{"id":47962,"date":"2024-09-20T14:45:21","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T12:45:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/200064f2-0890-45ec-906a-b1900dfeceba"},"modified":"2024-09-20T15:07:17","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T13:07:17","slug":"narcissist-adulterer-social-climber-frustrated-genius-who-was-alma-mahler","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/narcissist-adulterer-social-climber-frustrated-genius-who-was-alma-mahler\/","title":{"rendered":"Narcissist, adulterer, social climber, frustrated genius&#8230; Who was Alma Mahler?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Friday, 20 September 2024 at 12:45 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p><strong>Was Gustav Mahler&#8217;s wife, Alma Mahler really a narcissistic and coldly serial seducer of powerful men? Read on to find out&#8230;<\/strong><\/p><p>Alma Mahler\u2019s reputation as a serial, trophy-hunting adultress, alluring and then casting off one artistic giant after another, may be ineradicable but only partly justified. Certainly, in addition to her three husbands \u2013 the composer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/gustav-mahler\"><strong>Gustav Mahle<\/strong>r<\/a>, the architect Walter Gropius and the writer Franz Werfel \u2013 she enjoyed the favours of a number of talented men.<\/p><p>But too few commentators have tried to see things from Alma\u2019s point of view, rather than portray her as an opportunistic social climber, neglectful of her wifely duties to a series of distinguished creative artists.<\/p><p>Some of Alma\u2019s character traits, combined with a penchant for anti-Semitic remarks (despite her various Jewish husbands and acquaintances), make her a complex, perplexing figure maybe hard to love yet worthy of our attention.<\/p><p>But quite apart from the fact that Alma Mahler was a highly intelligent, accomplished <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/20-greatest-pianists-all-time\">pianist<\/a><\/strong> and singer, and a composer of even greater potential, any attempt to understand her has to take into account the social and psychological circumstances of her upbringing. <\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/most-famous-female-composers\">The best female composers of all time<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Marriage to Gustav Mahler&#8230; and his demand that Alma abandon composing<\/h2><p>Early admirers included the artist Gustav Klimt and the composer and conductor Alexander Zemlinsky, with whom Alma had composition lessons from 1900. Zemlinsky unsurprisingly fell in love with his attractive 21-year-old pupil and Alma was sufficiently enamoured to consider marrying him.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/composers-love-lives\">These 6 composers had miserable love lives &#8211; but forged sublime music from them<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>But then Mahler spun into her orbit and after suffering agonies of indecision, she cast her lot with him. By the terms of an extraordinary pre-nuptial agreement, on which Mahler insisted and to which Alma consented with extreme reluctance, she gave up composing. Mahler feared that a wife who spent her time being creative would not give him the undivided attention he required.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/what-is-mahlers-music-about\">&#8216;Outsider music&#8217; or ranting hyperbole: what is Gustav Mahler&#8217;s music actually about?<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Why did Alma agree to Mahler\u2019s ban on her own creativity? And why \u2013 her detractors ask \u2013 if she was so serious about composition, did she not return to it after Mahler\u2019s death in 1911? Alma Mahler, after all, was to live another 53 years \u2013 she died as an American citizen in New York in 1964. In short, she was keen to marry and Mahler\u2019s talent made him worthy of her attention. She felt that marriage would give her empty life a meaning and that it would be a noble act. <\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/best-recordings-mahlers-symphony-no-5\/\"><strong>The best recordings of Mahler&#8217;s Symphony No. 5<\/strong><\/a> <\/li><\/ul><p>Mahler had warned her of the likely deprivation involved and she was determined to prove herself strong enough to withstand it. As for not returning to composition, she felt that her status as Mahler\u2019s widow required her to move on. She surely realised that the lack of a rigorous conservatoire education would lay her open to ridicule.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/which-is-the-best-mahler-symphony\">Best Mahler symphonies: ranking the nine completed symphonies by Gustav Mahler<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hostility from Gustav Mahler&#8217;s admiring commentators<\/h2><p>Scepticism about Alma, verging on outright hostility, has long been the default position of Mahler commentators. The eminent Mahlerian Henry-Louis de La Grange, author of a monumental four-volume biography of the composer, was first off the mark in a 1969 magazine article, while the biography was still maturating. Here he presented Alma as an ambitious, calculating and unreliable witness.<\/p><p>By the final volume of his biography, published in 1984, De La Grange sill struggled to understand Alma. He suggested that as an alcoholic with a \u2018near-pathological craving\u2019 for \u2018admiration and devotion\u2019 she was too self-centred to minister adequately to a creative genius.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hymne, Alma Mahler (5 lieder, 1924)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aId77kbEyxY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Alma Mahler<em> <\/em>&#8211; Five Lieder for voice and piano<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What do Alma Mahler&#8217;s memoirs reveal?<\/h2><p>Alma\u2019s stormiest affair was with the artist Oskar Kokoschka, who was able to come to terms with the inevitable break-up only by creating a life-size doll in the form of her, which he claimed to have taken to the opera. We assume that Alma destroyed most of her letters to Mahler, Kokoschka and Franz Werfel, no doubt for fear that they would tarnish her image to posterity. The diaries that have survived, on the other hand, are painfully candid and honest.<\/p><p>She also published two volumes of memoirs \u2013 <em>Gustav Mahler: Memories and Letters<\/em><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong>(1946) followed by <em>And the Bridge is Love<\/em><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong>(1959) \u2013 which, for all their inaccuracies and prevarications, are hardly an exercise in self-glorification. But De La Grange holds even that against Alma, accusing her of such \u2018boundless narcissism\u2019 that she could not bring herself to destroy the actual documents. Clearly she couldn\u2019t win.<\/p><p>Alma\u2019s autobiographies do provide a kind of truth as seen by her, coloured by personal experience; nor does she shrink from observations that reveal her feelings all too frankly. And indeed, De La Grange does admit that she left behind countless documents that actually contradict her published accounts. <\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/best-contemporary-female-composers\">Nine of the best contemporary female composers<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biographies of Alma Mahler<\/h2><p>Of recent biographies of Alma, the most comprehensively researched is that of Oliver Hilmes. His painstaking trawl of archives, plus court and medical records, brings valuable information to light about Alma Mahler, her family circle and acquaintances. But he brings little in the way of sensitivity to his interpretation of this material. Indeed the title of the English edition is <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.co.uk\/Malevolent-Muse-Oliver-Hilmes\/dp\/1555537898\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Malevolent Muse: the Life of Alma Mahler<\/a><\/em><\/strong>. (The German original, <em>Witwe im Wahn <\/em>\u2013 \u2018delusional widow\u2019 \u2013 is little better.)<\/p><p>Almost unbelievably, Hilmes resorts to Sigmund Freud\u2019s long discredited, misogynistic theories of female hysteria to explain Alma\u2019s behaviour.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bee Wilson: Alma Mahler, her music and men\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B2QUMN2Ep1c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bee Wilson discusses Alma Mahler&#8217;s life, music, relationships and anti-semitism<\/figcaption><\/figure><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/badly-behaved-composers\">&#8216;He rode his motorbike naked into the village&#8217;: 15 badly behaved composers<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rewriting the narrative<\/h2><p>A more empathetic interpretation would start from the observation that Alma Mahler had a troubled, unhappy childhood: her beloved father Emil Schindler died when she was 12 and when her mother remarried, she felt marginalised in the household. Her diaries reveal a wish to be at the centre of attention, stemming from a basic insecurity, even an inferiority complex.<\/p><p>Her compulsive flirtation arose from a desperate desire to be wanted: an inner need for self-respect. And the series of more or less disastrous affairs into which she threw herself can be seen as attempts to deal with unconscious sexual conflict by attracting and humiliating a series of lovers.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/musics-great-romantics\">Music&#8217;s great romantic couples<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>We should remember, too, that the diaries that survive are those of a young woman barely out of her teens. Mature and ahead of her time she may have been in many ways, but she was still suffering the pangs of love, the emotional turmoil and the lack of certainty about her place in the world. Alma was acutely aware that it was virtually impossible for a woman of her era, however accomplished and intelligent, to fulfil herself or fully realise her creative potential. (\u2018Oh! If only I had been born a boy!\u2019 she laments.)<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/best-love-songs-in-opera\">These are the most moving love songs in all of opera<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Marriage &#8211; the only path to self-fulfilment<\/h2><p>Marriage was the only viable option and Alma determined that being the wife of the prestigious director of the Vienna Court Opera was the most promising path to self-fulfilment, even if it meant sacrificing the one thing that meant most to her. <\/p><p>For all the frustrations of marrying an egotistical genius, she could earn a measure of satisfaction by facilitating the successful careers of such outstanding men as Mahler and Werfel.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: Alma Mahler Lieder und Ges\u00e4nge\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"352\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/album\/5IZS2KN27ijzJe10POkzkx?utm_source=oembed&amp;go=1&amp;play=1&amp;nd=1&amp;nd=1\"\/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Alma Mahler:<em> Lieder und Ges\u00e4nge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><ul><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/six-most-inspiring-women-music\"><strong>Six of the most inspiring women in music<\/strong><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alma Mahler&#8217;s compositions<\/h2><p>A more informed appreciation of Alma\u2019s accomplishments should take account of her compositional output, not least her song &#8216;Einsamer Gang&#8217;, written when she was barely out of her teens<em>. <\/em>It is clear that for Alma, musical composition provided a hugely important creative outlet.<\/p><p>Her diaries reveal that she composed prolifically: some 46 songs are mentioned by name and a further 27 without titles, though there may well have been others. She also wrote <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/instruments\/piano-parts\">piano<\/a><\/strong> music (including an unfinished sonata) and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-chamber-music\">chamber music<\/a><\/strong> (including a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/instruments\/violin-history\">violin<\/a><\/strong> sonata and a fragmentary piano trio). She only published 14 songs in her lifetime, and Susan Filler edited two further ones for the Hildegard Publishing Company in 2000. All the others were lost in World War II, so &#8216;Einsamer Gang&#8217;<em> <\/em>is only the 17th surviving song of a considerably greater output. <\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/six-best-works-fanny-mendelssohn\/\"><strong>Six of the best works by Fanny Mendelssohn<\/strong><\/a><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Publication of Alma Mahler&#8217;s songs<\/h2><p> In 1900 Alma\u2019s stepfather, the artist Carl Moll, decided to prepare a private publication of three of Alma\u2019s songs \u2013 &#8216;Leise weht ein erstes Bl\u00fchn&#8217;, &#8216;Meine N\u00e4chte&#8217; and &#8216;Einsamer Gang&#8217;<em> <\/em>\u2013 for her 21st birthday. Moll\u2019s friend Koloman Moser, another of the leading lights of the Viennese Secession, was to design the publication.<\/p><p>The songs were not published at that time after all, though they did reach the stage of printer\u2019s proofs, which Alma showed to Zemlinsky shortly before she began composition lessons with him. (She had already studied with the blind composer Josef Labor from 1894 or \u201995 and indeed continued with him for a short time even after beginning with Zemlinsky.) <\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/six-best-works-lili-boulanger\/\"><strong>Six of the best works by Lili Boulanger<\/strong><\/a><\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Einsamer Gang by ALMA MAHLER for TV Show De Zevende Dag VRT 1\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IEZrJ_xitZs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Soprano Elise Caluwaerts sings Alma Mahler&#8217;s &#8216;Einsamer gang&#8217;<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Those proofs are now among the Mahler-Werfel Papers in the Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts at the University of Pennsylvania, which acquired them as one of two lots auctioned at Sotheby\u2019s in the early 1990s. In 2018, &#8216;Einsamer gang&#8217; was given its UK premiere and published for the first time. <\/p><p>&#8216;Einsamer Gang&#8217;<em> <\/em>exemplifies Alma\u2019s customary sensitivity to the texts she set, and poignantly expresses the loneliness she felt in a world apparently indifferent to her needs. Her setting speaks more eloquently than any diary entry of the troubled spirit of this much misunderstood woman.<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Friday, 20 September 2024 at 12:45 PM Was Gustav Mahler&#8217;s wife, Alma Mahler really a narcissistic and coldly serial seducer of powerful men? Read on to find out&#8230; Alma Mahler\u2019s reputation as a serial, trophy-hunting adultress, alluring and then casting off one artistic giant after another, may be ineradicable but only partly justified. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":47963,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"8"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/09\/narcissist-adulterer-social-climber-frustrated-genius-who-was-alma-mahler.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/09\/narcissist-adulterer-social-climber-frustrated-genius-who-was-alma-mahler-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/09\/narcissist-adulterer-social-climber-frustrated-genius-who-was-alma-mahler-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/09\/narcissist-adulterer-social-climber-frustrated-genius-who-was-alma-mahler-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/09\/narcissist-adulterer-social-climber-frustrated-genius-who-was-alma-mahler-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/09\/narcissist-adulterer-social-climber-frustrated-genius-who-was-alma-mahler.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/09\/narcissist-adulterer-social-climber-frustrated-genius-who-was-alma-mahler.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Friday, 20 September 2024 at 12:45 PM Was Gustav Mahler&#8217;s wife, Alma Mahler really a narcissistic and coldly serial seducer of powerful men? Read on to find out&#8230; Alma Mahler\u2019s reputation as a serial, trophy-hunting adultress, alluring and then casting off one artistic giant after another, may be ineradicable but only partly justified.&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/47962"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}