{"id":45915,"date":"2024-08-12T15:09:43","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T13:09:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/a131a154-fc31-45c2-af08-1e4bd958b50f"},"modified":"2024-08-12T16:08:32","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T14:08:32","slug":"there-is-an-optimal-arousal-level-why-do-we-get-stage-fright-and-how-can-we-conquer-it","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/there-is-an-optimal-arousal-level-why-do-we-get-stage-fright-and-how-can-we-conquer-it\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;There is an optimal arousal level&#8217;: why do we get stage fright, and how can we conquer it?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Monday, 12 August 2024 at 13:09 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>You know the feeling: the racing heartbeat; the clammy palms; the snakes in your stomach; the terror that ridicule and infamy may be close at hand.<\/p><p>Stage fright is not limited to a select few. Actors, athletes, broadcasters, teachers, politicians, royalty \u2013 all are susceptible. And that goes for anybody required to give a performance, be it a sermon, PowerPoint presentation or karaoke.<\/p><p>Fear of public humiliation is a universal emotion and one that manifests itself in a universal way. \u2018That\u2019s the flight-or-fight response,\u2019 explains Dr Philip Fine, senior lecturer in psychology at Buckingham University. \u2018Even though there may be no bear coming at you, no cliff you\u2019re about to fall off, there is a fear of what might happen, a fear of looking stupid.\u2019 <\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-stage-fright-is-a-taboo-among-musicians\">Why stage fright is a taboo among musicians<\/h2><p>When it comes to music making, however, there\u2019s a strange conflict at play. That\u2019s because symptoms of the flight-or-fight response, including trembling fingers, muscle tension, shortness of breath and slippery palms, can interfere with the physical precision required to sing or to play an instrument. This may help to explain why stage fright remains such a taboo among musicians. <\/p><p>\u2018Stage fright is so common in performers,\u2019 says pianist Steven Osborne who has given several talks on the subject. \u2018But it\u2019s seen as a weakness, as if it were a cancer that you could cut out.\u2019 Easier said than done. And when anxiety is extreme, it can be extremely difficult to \u2018cut out\u2019.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/reviews\/instrumental\/debussy-piano-works-steven-osborne\">Review: Steven Osborne plays Debussy<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u2018I used to have big red blotches on my chest which was adrenaline caused by nerves,\u2019 says <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-soprano\">soprano<\/a><\/strong> Dame Anne Evans, one of Bayreuth\u2019s most famous <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/richard-wagner\">Wagner<\/a><\/strong> interpreters. Anne recalls one particular occasion when, as a young singer with English National Opera, she sang her first Violetta in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/giuseppe-verdi\">Verdi<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s <em>La traviata<\/em>.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"37 Dame Anne Evans #50YearsofOpera \u01c0 English National Opera\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/H99Ae1srL58?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-was-out-of-myself-and-watching-my-performance-from-the-wings\">&#8216;I was out of myself and watching my performance from the wings&#8217;<\/h2><p>\u2018For the big first-act <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-aria\">aria<\/a><\/strong>, which is a nightmare for any soprano, I was so nervous. My heart was beating so fast. The next thing, I was out of myself and watching my performance from the wings. It was extraordinary. Then at the end of the aria I was back inside myself and it had gone quite well. I think maybe I might have had a heart attack if I had stayed in my body.\u2019<\/p><p>But what exactly is it that professional performers fear?<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/best-recordings-steven-isserlis\">Cellist Steven Isserlis<\/a><\/strong>, who admits to feeling acute anxiety before he goes on stage, has a particular fear of memory lapses, ever since he had a big one in his early twenties. \u2018I\u2019m often quite relaxed when I have the music there. But forgetting is just horrible \u2013 the feeling that you\u2019re out of control,\u2019 he says. \u2018There\u2019s that famous football manager who said \u201cit\u2019s not a matter of life and death, it\u2019s much more important than that\u201d. And that\u2019s how you have to feel about music. I remember my bad performances forever.\u2019<\/p><p>Steven Osborne, however, is a touch more sanguine. \u2018Being a brain surgeon: that\u2019s a job with pressure,\u2019 he says; \u2018you make a little mistake and somebody could die. But on stage, you play a wrong note and probably 90 per cent won\u2019t notice.\u2019 <\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Inside the music with pianist Steven Osborne\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dFexCkS2HNY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prioritise-the-bigger-picture\">Prioritise the bigger picture <\/h2><p>Evidently, control is inextricably linked with stage fright. That\u2019s partly why thorough preparation is so crucial. But there\u2019s more to it than that. Research has identified various personality traits that are often associated with anxiety, including introversion, neuroticism and perfectionism. On the whole, musicians convinced that minor mistakes will ruin their performances are more prone to nerves than those who prioritise \u2018the bigger picture\u2019. <\/p><p>The Polish pianist Arthur Rubinstein, one of the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/20-greatest-pianists-all-time\">greatest pianists of all time<\/a><\/strong>, seemed to understand this when he said, \u2018Never mind if I miss one or two notes. The big line is the thing\u2026 I think I am the champion of playing wrong notes, but I don\u2019t care. And the public doesn\u2019t seem to care much.\u2019<\/p><p>Which is just as well. Because, for many performers, what the public does think is a huge source of anxiety. \u2018I always used to hate it when I got told there was such-and-such a promoter in the audience,\u2019 admits Osborne.<\/p><p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sN7gTSKUxm0\" width=\"625\"\/><\/p><p>The presence of critics and musical experts can be equally disturbing: an aspiring cellist probably wouldn\u2019t feel reassured knowing that Steven Isserlis happened to be among the listeners. Isserlis, for his part, confesses to feeling very nervous when performing in front of his students. \u2018After tearing them to shreds you don\u2019t want them to tear you to shreds,\u2019 he says. <\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-it-s-a-bit-like-a-blood-sport\">&#8216;It&#8217;s a bit like a blood sport&#8217;<\/h2><p>And when the audience does make its displeasure known, that makes things so much worse. \u2018It\u2019s a bit like a blood sport,\u2019 says Evans. \u2018If the public doesn\u2019t like a singer, they will boo. It hasn\u2019t happened to me but I have seen it happen to people and they lose their confidence completely.\u2019 <\/p><p>In <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Psychology-Musicians-Understanding-Acquiring-Skills\/dp\/0195146107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">their book <em>Psychology for Musicians<\/em><\/a><\/strong>, psychologists Andreas Lehmann, John Sloboda and Robert Wood divide anxiety-related factors into three categories. These are the musician\u2019s personal characteristics; the circumstances of the performance; and \u2018the musical task\u2019 in hand (the difficulty of repertoire, for example). But bring out the microscope and the list of triggers looks potentially endless, ranging from the size of the concert venue and the significance of the occasion to what the musician ate for lunch.<\/p><p>Unsurprisingly, the impact of anxiety on performance is also complex. At times, it can be beneficial. \u2018Although I hate the nerves I feel, I also know they stop me from getting blas\u00e9,\u2019 says Isserlis; \u2018nerves give my playing an added intensity\u2019. <\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-is-an-optimal-arousal-level\">There is an optimal arousal level<\/h2><p>But it can also be a hindrance, as Osborne points out. \u2018When I don\u2019t have any nerves, I feel like I connect much more directly with the audience. Think of those long conversations with friends when you\u2019re relaxed and can really get in touch with what you\u2019re feeling. To me, performing should be like that. Nerves can add a certain excitement, but I think you lose much more than you gain.\u2019 <\/p><p>According to a psychological principle named the Yerkes-Dodson Law, there is an optimal arousal level, at which performances gain a certain \u2018spark\u2019. Without it, the result can be dull, but when nervous energy is too intense, slip-ups start to creep in.<\/p><p>In the worst-case scenario, this can end in a vicious circle, with mistake piling on mistake once the performer is convinced that things are not going well. Isserlis compares performing to being on a tightrope: \u2018You could easily step off and plunge into the darkness.\u2019 <\/p><p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/27441087\" width=\"625\"\/><\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stage-fright-or-stage-addiction\">Stage fright&#8230; or stage addiction?<\/h2><p>Some find the risks so terrifying that one wonders why they put themselves through it at all. The violinist <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thomasgould.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Thomas Gould<\/strong><\/a>, leader of the Britten Sinfonia and the Aurora Orchestra, has a theory. \u2018Performing is an almost drug-like experience. I think that\u2019s why some soloists and other musicians lead quite high-octane lives outside their music-making: they want to recreate that high. They might have gambling addictions, or alcohol or drug addictions. And the biggest one is women addictions.\u2019<\/p><p>The twist here is that Gould himself suffers not from stage fright but from \u2018stage addiction\u2019. He puts it down to confidence. \u2018I actually get more nervous playing football because I\u2019m not particularly good at it and I always end up playing with people who are much better. But playing the violin is the thing that I\u2019m good at.\u2019<\/p><p>That\u2019s the sort of reasoning that might also suggest that nerves fade with increased experience. Certainly, that appears the case with violinist Julia Fischer. \u2018I don\u2019t get nervous,\u2019 she says. \u2018I guess you can compare performance to journalism \u2013 the first time you see your article in print it\u2019s exciting, but when you\u2019re churning articles out every second day you stop even looking for them in the paper.\u2019 <\/p><p>Not everybody shares Fischer\u2019s philosophy, however. \u2018When you\u2019re young you don\u2019t have quite as many nerves as when you get well into your career,\u2019 says Anne Evans, who is now in her 70s; \u2018when you\u2019re just beginning, people don\u2019t expect so much of you as when you\u2019re really into the big time.\u2019<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-potentially-fatal-but-also-manageable\">Potentially fatal&#8230; but also manageable<\/h2><p>Whatever its causes, stage fright is, in short, potentially fatal to the careers of even the most able and experiences of performers. The good news, however, is that in many cases, it can at least be managed \u2013 Alexander technique, systematic relaxation and drugs including beta blockers target physical symptoms while psychoanalysis, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/best-classical-music-meditation\">meditation<\/a><\/strong>, hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy all tackle the anxiety itself. Plenty of musicians have coping mechanisms of their own. Osborne will take a bath before performances; Isserlis drinks strong coffee and listens to The Beatles.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/best-classical-music-to-boost-your-mental-health\">Best classical music to boost your mental health<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/science-of-music\/music-and-mental-health\">Music and mental health: what science has revealed<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Sometimes a well-worded pep talk can do the trick, as Evans found while singing Br\u00fcnnhilde at Bayreuth. It was her first <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/wagner-valkyries-guide\">Die Walk\u00fcre<\/a><\/strong><\/em> and just before Act II, when Br\u00fcnnhilde makes her entry, conductor <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/daniel-barenboim\">Daniel Barenboim<\/a><\/strong> came into the dressing room. \u2018He took one glance at me \u2013 I was obviously looking white \u2013 and he said, \u201cYou know, Anne, the first act has gone really well, so don\u2019t f**k it up.\u201d It pricked the bubble and made me laugh,\u2019 she recalls.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/wagner-ring-cycle\">Greed, lust and corruption: why Wagner\u2019s epic Ring Cycle is still the greatest show on earth<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-connection-not-perfection\">Connection, not perfection<\/h2><p>But when nerves do set in, despite best efforts, the best policy can be acceptance. \u2018If you think \u201cHow can I cure my nerves to ensure that I\u2019m going to give a great concert?\u201d, that\u2019s the wrong starting point,\u2019 says Osborne. \u2018But if you allow yourself to realise that you\u2019re human, that the performance might not go well, but what you want to do is to connect to the audience, then that\u2019s the ideal.\u2019<\/p><p><em>This article first appeared in the August 2013 issue of BBC Music Magazine<\/em>.<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Monday, 12 August 2024 at 13:09 PM You know the feeling: the racing heartbeat; the clammy palms; the snakes in your stomach; the terror that ridicule and infamy may be close at hand. Stage fright is not limited to a select few. Actors, athletes, broadcasters, teachers, politicians, royalty \u2013 all are susceptible. 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Stage fright is not limited to a select few. Actors, athletes, broadcasters, teachers, politicians, royalty \u2013 all are susceptible. And&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/45915"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}