of hanging or drowning himself. He was only 33.<\/p><ul><li><strong>We listed the Trumpet Voluntary as one of the very<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/instruments\/best-trumpet-music\">best trumpet music<\/a><\/strong> <strong>pieces<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-j-s-bach-1685-1750-toccata-and-fugue-in-d-minor\">J S Bach (1685-1750) - Toccata and Fugue in D minor<\/h3><p><em>Organ fireworks among the feuding scholars<\/em><\/p><p>It\u2019s not that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/johann-sebastian-bach\/\"><strong>Bach\u2019s<\/strong><\/a> celebrated Toccata and Fugue in D minor is definitely <em>not<\/em> by him, but that we can\u2019t be sure it <em>is<\/em> by him \u2013 to some, stylistic elements within it seem just too unlikely to have come from his pen. Like most of Bach\u2019s organ works, the original manuscript is lost so, like Crime Scene Investigation, scholars have gone to work on style, dating of surviving contemporary copies, and all sorts of other ways of trying to establish composership.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-group highlight-box is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-a-toccata\/\">What is a toccata?<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/a-guide-to-bachs-mass-in-b-minor-and-its-best-recordings\/\">A guide to Bach Mass in B minor and its best recordings<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>One suggestion has been Johannes Ringk, allegedly a pupil of Bach who had access to his works: perhaps he cribbed it (in which case it could still be by Bach!), or is it an arrangement of another work? Who knows? \u2018I do!\u2019, thundered Christian Wolff, the most eminent Bach scholar of them all, from his Harvard haven. There\u2019s no \u2018jury proof\u2019 one way or the other and so, for the moment, we are spared having to re-catalogue our CDs.<\/p><\/div><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-works-by-the-wrong-composer\">More works by the wrong composer<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gregorio-allegri-1582-1652-miserere\">Gregorio Allegri (1582-1652) - Miserere<\/h3><p><em>Musical piracy on the High Cs?<\/em><\/p><p>There is no doubt that Allegri composed his celebrated setting of Psalm 51, the <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/miserere-mei-lyrics\">Miserere<\/a><\/strong>,<\/em> in 1638. The question is <em>how much<\/em> of what we hear today he composed. Vatican censorship was partly responsible for the confusion. So beautiful did the authorities consider the work, in particular the way the smaller choir performed the elaborate ornaments (<em>abbellimenti<\/em>), that any copy or performance outside the Sistine Chapel was to be punished by excommunication.<\/p><p>This did not deter some intrepid souls, and by the early 18th century a version had leaked out that combined Allegri\u2019s original with some later additions by Tommaso Bai. However, this did not show the stratospheric ornaments for which the work is now known. The Pope was in a more forgiving mood when the 14-year-old Mozart wrote it down from memory, as presents were showered on him. But even Mozart didn\u2019t put in the ornaments, and this plain version was the basis of the London edition of 1771. Once published, the Vatican gave in and the ban was lifted.<\/p><script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jwplayer.com\/players\/YCjcY8vg-lqFafnwo.js\"\/><p>But still the way the Sistine choristers performed it did not appear in print until 1840 when Pietro Alfieri, a Roman priest, published an edition with all those high Cs we know today, hoping thereby to preserve the \u2018traditional\u2019 way. In fact, he probably added even more distance between today\u2019s performances and the original. But who knows?<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-john-redford-d-1547-rejoice-in-the-lord\">John Redford (d.1547) Rejoice in the Lord<\/h3><p><em>Lost in Transcription, a 16th-century farce<\/em><\/p><p>Up and down the country, Advent resounds to \u2018Redford\u2019s Rejoice\u2019. Because it is quite easy, it gives the choirs much-needed time to rehearse all the music for Christmas. This punchy piece of polyphony appeared first in the Mulliner Book, a 16th-century anthology of sacred keyboard pieces compiled for his own use by one Thomas Mulliner. In one or two cases the keyboard pieces are, in fact, anthems that Mulliner had copied out, eg \u2018Rejoice in the Lord alway\u2019.<\/p><p>Nowadays, \u2018Redford\u2019 has become \u2018anon\u2019 because his authorship was due to this work being sandwiched in the manuscript between two other works that are definitely by him. But \u2018Rejoice\u2019 has no ascription, so when the anthem became separated from its source it acquired his name. He may have written it, he may not, but like many misattributions the truth lies beyond our grasp. Wrong composer? Maybe.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-joseph-haydn-1732-1809-serenade-op-3\">Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) - Serenade op. 3<\/h3><p><em>The Monk hidin\u2019 behind Haydn<\/em><\/p><p>One of Haydn\u2019s most loved works is his \u2018Serenade\u2019 from the string quartets Op. 3. This <em>Andante cantabile<\/em> with its alluring tune poised over a gentle <em>pizzicato<\/em> accompaniment is justly famous, but it is not by Haydn (either Joseph or even his brother Michael), even though it appeared in a creditable 18th-century edition of his works with his name on it. It\u2019s from this edition that the misappropriation of the whole opus has arisen. The real composer was the Benedictine monk Roman Hofstetter (1742-1815), and a deliberate deception was involved.<\/p><p>In the 1770s Haydn became ever more widely admired. His popularity in Paris was so great that his music spawned a number of imitators who tried to pass off their works as by him \u2013 his name on a publication could double sales. When the plates of a set of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-string-quartet\">string quartets<\/a><\/strong> arrived in Paris in the 1770s clearly showing them to be by Hofstetter, the publisher, Bailleux, scratched out Hofstetter\u2019s name and put Haydn\u2019s instead. But he wasn\u2019t that good at scratching (except a living) \u2013 the original composer\u2019s name is still detectable. That of the wrong composer, however, is now indelibly associated.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-johannes-brahms-1833-1897-haydn-variations-the-tune\">Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) - Haydn Variations... the tune<\/h3><p><em>Variations on a theme not by Haydn<\/em><\/p><p>Even the scholarly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/johannes-brahms\/\"><strong>Brahms<\/strong><\/a> made a celebrated misattribution. He called his magnificent orchestral work <em>Variations on a theme of Haydn<\/em>. Alas, the theme is not by Haydn, but Brahms\u2019s mistake is very understandable. <\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"\/><p>A friend, Carl Ferdinand Pohl, the librarian of the Vienna Musikverein, was working on a biography of Haydn and showed Brahms his transcription of a Haydn <em>Divertimento<\/em>, whose second movement was variations on the \u2018St Anthony Chorale\u2019. Brahms put two and two together and made five, attributing the chorale to Haydn even though the older master had tried to indicate otherwise.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-group highlight-box is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/top-10-brahms-works\/\">Top 10 Brahms works<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/six-best-brahms-recordings\/\">Six of the best Brahms recordings<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p>There the dust might have settled, but some have also suggested that Haydn\u2019s <em>Divertimento<\/em> itself was not in fact by Haydn but by his pupil Ignaz Pleyel. So now conductors will be able to programme a redesignated work by Brahms \u2018Variations on a theme once thought to be by Haydn, then by person or persons unknown, then by Pleyel\u2019. Catchy.<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-gaetano-pugnani-1731-1798-tempo-di-menuetto\">Gaetano Pugnani (1731-1798) - Tempo di Menuetto<\/h3><p><em>A master fiddler tinkers with history<\/em><\/p><p>Our last wrong composer is Gaetano Pugnani, a <em>bona fide<\/em> Italian composer who studied under Tartini, he of the famous 'Devil's <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-atrill\">Trill<\/a><\/strong>' Sonata. He was employed in Turin but enjoyed great success in Paris in the 1750s, and then in the 1760s in London where he eventually directed the music for the King\u2019s theatre for two years. His reputation went the way of most composers, ie into obscurity, eventually being eclipsed by his most famous pupil Giovanni Viotti.<\/p><p>It was this obscurity that allowed the Austrian violinist and composer Fritz Kreisler (one of the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/20-greatest-violinists-ever\">greatest violinists of all time<\/a><\/strong>, incidentally) to fake the birth certificates of some of his own pastiche compositions, such as the <em>Tempo di Menuetto<\/em>, attributing them to Pugnani. Maybe he felt age lent them respectability, or maybe he couldn\u2019t think of anything more modern but didn\u2019t want to be found out. <\/p><p>In 1935 he confessed his deception, but not before the works had been published under the Italian\u2019s name (not in fact the only name that Kreisler had used for his fakes). When some people complained to Kreisler about his fraud he replied nonchalantly: \u2018The name changes, the value remains\u2019. Clearly crime paid.<\/p><p>Editor\u2019s note: While we have very good reason to believe this article was written by Roderick Swanston, we do remind readers to treat the authorship of any work with caution.<\/p><p>This article first appeared in the May 2009 issue of <em>BBC Music Magazine.<\/em> <\/p><p>Brahms pic: Getty Images<br\/>Bach pic: Bachhaus Eisenach via Wikimedia Commons<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Friday, 07 June 2024 at 16:43 PM Beethoven\u2019s symphonies are by Beethoven. Mozart&#8217;s piano concertos are by Mozart, Shostakovich&#8217;s string quartets are by Shostakovich, and Verdi\u2019s operas are by Verdi. By and large, we can be fairly confident that when we think a much-loved work is by a certain composer, the likelihood is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":43956,"template":"","categories":[1,17],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"9"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-famous-classical-pieces-are-not-by-who-you-think-they-are.png",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-famous-classical-pieces-are-not-by-who-you-think-they-are-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-famous-classical-pieces-are-not-by-who-you-think-they-are-300x200.png",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-famous-classical-pieces-are-not-by-who-you-think-they-are-768x512.png",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-famous-classical-pieces-are-not-by-who-you-think-they-are-1024x683.png",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-famous-classical-pieces-are-not-by-who-you-think-they-are.png",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-famous-classical-pieces-are-not-by-who-you-think-they-are.png",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Friday, 07 June 2024 at 16:43 PM Beethoven\u2019s symphonies are by Beethoven. Mozart&#8217;s piano concertos are by Mozart, Shostakovich&#8217;s string quartets are by Shostakovich, and Verdi\u2019s operas are by Verdi. By and large, we can be fairly confident that when we think a much-loved work is by a certain composer, the likelihood is&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/43955"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}