{"id":44066,"date":"2024-06-18T15:48:46","date_gmt":"2024-06-18T13:48:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/a40d7658-d445-4b4a-a7ee-d33b37a9f570"},"modified":"2024-06-18T16:37:29","modified_gmt":"2024-06-18T14:37:29","slug":"these-are-the-best-depictions-of-animals-in-music","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/these-are-the-best-depictions-of-animals-in-music\/","title":{"rendered":"These are the best depictions of animals in music"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Tuesday, 18 June 2024 at 13:48 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>\u2018The duck quacked and, in her excitement, jumped out of the pond,\u2019 gasps David Bowie in his iconic narration of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/sergey-prokofiev\/\">Prokofiev<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s <i>Peter and the Wolf<\/i>, recorded in 1977. \u2018But no matter how hard she tried to run, she couldn\u2019t escape.\u2019 (Recent modernisations are more light-hearted: Alexander Armstrong and the London Mozart Players\u2019 2020 lockdown video sees the duck \u2013 a dog\u2019s squeaky toy \u2013 enjoying a cocktail while reading <i>Tinker, Taylor, Soldier, Duck<\/i> by one Swan le Carr\u00e9.) Just as the duck could not elude her fate \u2013 swallowed alive, destined to live out her days inside the wolf\u2019s stomach \u2013 nor could the oboe escape an enduring association with its feathery characterisation. Just one example of the many creative ways composers have depicted birds and animals in classical music.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Prokofiev\u2019s Peter &amp; The Wolf with Alexander Armstrong and the London Mozart Players\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6fBjh42PQdk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-instruments-are-often-used-to-represent-animals-in-classical-music\">What instruments are often used to represent animals in classical music?<\/h2><p>It\u2019s not just the oboe. Composers have often sought to depict creatures through particular instruments. The flute\u2019s timbre had been likened to twittering birdsong long before Prokofiev\u2019s evocative orchestration. <\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/antonio-vivaldi\/\">Vivaldi<\/a><\/strong> used the instrument to hint at the woodland calls of spring and summer in <i>The<\/i> <i>Four Seasons<\/i>, and in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/mozart\/\">Mozart<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s <i>The Magic Flute<\/i> its melodies herald the appearance of Papageno, the bird catcher. Despite a fleeting appearance as Prokofiev\u2019s cat, the clarinet tends to be better known as the cuckoo, as heard \u2018in the depths of the woods\u2019 in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/camille-saint-saens\/\">Saint-Sa\u00ebns<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s <i>Carnival of the Animals<\/i> (1886) and again in Delius\u2019s <i>On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring<\/i>, composed in 1912. <\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-saint-sa-nss-carnival-animals\/\">The best recordings of Saint-Sa\u00ebns&#8217;s Carnival of the Animals<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p> Musical techniques are also employed to convey animalistic behaviours, such as the <i>staccato<\/i> sounds used to depict pecking hens and the jumping melodies to show bouncing kangaroos in <i>Carnival of the Animals.<\/i> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/nikolay-rimsky-korsakov\/\">Rimsky-Korsakov<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s famous <i>Flight of the Bumblebee<\/i> is packed with whirling demi-semiquavers that represent the insect in flight. (No surprise that the piece is a staple for intrepid musicians wishing to attempt to break the world record for fastest performance.) <\/p><p>Composer Michel Gonneville\u2019s approach is more subtle. In his 1998 work <i>The path of the whale<\/i>, the orchestral textures suggest the slow underwater movements of the great beast, with four breaks in the phrasing to allude to the creature\u2019s cresting breaths. Similarly, his <i>Relais Papillons<\/i> uses timbre to represent the migration of Monarch butterflies between Mexico and north-eastern Canada. <\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-which-composers-have-been-inspired-by-animals\">Which composers have been inspired by animals?<\/h2><p>Careful observation is essential for accurate musical depiction and, unsurprisingly, pets are a rich source of inspiration for composers. The fast-moving passages in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/frederic-chopin\/\">Chopin<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s \u2018Minute\u2019 Waltz, originally called \u2018Waltz of the little dog\u2019, were intended to mimic a canine called Marquis, who belonged to George Sand. <\/p><p>George Crumb\u2019s <i>Mundus Canis<\/i> (A Dog\u2019s World), written for guitar and percussion, is dedicated to the composer\u2019s own dogs. \u2018Tammy\u2019 features maracas to suggest the sound of the dachshund\u2019s scratching claws, while the scampering melodies of \u2018Yoda\u2019 represent a not-very-obedient rescue dog \u2013 the end of the work ends with the vocalisation \u2018bad dog\u2019. <\/p><p>But memorial music isn\u2019t a modern-day phenomenon. Some of the melodies in Mozart\u2019s <i>A Musical Joke<\/i> bear resemblance to a starling\u2019s calls. The composer had a pet starling for nearly three years and was devastated when the bird died. He held a funeral for it, which included a specially written <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-is-a-requiem\/\">requiem<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><p>Animal representation on stage is notoriously challenging, but that hasn\u2019t stopped some composers from favouring a furry cast, with foxes a favourite central character. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/igor-stravinsky\/\">Stravinsky<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s farmyard fairy-tale, <i>Reynard<\/i>, is based on a traditional Russian story about a wily fox whose sticky end is brought about by a cock, cat and goat. Like <i>Reynard<\/i>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/leos-janacek\/\">Jan\u00e1\u010dek<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s <i>The Cunning Little Vixen<\/i> uses animal relationships as a way of unpicking human ones.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Jan\u00e1\u010dek: THE CUNNING LITTLE VIXEN (Glyndebourne)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CQvLOfbvRwE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-close-encounter-with-a-fox\">A close encounter with a fox<\/h3><p>\u2018The duet between the Vixen and Fox is so urgent, passionate and raw with emotion that it stands up to any of the great \u201chuman\u201d opera duets,\u2019 says soprano Lucy Crowe, who has sung the role of the Vixen many times. \u2018In the winter before my performances at Glyndebourne, I was walking in the snow and spotted a bushy tailed fox, padding calmly through the trees, then frolicking and leaping with gay abandon. <\/p><p>&#8216;When she finally spotted me we held each other\u2019s gaze for what felt like hours. This is the main difference between playing a human and an animal \u2013 that sharpness of motion and intense stare.\u2019 For that 2012 Glyndebourne production, directed by Melly Still, Crowe held an enormous tail \u2013 the brush \u2013 to communicate the Vixen\u2019s feelings, \u2018slamming it when angry or trailing it slinkily along the floor when amorous.\u2019<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-birdsong-in-classical-music\">Birdsong in classical music<\/h2><p>But it&#8217;s not only animals that get vivid depictions in classical music. Birds are also favourites among composers, particularly passerines (song birds). A bird\u2019s voice box \u2013 called a \u2018syrinx\u2019 (Greek for pan pipes, and the title of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/claude-debussy\/\">Debussy<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s beloved solo flute piece) \u2013 comprises two independently functioning sections, enabling the creatures to perform polyphonic melodies.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"EMMANUEL PAHUD | Claude Debussy, &quot;Syrinx&quot; for solo flute\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YEyKM13yf_4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>While composers had long attempted to transcribe bird song, it was <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/olivier-messiaen\/\">Messiaen<\/a><\/strong> who, in the mid-1950s, first combined a serious study of ornithology and music, using transcriptions made during field work in collections such as <i>Catalogue d\u2019oiseaux<\/i> and <i>Oiseaux exotiques<\/i>.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Olivier Messiaen - Catalogue d'oiseaux (Book 1) [With score]\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/G6Izpdkjrhk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>Scholars have since debated the accuracy of these transcriptions, but there is little doubt they have had an enormous impact on subsequent work, inspiring collections such as Richard Rodney Bennett\u2019s <i>Six Tunes for the Instruction of Singing Birds<\/i>.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"6 Tunes for the Instruction of Singing Birds: For The Canary-Bird\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/efg1NpCKpPI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>Some composers have taken Messiaen\u2019s approach a stage further by including actual bird song in their music. Einojuhani Rautavaara\u2019s <i>Cantus Arcticus \u2013 Concerto for Birds and Orchestra<\/i> (1972) includes recordings made in the north of his native Finland, while Australian birds take a starring role in Hollis Taylor\u2019s 2017 <i>Absolute Bird<\/i> <i>\u2013 Concerto for Recorder and Orchestra<\/i>.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Rautavaara : Cantus Arcticus (Orchestre philharmonique de Radio France \/ Mikko Franck)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8X2FU1KU4_U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/six-best-pieces-music-inspired-birdsong\/\"><strong>Six of the best pieces of music inspired by birdsong<\/strong><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-birds-are-great-composers-themselves\">Birds are great composers themselves<\/h2><p>\u2018Birds are musical masters,\u2019 says Quebec-based Michel Gonneville who, in works such as <i>Oiseaux migrateurs<\/i>, combines recordings of local birds including a Hermit Thrush with soprano; \u2018their virtuosity forces us to imagine new technical means, be it intonation or rhythm.\u2019 Technology has helped in this respect: Gonneville and colleagues can slow recordings down to achieve a remarkable level of accuracy, while an array of bird identification apps make it possible for the uninitiated to unravel the mysteries of a call with a single tap.<\/p><p>Composer-recordists such as Bernie Krause and Chris Watson (who has captured many of the animal sounds heard on David Attenborough\u2019s <i>Life<\/i> series, as well as <i>Frozen Planet<\/i>) have done much to further the artistic credentials of natural soundscapes. Krause\u2019s recordings of gibbons, tree frogs, beavers, gorillas and others feature in Richard Blackford\u2019s <i>The Great Animal Orchestra \u2013 Symphony for Orchestra and Wild Soundscapes<\/i>, which premiered at Cheltenham Festival in 2014. <\/p><p>Jonathan Harvey\u2019s <i>Bird Concerto with Pianosong<\/i> \u2013 a piano work composed in 2003 that features recordings of Californian species such as the Orchard Oriole, Golden-crowned Sparrow and Indigo Bunting \u2013 turns the pianist into avian accompanist. The title is more than witty word play: over the past few decades, a new branch of study has emerged that emphasises the intrinsic value in animal-made music. A new understanding, in short, of the key role played by animals in music, classical or otherwise.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zoomusicology-an-introduction\">Zoomusicology: an introduction<\/h2><p>French composer and former Messiaen student Fran\u00e7ois-Bernard M\u00e2che has compared Stravinsky\u2019s <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-stravinskys-rite-spring\/\"><i>The Rite of Spring<\/i><\/a><\/strong> with songs of the Blyth\u2019s Reed Warbler and argues that musical processes can be directly traced to the natural world. Zoomusicologists such as Gonneville and Taylor, alongside David Rothenberg and the pleasingly named Emily Doolittle, have shone a light on the musicality of crickets, whales and seals, among others.<\/p><p>Composer Dave Soldier takes a different approach to animal musicality. Rather than capturing sounds made in the wild, he creates man-made environments for animals to make music using instruments. Working with Richard Lair at an elephant conservation centre in Thailand, Soldier founded the Thai Elephant Orchestra, where 14 elephants play heavy-duty versions of traditional Thai instruments using a pentatonic scale. (This isn\u2019t the first time that elephants have been used in musical performance; Stravinsky\u2019s <i>Circus Polka<\/i> was written to accompany an elephant \u2018dance\u2019 for the Barnum &amp; Bailey circus. The piece was premiered in 1942 with 50 elephants in Madison Square Gardens, New York.)<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Stravinsky Circus Polka\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1o0t3C6IoRo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-fascinating-synergies-between-music-and-nature\">More fascinating synergies between music and nature<\/h2><p>A similar idea led to C\u00e9leste Boursier-Mougenot\u2019s 2010 installation at the Barbican: an aviary filled with electric guitars for zebra finches to \u2018play\u2019. In 2014, Aldeburgh Festival hosted Lily Green Hunter\u2019s <i>Bee Composed<\/i>, a work that used sounds taken from a hive established in an upright piano.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Lily Hunter Green: Bee Composed \u2022 Aldeburgh Residencies \u2022 Snape Maltings\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UsNa-4H6irA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>A further sub-section of creature-based composition is music that is written for an animal audience. Periodic studies reveal the benefits of playing classical music to pets \u2013 dogs, for instance, are thought to be less stressed after listening to calming instrumental music. This has led to new compositions such as <i>A Dog\u2019s Tale<\/i> by Iain Jackson, which was premiered at Crufts (where else?), as well as Lisa Spector and Joshua Leeds\u2019s <i>Through a Dog\u2019s Ear<\/i> series.<\/p><p>At a time when we are increasingly aware of the fragility of the natural world, it is likely that animals will become further intertwined with classical music. \u2018Animals show us who we are,\u2019 says Gonneville; \u2018their behaviours \u2013 imagined or humanised \u2013 and songs are a source of endless artistic inspiration and a reminder of how close we are to these \u201cother beings\u201d.\u2019<\/p><p><em>Find out more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/birds\/\"><strong>birds<\/strong><\/a> and other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/\"><strong>animals<\/strong><\/a> from our friends at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/\"><strong>BBC Wildlife Magazine<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Tuesday, 18 June 2024 at 13:48 PM \u2018The duck quacked and, in her excitement, jumped out of the pond,\u2019 gasps David Bowie in his iconic narration of Prokofiev\u2019s Peter and the Wolf, recorded in 1977. \u2018But no matter how hard she tried to run, she couldn\u2019t escape.\u2019 (Recent modernisations are more light-hearted: Alexander [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":44067,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"8"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-are-the-best-depictions-of-animals-in-music.png",1880,1251,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-are-the-best-depictions-of-animals-in-music-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-are-the-best-depictions-of-animals-in-music-300x200.png",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-are-the-best-depictions-of-animals-in-music-768x511.png",768,511,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-are-the-best-depictions-of-animals-in-music-1024x681.png",800,532,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-are-the-best-depictions-of-animals-in-music-1536x1022.png",1536,1022,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/06\/these-are-the-best-depictions-of-animals-in-music.png",1880,1251,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Tuesday, 18 June 2024 at 13:48 PM \u2018The duck quacked and, in her excitement, jumped out of the pond,\u2019 gasps David Bowie in his iconic narration of Prokofiev\u2019s Peter and the Wolf, recorded in 1977. \u2018But no matter how hard she tried to run, she couldn\u2019t escape.\u2019 (Recent modernisations are more light-hearted: Alexander&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/44066"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}