{"id":48102,"date":"2024-10-08T11:08:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T09:08:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/6df83760-e76a-4066-8951-56ed05484684"},"modified":"2024-10-08T12:07:19","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T10:07:19","slug":"joseph-emidy-britains-first-black-composer-who-travelled-from-kidnap-and-slavery-to-violin-superstardom","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/joseph-emidy-britains-first-black-composer-who-travelled-from-kidnap-and-slavery-to-violin-superstardom\/","title":{"rendered":"Joseph Emidy: Britain&#8217;s first black composer, who travelled from kidnap and slavery to violin superstardom"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Tuesday, 08 October 2024 at 09:08 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>The violinist\u2019s last note hung in the air, and for a few moments there was silence. The audience at Wynn\u2019s Hotel in Falmouth were absorbing what they had just heard. A few began, hesitantly, to applaud. The rest continued to sit, as if under a spell. Then they erupted, rose to their feet, cheering and shouting their appreciation. <\/p><p>The concert had begun as billed, at 7pm on Thursday 19 August 1802. Of the six items on the programme, the centrepiece was the first performance of the violin concerto played by its celebrated young composer Joseph Emidy. Tickets for the event had sold out. <\/p><p>One concertgoer said that Emidy\u2019s playing achieved \u2018a degree of perfection never before heard in Cornwall\u2019. Musically literate, those present would have been familiar with pieces by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/mozart\/\">Mozart<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/joseph-haydn-2\/\">Haydn<\/a><\/strong> performed at concerts of regional or national orchestras, and may have heard the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/guide-beethovens-symphony-no-1\/\">First Symphony<\/a><\/strong> by a major new talent: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/ludwig-van-beethoven\">Ludwig van Beethoven<\/a><\/strong>. Many believed this local man was comparable to those Viennese masters.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Joseph Emidy\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mqCHnTlzPiY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-where-this-great-talent-came-from-was-a-mystery\">\u2018Where this great talent came from was a mystery&#8217;<\/h2><p>William Tuck, a former pupil, recalled he had heard \u2018most of the stars who have appeared on the London stage\u2019, but none of them, he believed, equalled Emidy. Tuck added, \u2018Where this great talent came from was always a mystery to me, and to all who came in contact with him.\u2019 Why such a mystery? Why such astonishment at Emidy\u2019s extraordinary ability? <\/p><p>Since a youngster, Joseph Antonio Emidy had played the violin. His patron had given him encouragement, lessons and a high-quality instrument. Nothing unusual in that. <\/p><p>Emidy\u2019s tombstone, in a churchyard just outside Truro, provides some clues. Its inscription, weathered and partially concealed by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/how-to\/identify-wildlife\/lichen\/\">lichen<\/a><\/strong>, states the deceased was a migrant, \u2018a native of Portugal\u2019, a country he left \u2018about forty years since\u2019 to live in Cornwall. These words do not tell the whole story. And according to James Silk Buckingham, another of Emidy\u2019s students and later friend, it was a story \u2018too remarkable to be passed over in silence\u2019.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-so-where-was-joseph-emidy-from\">So, where was Joseph Emidy from?<\/h2><p>Although Emidy\u2019s early life was spent in Portugal, he was born in West Africa, then brought to Europe as a slave. Only through the memoirs of Buckingham and Tuck, a few brief newspaper accounts, naval records and a painting do we learn anything about this virtuosic violinist. All his music has been lost. <\/p><p>In his autobiography, Buckingham recounts how he met Emidy. Realising the study of music was \u2018a most agreeable recommendation in female society\u2019, the 18-year-old Buckingham took <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/instruments\/flute\">flute<\/a><\/strong> lessons. In Falmouth where he lived, the one available teacher, \u2018who taught equally well the piano, violin, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/instruments\/cello\">violoncello<\/a><\/strong>, clarionet, and flute&#8230; was an African negro, named Emidee\u2026 an exquisite violinist, a good composer, who led at all the concerts of the county\u2019. <\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"macd on Joseph and Thomas Emidy\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wgKqQYWykRA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-his-talent-soar-d-and-genius-marked-his-flight\">\u2018His talent soar\u2019d and genius marked his flight\u2019 <\/h2><p>Where did this musical versatility originate? Emidy\u2019s love of music probably began before he was stolen from his homeland. Perhaps he played the <i>N\u2019goni<\/i>, a rhythm <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/instruments\/what-is-a-harp\/\">harp<\/a><\/strong>, or the 21-string <i>kora<\/i>, or the xylophone-like <i>balafon<\/i>. Wherever it came from, as Emidy\u2019s tombstone asserts, \u2018His talent soar\u2019d and genius marked his flight.\u2019 <\/p><p>During their daily lesson, Emidy told Buckingham his history, and it\u2019s apparent his \u2018genius\u2019 extended beyond music. He was also an accomplished linguist. In what was now his third language, he confided how \u2018he was born in Guinea&#8230; sold into slavery to some Portuguese traders, taken by them to the Brazils when quite a boy, and ultimately came to Lisbon with his owner or master\u2019.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-june-1795-a-moment-that-changed-emidy-s-life\">June 1795: A moment that changed Emidy&#8217;s life<\/h2><p>Buckingham takes up Emidy\u2019s narrative from his arrival in Lisbon. The transportation of slaves to Portugal had been outlawed in 1761: therefore, on or before his arrival in Lisbon, Emidy would have been granted liberty. However, it is likely he remained with his former owner\u2019s family. Immediately recognising Emidy as a gifted player, they supplied him with a violin and a teacher. They probably realised what an asset he would be at their soir\u00e9es and balls. <\/p><p>Lisbon was a vibrant coastal city, but most importantly, it had an opera orchestra. After a few years, Emidy was invited to join its second violins. He was on the threshold of a promising musical career. What happened next changed all that.<\/p><p>In June 1795, a group of English naval officers from the British frigate <i>HMS Indefatigable<\/i> had a night at the opera. Among them was Sir Edward Pellew, the ship\u2019s celebrated Cornish captain. Since May, <i>Indefatigable<\/i> had been docked in the river Tagus undergoing repairs. Now, the crew were again turning their thoughts seaward, and looking forward to some morale-boosting music on board. But there was a problem; they lacked a good fiddler.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kidnapped-violin-and-all\">Kidnapped &#8211; violin and all<\/h2><p>Buckingham reports: \u2018Sir Edward, observing the energy with which the young negro plied his violin in the orchestra, conceived the idea of impressing him for the service.\u2019 Pellew instructed his lieutenants to wait for Emidy to leave the theatre, kidnap him, violin and all, and take him to the ship. <\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sir Edward Pellew, captain of HMS Indefatigable, who had Joseph Emidy kidnapped. Pic: Getty Images &#8211; Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>The<i> Indefatigable<\/i>\u2019s<i> <\/i>muster book of 1795 records an alternative version of events. It lists \u2018Joshua Emede&#8230; Landsman\u2019 as a volunteer, who entered the ship on 24 June. Well, they could hardly admit they kidnapped him. For the second time, Emidy was abducted, \u2018forced, against his will, to descend from the higher regions of the music in which he delighted \u2013 Gluck, Haydn, Cimarosa and Mozart \u2013 to desecrate his violin to hornpipes, jigs, and reels, which he loathed and detested\u2019.<\/p><p>Because he left the captain in no doubt he would escape at the first opportunity, Emidy was not allowed ashore until released as a free man in 1799. Until recently, it was believed the reluctant seaman then disembarked at Plymouth and made his way to Falmouth. In fact, it seems Emidy willingly followed Pellew to his next ship. <\/p><p>The muster book for <i>Imp\u00e9tueux<\/i> lists \u2018Joseph Emede\u2019 in May 1799 and in subsequent years. Now ranked as an able seaman, this suggests Pellew thought highly enough of Emidy to invite him on board his new ship, with promotion. Pellew was no doubt keen to take advantage of the man\u2019s exceptional facilities and willingness to learn.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-vanished-back-catalogue\">A vanished back catalogue<\/h2><p>With better pay and a share in the prize money, Emidy could hope to accumulate enough funds to set himself up as a musician in England. It didn\u2019t take long. He came ashore in Plymouth in April 1802. Four months later, he was leading the Falmouth Harmonic Society in his \u2018Grand Miscellaneous Concert\u2019.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1189\" height=\"1122\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2024\/07\/Emidy_GrahamHall_cmyk.jpg\" alt=\"Statue of Joseph Emidy by Graham Hall at Falmouth Docks, Cornwall, UK\" class=\"wp-image-208952\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Statue of Joseph Emidy by Graham Hall at Falmouth Docks, Cornwall, UK<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>It was promoted as \u2018under the patronage of several respectable gentlemen\u2019; one of them was surely Sir Edward Pellew, around whom the social life of Falmouth revolved. Emidy, like Buckingham, soon discovered music was alluring to ladies. Not long after arriving in Falmouth he married a Cornish woman, Jenefer Hutchins. After the birth of their sixth child, they moved to Truro, the fashionable town most likely to provide audiences for regular concerts. <\/p><p>Domestic life didn\u2019t distract Emidy. In 1815, just two years after Philharmonic concerts were established in London, Emidy set up the Truro Philharmonic Orchestra. The leader? Joseph Emidy, of course. As well as playing he continued composing, producing concertos for the violin, mandolin, guitar, horn and Kentish bugle, quartets, quintets and symphonies, even some variations on a Grecian air for piano. Glowing reviews typically praised the \u2018exquisite skill\u2019 of Emidy\u2019s execution. Yet, like all his music, these pieces have disappeared. <\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-he-might-have-become-a-mendelssohn-or-a-beethoven\">He might have become a Mendelssohn or a Beethoven<\/h2><p>When Emidy died in 1835, Buckingham summed up the loss to the world of music: \u2018With the same advantages as were enjoyed by most of the great composers of Europe, this man might have become a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/felix-mendelssohn\">Mendelssohn<\/a><\/strong> or a Beethoven; but as it was, it was the achievement of extraordinary perfection, in spite of a thousand obstacles and difficulties.\u2019<\/p><p>Today, visitors to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/truro-cathedral-choir-facts-history\/\">Truro Cathedral<\/a><\/strong> are told about Emidy\u2019s life. Leading tours, Dee Gordon Jackson, orchestra and soloists manager of Three Spires Singers, is proud to point out the boss dedicated to him on the ceiling. \u2018Emidy\u2019s musicianship transcended all barriers,\u2019 she says. \u2018How sad his compositions are lost; just imagine them being played today in the Cathedral!\u2019<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-and-where-is-joseph-emidy-s-music-now\">And where is Joseph Emidy&#8217;s music now?<\/h2><p>So that leaves us with the question of what happened to Emidy\u2019s lost music. Does it lie silenced under a stack of dusty manuscripts in a Cornish attic? Did someone claim it as their own? Some musicologists believe it might resurface because it was distributed around musical societies. If so, let\u2019s hope one day it finds its way back to the music stands and the final, most exciting chapter can be written about Joseph Antonio Emidy. <\/p><div class=\"wp-block-group highlight-box is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/best-black-composers-you-should-know-about\/\">The best black composers you should know about<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/bologne-joseph\/\">Meet Joseph Bologne, known as the black Mazart<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/><p>Main image: Joseph Antonio Emidy statue in Falmouth \u00a9 Graham Hall<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Tuesday, 08 October 2024 at 09:08 AM The violinist\u2019s last note hung in the air, and for a few moments there was silence. The audience at Wynn\u2019s Hotel in Falmouth were absorbing what they had just heard. A few began, hesitantly, to applaud. The rest continued to sit, as if under a spell. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":48103,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"7"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/joseph-emidy-britains-first-black-composer-who-travelled-from-kidnap-and-slavery-to-violin-superstardom.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/joseph-emidy-britains-first-black-composer-who-travelled-from-kidnap-and-slavery-to-violin-superstardom-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/joseph-emidy-britains-first-black-composer-who-travelled-from-kidnap-and-slavery-to-violin-superstardom-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/joseph-emidy-britains-first-black-composer-who-travelled-from-kidnap-and-slavery-to-violin-superstardom-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/joseph-emidy-britains-first-black-composer-who-travelled-from-kidnap-and-slavery-to-violin-superstardom-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/joseph-emidy-britains-first-black-composer-who-travelled-from-kidnap-and-slavery-to-violin-superstardom.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/joseph-emidy-britains-first-black-composer-who-travelled-from-kidnap-and-slavery-to-violin-superstardom.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Tuesday, 08 October 2024 at 09:08 AM The violinist\u2019s last note hung in the air, and for a few moments there was silence. The audience at Wynn\u2019s Hotel in Falmouth were absorbing what they had just heard. A few began, hesitantly, to applaud. The rest continued to sit, as if under a spell.&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/48102"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}