{"id":45851,"date":"2024-08-05T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/8881d105-8051-449f-84ba-cd808d84aa0d"},"modified":"2024-08-05T13:07:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-05T11:07:16","slug":"herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-ambitious-autocrat-and-nazi-party-member","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-ambitious-autocrat-and-nazi-party-member\/","title":{"rendered":"Herbert von Karajan: godlike conductor, ambitious autocrat and Nazi Party member"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Monday, 05 August 2024 at 10:00 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p><strong>Read on to discover Karajan&#8217;s relationship with the Nazi Party&#8230;<\/strong><\/p><p>The Soprano Christa Ludwig described him as \u2018Le bon Dieu\u2019. And scores of musicians, reviewers and listeners have long regarded him as simply untouchable in the art of conducting. <\/p><p>Principal conductor of the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/berlin-philharmonic\">Berlin Philharmonic<\/a><\/strong> for 34 years, there was, however, much about Herbert von Karajan that was distinctly ungodlike. Ruthlessly ambitious as a young man and grimly autocratic in his later years, his life story is marked by bitter rivalries, feuds and, most notoriously, membership of the Nazi Party.<\/p><p>But then, just listen to the results. It&#8217;s fascinating to look at the career, the controversy and the achievements of a conductor who still intrigues fans and detractors like no other musician.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 \/ Karajan \u00b7 Berliner Philharmoniker\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9aDEq3u5huA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Herbert von Karajan conducts the Berlin Philharmonic in Beethoven&#8217;s Fifth Symphony<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-karajan-the-early-years\">Karajan, the early years&#8230;<\/h2><p>The early career of Herbert von Karajan continues to be swathed in controversy.<\/p><p>Was he an ardent Nazi or an ambitious opportunist? If he was a zealous party member, should we revere his recordings as much as we do? To what extent should any moral accountability weigh against Karajan\u2019s musical achievement? And how much latitude can we extend to people who have artistically given so generously?<\/p><p>Karajan is not alone in occupying this uncomfortable situation during this era. Similar debate surrounds <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/richard-strauss\/\">Richard Strauss<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/carl-orff\/\"><strong>Carl Orff<\/strong> <\/a>and Karl B\u00f6hm. Indeed, <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/topic\/richard-wagner\">Wagner<\/a><\/strong> also evokes hostility in certain quarters with regard to his racial sentiments.<\/p><p>When <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/second-world-war\/dark-charisma-adolf-hitler-personality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Adolf Hitler swept to power in January 1933<\/strong><\/a>, the 24-year-old Austrian Herbert von Karajan had already notched up nearly four seasons as an up-and-coming opera conductor in the South German city of Ulm.<\/p><p>Born in Salzburg in 1908 into a prosperous family, he had demonstrated gifts as a pianist and conductor while studying in Vienna. After graduation, his debut orchestral concert with the Salzburg Mozarteum Orchestra in January 1929, featuring works by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/richard-strauss\">Strauss<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/mozart\">Mozart<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/tchaikovsky\">Tchaikovsky<\/a><\/strong>, caused a local sensation and helped to secure him the contract in Ulm.<\/p><p>Karajan seized on the opportunity to learn his trade in Ulm. He cut his teeth on much of the operatic repertory from Mozart and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/ludwig-van-beethoven\">Beethoven<\/a><\/strong> to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/giacomo-puccini\">Puccini<\/a><\/strong> and Strauss, including the opera <em>Schwanda der Dudelsacker<\/em> by the Czech Jewish composer Jaromir Weinberger.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-karajan-joins-the-nazi-party\">Karajan joins the Nazi Party<\/h2><p>But after the Nazi take-over, Karajan&#8217;s future wasn&#8217;t assured&#8230;<\/p><p>In early 1933, German operatic life was thrown into turmoil as the regime hounded out musicians that were deemed politically and racially unacceptable. The Nazis also pursued a protectionist policy to limit employment for non-Germans.<\/p><p>Against this context, Karajan\u2019s decision to join the Nazi Party in Salzburg in April 1933 should be understood as an opportunistic move which was probably designed to safeguard his position at Ulm. Whether it also signalled enthusiasm for Nazi policy is open to speculation. Though he no doubt hoped that the strong-arm methods of the Nazis would bring cultural stability to Germany.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/controversy-karajan-eight-quotes\/\">The controversy of Karajan in 8 quotes<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Karajan retained his Ulm job for a further season. During this time he expanded his repertory to include a praised account of Strauss\u2019s opera <em>Arabella<\/em>. But in March 1934 he was fired for professional intrigue involving a potential Jewish rival.<\/p><p>He did not have to wait long for a new post. Three months later he was made general music director in Aachen.<\/p><p>Working in a larger theatre enabled Karajan to tackle more ambitious repertory, such as Wagner\u2019s <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/what-does-wagners-ring-cycle-mean\"><em>Ring<\/em> cycle<\/a><\/strong>, Verdi\u2019s <em>Otello<\/em> and Strauss\u2019s <em>Elektra<\/em>. He also consolidated his reputation in the concert hall, taking charge of Aachen\u2019s annual season of orchestral and choral concerts. One pre-condition for accepting was that he should re-apply for membership of the Nazi Party, his earlier membership in Salzburg having lapsed. This was confirmed in March 1935.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-karajan-attracts-national-interest\">Karajan attracts national interest<\/h2><p>Although in his denazification trial in March 1946 Karajan argued that he had joined the Party to further his career. He could not escape his obligation as Aachen\u2019s general music director to provide the musical background for political occasions.<\/p><p>On 29 June 1935 he took part in a huge open-air orchestral and choral concert that celebrated the NSDAP Party Day. At a similar ceremony four years later he conducted the close from Wagner\u2019s <em>Meistersinger<\/em>. But his concert programmes seemed untainted by political interference&#8230; Works by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/claude-debussy\">Debussy<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/maurice-ravel\">Ravel<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/kodaly-method\">Kod\u00e1ly<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/igor-stravinsky\">Stravinsky<\/a><\/strong> rubbed shoulders with German ones. In 1938 he flouted the law by programming <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/dukas-revealed\">Dukas<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s <em>Sorcerer\u2019s Apprentice<\/em>. Party authorities must have overlooked that Dukas was of Jewish descent.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dvo\u0159\u00e1k: Symphony No. 9 &quot;From the New World&quot; \/ Karajan \u00b7 Berliner Philharmoniker\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/P_1N6_O254g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Karajan conducts Dvor\u00e1k&#8217;s Symphony No. 9, &#8216;From the New World&#8217; with the Berlin Philharmonic<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>By 1937 Karajan\u2019s achievements in Aachen were attracting national interest.<\/p><p>In a special edition devoted to Germany\u2019s conducting legacy, the journal <em>Die Musik<\/em> singled him out as a man who \u2018can lead the new organisation of our cultural life in the spirit and direction which National Socialism demands\u2019. Concert engagements in Gothenburg, Vienna, Amsterdam, Brussels and Stockholm helped to spread his name beyond Germany.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/five-fantastic-karajan-moments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Karajan conducting: five fantastic Karajan moments<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Yet for all this, Karajan set his sights even higher by hoping to make an impact in Berlin. This ambition was realised in 1938 with a \u2018Strength through Joy\u2019 concert with the Berlin Philharmonic. An engagement as conductor at the Berlin State Opera in Wagner\u2019s <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-wagners-tristan-und-isolde\">Tristan und Isolde<\/a><\/strong> <\/em>followed in October.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-period-of-political-danger-for-karajan\">A period of political danger for Karajan<\/h2><p>Karajan may not have anticipated that with his move to Berlin he was stepping into a political cauldron over which he would have little control. <\/p><p>It began with a review of his <em>Tristan<\/em>, which appeared in the <em>Berliner Zeitung<\/em>. Under the title \u2018Karajan the Miracle\u2019, the critic Edwin von der N\u00fcll lavished praise on the performance. He suggested that in conducting Wagner\u2019s score from memory the 30-year-old conductor had achieved \u2018something our great men in their fifties might envy\u2019. <\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/conductor-types\">From tyrant to comedian, meet the 15 types of conductor<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>This was calculated to offend the conductor Wilhelm Furtw\u00e4ngler who had previously ruled the roost in the same theatre. Karajan was set up as a pawn in the struggle for control of Berlin\u2019s cultural institutions between Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, a Furtw\u00e4ngler supporter, and Minister of Interior Hermann Goering, the patron of the Berlin State Opera.<\/p><p>In June 1939 Karajan conducted Wagner\u2019s<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-wagners-die-meistersinger-von-n-rnberg\"><em>Die Meistersinger<\/em><\/a> <\/strong>at the State Opera without a score.<strong> <\/strong>The performance collapsed when the baritone, a drunk Rudolf Bockelmann, made a serious error. Alas Hitler, in the audience, was furious, blaming instead Karajan\u2019s insufficiently Germanic approach to Wagner by conducting from memory.<\/p><p>Further problems arose over his marriage in 1942 to the quarter Jewish Anita G\u00fctermann, technically against the law.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-prospering-career\">A prospering career<\/h2><p>Yet, despite this and the suspicion of Goebbels and Hitler, and Furtw\u00e4ngler\u2019s jealousy, his career prospered during the war. He conducted <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/johann-sebastian-bach\">Bach<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s B Minor Mass in Paris for the occupying German soldiers in 1940. And he returned to the French capital in 1941 to present his performance of <em>Tristan<\/em> with the Berlin State Opera.<\/p><p>From 1940 he appeared in Italy and gave concerts in Romania and Hungary. A major achievement was to secure popularity for Orff\u2019s <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/carmina-burana-lyrics-composer\">Carmina Burana<\/a><\/strong><\/em>, a score that had aroused some hostility from the Nazi hierarchy at its first performance in 1937 before Karajan\u2019s performances in Aachen and Berlin during the early 1940s.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-karajan-and-the-nazis-an-opportunistic-relationship\">Karajan and the Nazis: an opportunistic relationship<\/h2><p>Driven by a fanatical love of music and a desire to advance his career, there\u2019s little doubt that Karajan\u2019s involvement with the Nazi regime was opportunistic. <\/p><p>Doubtless though there were also areas of Nazi policy that may well have chimed in with his own views. At the same time falling foul of the regime on occasions, his personal ideology can be best described as a montage of greys; nothing is ever clear-cut and nor perhaps should be our assessment of his work.<\/p><p\/> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Monday, 05 August 2024 at 10:00 AM Read on to discover Karajan&#8217;s relationship with the Nazi Party&#8230; The Soprano Christa Ludwig described him as \u2018Le bon Dieu\u2019. And scores of musicians, reviewers and listeners have long regarded him as simply untouchable in the art of conducting. Principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":45852,"template":"","categories":[1,17],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"6"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/08\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-ambitious-autocrat-and-nazi-party-member.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/08\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-ambitious-autocrat-and-nazi-party-member-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/08\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-ambitious-autocrat-and-nazi-party-member-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/08\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-ambitious-autocrat-and-nazi-party-member-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/08\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-ambitious-autocrat-and-nazi-party-member-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/08\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-ambitious-autocrat-and-nazi-party-member.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/08\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-ambitious-autocrat-and-nazi-party-member.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Monday, 05 August 2024 at 10:00 AM Read on to discover Karajan&#8217;s relationship with the Nazi Party&#8230; The Soprano Christa Ludwig described him as \u2018Le bon Dieu\u2019. And scores of musicians, reviewers and listeners have long regarded him as simply untouchable in the art of conducting. Principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic for&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/45851"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45851"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}