{"id":48880,"date":"2024-10-22T13:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/4dc17b5a-5600-4391-9d7a-cc6343f166f4"},"modified":"2024-10-22T14:07:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T12:07:17","slug":"verdi-the-composer-who-battled-grave-personal-tragedies-to-become-a-national-icon","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/verdi-the-composer-who-battled-grave-personal-tragedies-to-become-a-national-icon\/","title":{"rendered":"Verdi: the composer who battled grave personal tragedies to become a national icon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Tuesday, 22 October 2024 at 11:30 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>In paintings and in photographs, from youth to old age, Giuseppe Verdi cuts a rather severe figure \u2013 his brow creased, his mouth turned resolutely down beneath that bushy beard, his mood solemn and inscrutable. Only in some of the photographs taken late in life do we glimpse a twinkle in the eyes, as if<br\/>the man had finally started to let down his guard. <\/p><p>One wonders what he thought about the life he had lived, across almost a century of drastic social change and dramatic political events, of personal sorrows and astonishing professional achievements. The journey from son of a rural innkeeper to country squire \u2013 a rags-to-riches narrative that he was not averse to embellishing \u2013 had been a long one.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Giuseppe Verdi near the end of his life. Pic: Hulton Archive \/ Getty Images &#8211; Hulton Archive \/ Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Verdi was born before the Battle of Waterloo; he died during the Boer War. He lived through revolutions and the much-longed-for unification of his country. He could be a harsh taskmaster with librettists and singers, ill-humoured at times, yet was capable of acts of great charity, founding a hospital near Parma and a retirement home for musicians in Milan. <\/p><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The act of creativity often gave him headaches, stomach aches and sore throats<\/h6><p>Verdi witnessed the death of both his children in infancy, followed soon after by that of his first wife. He was ostracised by his local community for living out of wedlock for years with the soprano Giuseppina Strepponi. The act of creativity often gave him headaches, stomach aches and sore throats.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who was Giuseppe Verdi?<\/h2><p>Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) was one of the most influential Italian opera composers of the 19th century. His operas, with their intense emotional power and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-a-melody\">melodic<\/a><\/strong> richness, have earned their place at the centre of the opera and classical repertoire. Powerful and emotive, Verdi&#8217;s operas are often driven by basic human emotions and dramatic conflicts, such as love, power, betrayal, and redemption.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Verdi - Nabucco Va Pensiero - MET 2002\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GS6L_9xUT5E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>Giuseppe Verdi was born in Le Roncole near Parma in 1813, the first child of Carlo, an innkeeper, and Luigia, a spinner. He began his life as a subject of the duchy of Parma in an Italy largely enclosed within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Both he and his music were associated with the <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Risorgimento\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Risorgimento<\/a><\/em><\/strong> cause that would turn the disparate states that made up the peninsular into a unified nation. Verdi himself served as a deputy in the first Italian parliament for four years from 1861. <\/p><p>For a period of 50 years in the 19th century, Giuseppe Verdi dominated the world of Italian opera. His first great opera, <em>Nabucco<\/em>, made him a national figure when it was unveiled at <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/when-was-milans-la-scala-built\/\">La Scala in Milan<\/a><\/strong> in 1842. At the same venue in 1893, his final masterpiece, <em>Falstaff<\/em>, showed him still a force to be reckoned with when a group of composers two generations younger than himself was beginning to make its mark. From an international perspective, by this point Verdi represented not merely Italian opera, but virtually Italy itself.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Falstaff 6 Minute Highlights - San Francisco Opera (2013)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NKDiF3f2RXs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8216;Foreign critics constantly referred to his music as crude and noisy&#8217;<\/h3><p>Part of Verdi&#8217;s dominance can be ascribed to good timing. When he composed his very first opera, <em>Oberto<\/em>, in 1839, the Italian opera scene was looking depleted. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/vincenzo-bellini\/\">Bellini<\/a><\/strong> was dead, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/gioachino-rossini\">Rossini<\/a><\/strong> had retired from operatic composition, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/gaetano-donizetti\"><strong>Donizetti<\/strong><\/a>, his eyes largely on Paris and Vienna, had less than a decade to live. Within Italy itself, lesser figures such as Saverio Mercadante and Giovanni Pacini maintained active careers. <\/p><p>Verdi\u2019s initial style was certainly less complex or learned than that of Mercadante; foreign critics, like the influential Henry Chorley in London, constantly referred to his music as crude and noisy \u2013 which, compared to the later works of Donizetti, it was.<\/p><p>But, even at this date, Verdi\u2019s music possessed virtues that impressed and excited audiences. Part of the appeal of the early operas lies in their sheer immediacy. They make their points quickly, viscerally and with a sense of what works in the theatre. <\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Verdi was never ashamed of the popularity of his music<\/h3><p>Over the ensuing decades, Verdi would develop and refine every aspect of his art, eventually acquiring a subtlety that enabled him to respond to the drama with finesse as well as power. Of course, there were subtleties in the earliest works that gave them distinction; an effect such as the six solo <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/instruments\/cello\">cellos<\/a><\/strong> introducing the prophet Zaccaria\u2019s <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-aria\/\">aria<\/a> <\/strong>in <em>Nabucco<\/em> would have appealed, as it still does, to connoisseurs.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Verdi: Nabucco, Aria di Zaccaria &quot;Sperate, o figli... D'Egitto la sui lidi...&quot; - Dmitry Beloselskiy\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KJrP5Ra3lSo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>Even so, the more mature Verdi could be critical of his early scores. When he revised the 1847 <em>Macbeth<\/em> for a Parisian production in 1865, he wrote of \u2018passages that are weak and, what is worse, lacking in character\u2019, replacing them with more dramatically focused material.<\/p><p>Verdi was never ashamed of the popularity of his music. \u2018When you go to India, or the interior of Africa, you\u2019ll hear <em>Trovatore<\/em>,\u2019 he wrote in 1862, with slight exaggeration (though within six years of its 1853 premiere the opera had been performed on six continents). He also believed that the true measure of a work\u2019s value was not the critical reaction at the first performance, but the box-office at the sixth. <\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/verdis-requiem-best-recordings\/\">Verdi&#8217;s Requiem: the best recordings<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Il Trovatore Anvil Chorus Met Opera\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MdX3T_Kjcos?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What was Verdi like as a person?<\/h2><p>Verdi the man was a complex individual, capable on the one hand of great acts of generosity, and on the other of a harshness that is, at times, shocking. At the end of his life, he claimed the greatest of his works to be the retirement home he founded in Milan for elderly operatic artists fallen on hard times. He also endowed a hospital at Villanova, not far from his birthplace. His talent made him a wealthy man and numerous acts of personal kindness demonstrate his philanthropy.<\/p><p>Nevertheless, people who fell foul of him \u2013 a group that included his own parents, whom he repudiated after a major disagreement whose exact nature remains unknown \u2013 were rarely forgiven. His rejection of the conductor Angelo Mariani, a one-time close associate and devoted interpreter, was pursued with vindictive intensity; again, it is uncertain whether rivalry over the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-soprano\">soprano<\/a><\/strong> Teresa Stolz \u2013 Mariani\u2019s fianc\u00e9e and subsequently, according to gossip, Verdi\u2019s mistress \u2013 led to the end of their friendship. <\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When did Verdi marry?<\/h2><p>Verdi eventually married Giuseppina Strepponi, with whom he had been in a long-term relationship, in 1859. Strepponi&#8217;s many acclaimed roles included Abigaille in the premiere of <i>Nabucco<\/i> in 1842. <\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/20-greatest-sopranos-all-time\">Greatest sopranos of all time: 20 immortal divas, from Leontyne Price to Maria Callas<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Was Verdi religious?<\/h2><p>In later years, Verdi exaggerated the poverty of his upbringing \u2013 his innkeeper father owned property in the area of Busseto, where Verdi was born and where he returned to live in his maturity. As for religion, although Verdi gave the 19th century one of its greatest religious works in the shape of the Requiem, he was in all but name an atheist. <\/p><p>That he never forgave local clerics for opposing his youthful candidature for a post in Busseto is arguably apparent from the various negative portrayals of priests in his operas \u2013 though these also have a larger context in papal opposition to a united Italy and in Verdi\u2019s overall liberal stance.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: Rossini: Stabat Mater\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"352\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/album\/5nekImhuQccc3AYugTUJfu?utm_source=oembed\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>While patriotism motivated Verdi just as nationalism did his exact contemporary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/richard-wagner\"><strong>Wagner<\/strong><\/a>, it neither consumed him nor contained any racist overtones. He did warn, however, of the danger of Italian culture losing its essential character by being influenced by foreign \u2013 and specifically \u2013 German techniques. Wary of the impact of Wagner the artist, he offered his own refutation of Wagner\u2019s theories and methods in the renaissance of Italianate lyricism exemplified by <em>Otello<\/em> and <em>Falstaff<\/em>.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/best-italian-composers-of-all-time\">The greatest Italian composers of all time<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>The fierceness of Verdi\u2019s manner in his personal dealings \u2013 he called himself \u2018the bear of Busseto\u2019 \u2013 had a more positive side in his artistic collaborations. The ceaseless demands he made of his librettists \u2013 notably the loyal Francisco Maria Piave, who wrote the texts for ten of his 28 operas \u2013 was borne of a determination to take the drama every bit as seriously as the music, and to make them work together for the same artistic aim. Nothing could be allowed to get in the way of this goal, which Verdi pursued in score after score with an integrity that has been matched by only a handful of other operatic composers, and exceeded by none. <\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Verdi&#8217;s influences &#8211; from Shakespeare to Ancient Egypt<\/h2><p>Across the course of his composing career, Verdi moved gradually away from the rigid musical conventions of Italian <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/best-romantic-composers\">Romantic<\/a><\/strong> opera, developing a keen interest in literature from Schiller to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/classical-music-inspired-shakespeare\">Shakespeare<\/a><\/strong> and a determination to put drama on an equal plane with music.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sonya Yoncheva - Verdi: Otello, Ave Maria, piena di grazia\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iQ6sXAY-Qx8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>By the 1860s, he had become the most famous and powerful Italian opera composer of his era. With acclaim, money and clout came the luxury of being able to take his time over character psychology, to give each opera its own distinctive musical \u2018tinta\u2019, as he put it. The gaps between his works became longer, the subjects and the musical style more varied. <\/p><p>Verdi wrote operas on a larger canvas (the five-act, French-style Grand Opera <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/verdi-don-carlos-best-recordings\">Don Carlos<\/a><\/strong><\/em>) and that required lavish scenic spectacle (<em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/when-and-why-did-verdi-write-aida\">Aida<\/a><\/strong><\/em>). Ever the perfectionist, he returned to operas written earlier in his career \u2013 <em>Simon Boccanegra, Macbeth <\/em>\u2013 revising and modernising them for new contexts.<\/p><p>Verdi\u2019s final two Shakespearean operas, <em>Otello <\/em>and <em>Falstaff<\/em>, written in a glorious Indian summer and often regarded as the preserve of Verdi connoisseurs, took him to new realms of musical and dramatic sophistication. The correspondence with the librettist Arrigo Boito surrounding <em>Otello <\/em>shows the extent to which Verdi was by now involved in crafting the drama as well as the music. <\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Maria Callas sings Verdi: Don Carlo: &quot;Tu che le vanit\u00e0&quot; (Hamburg, 1959)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dFVDxvg5TMM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>Subtleties of characterisation were now paramount, Verdi specifying, for example, exactly how he envisaged the role of Iago to be acted, with \u2018an absent-minded manner, nonchalant, indifferent to everything, disbelieving, witty, speaking well and ill lightly, with an air of having his thoughts on matters quite different from those he is speaking about\u2019. Working with Boito prompted Verdi to develop a new, more flexible and responsive musical language, better suited to the subtleties of the text.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Verdi and the censors<\/h2><p>Despite the creative freedoms he came to enjoy as Italy\u2019s leading opera composer, Verdi often faced difficulties bringing his works to the stage in the form in which he wanted them. Opera houses were regarded as founts of potential sedition and disorder in Italy, particularly after the revolutions of 1848, and operas could be censored on political, moral or religious grounds. <\/p><p>State censorship was heavy-handed: libretti were scrutinised for inflammatory subjects or language. There was no single set of rules for the peninsula, but as a rule of thumb, they tended to be strictest in Rome and Naples. Regional bans on topics like conspiracy, assassination, disrespect towards rulers, suicide or illicit love affairs made life difficult for an opera composer.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/composers-love-lives\">These six composers had miserable love lives &#8211; but forged sublime music from them<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Verdi and his librettists frequently found themselves hauled up in front of the authorities and asked to account for themselves whenever rumour had it that an opera was about to appear on a subject that was deemed in some way provocative. <em>I Lombardi alla prima crociata <\/em>offended both the church and the police authorities, but Verdi remained resolute, stating \u2018It shall be given as it is or not given at all\u2019. <\/p><p>For <em>Stiffelio<\/em>, meanwhile, Verdi and his librettist were forced, reluctantly, to accept changes \u2013 the subject matter, about a Protestant church minister with an adulterous wife, with quotations from the New Testament, was simply too inflammatory.<\/p><h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Removing the offending elements resulted in nonsensical plotlines<\/h6><p>Once an opera set off on its journey around Italy and was out of Verdi\u2019s control, bowdlerised performances were the norm. <em>Macbeth <\/em>was deemed unacceptable in Rome, for the supernatural element; in Naples and Palermo, for the killing of kings; and in Austrian-controlled Milan, for<br\/>the chorus of exiled Scots. <\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Macbeth - Witches Chorus (The Royal Opera Chorus; Verdi)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MFy_r1es0Fo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>Removing the offending elements resulted in nonsensical plotlines. Numerous cities staged Verdi&#8217;s great revenge tragedy <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/recordings\/verdi-rigoletto-3\">Rigoletto<\/a><\/strong> <\/em>\u2013 an opera based on a play that had already been banned for \u2018repulsive immorality\u2019 \u2013 under alternative titles, turning the feckless Duke\u2019s arias into hymns to fidelity, or giving the opera an implausible happy ending in which the heroine survived.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disability, corrupt power and sexual exploitation: Verdi&#8217;s themes are as fresh as ever<\/h2><p>Nowadays, we do not worry that anyone might take inspiration from <em>Rigoletto <\/em>and try to assassinate royalty, and the only time Verdi\u2019s operas create moral panic is whena director tries a \u2018provocative\u2019 reworking. Yet they still have political resonances of a different sort. <\/p><p>Today, the two Verdi works that speak most closely to contemporary sensibilities and cultural politics are <em>La traviata <\/em>and <em>Rigoletto<\/em>, whose popularity has overtaken that of <em>Il trovatore<\/em>, the Verdi opera <em>sine qua non <\/em>for the Victorians and in the first half of the 20th century. <\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Stride la Vampa (Coro degli zingari) - Il Trovatore di Verdi - Riccardo Muti\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DzQloEbYqkk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p><em>La traviata <\/em>appeals for its psychological realism and insight into the plight of wronged women. <em>Rigoletto<\/em>\u2019s themes of disability, corrupt power and sexual exploitation seem ever more topical. <em>Aida <\/em>has become a textbook case for considerations of cultural imperialism, while <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/news\/new-yorks-met-opera-discards-blackface-otello\"><em>Otello <\/em>prompts debates about race and casting<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><p>Verdi appeals to the modern age, then, as a man who stuck to his artistic principles, as a champion of the vulnerable, the excluded or the dispossessed, and for the perennial popularity of his music. Such was the volume of his output that there is always more Verdi to discover: it is worth a delve into the lesser-known repertory, including that extensive \u2018back catalogue\u2019 of early works. <\/p><p>Much of the snobbery that used to surround his oeuvre has now dissipated. We no longer subscribe to the view that Verdi\u2019s works are too tuneful to be good, summed up wittily by his biographer Francis Toye in 1930: \u2018There was no merit to be gained by professing admiration for a composer whose music could be enjoyed by anybody gifted with any musical receptivity whatever\u2019.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When did Verdi die?<\/h2><p>A week after suffering a stroke, Verdi died in Milan on 27 January 1901, aged 87. An estimated crowd of 300,000 people attends the transfer of his body to the crypt of the Casa di Riposo.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Best of Verdi: six works to explore<\/h2><p><em><strong>Rigoletto<\/strong><\/em> (1851) \u2013 Centred on a court jester, this tragedy explores themes of revenge and morality.<br\/><em><strong>La Traviata<\/strong><\/em> (1853) \u2013 <em>Il Trovatore<\/em> follows the life of a Parisian courtesan, and is a moving story of love and sacrifice.<br\/><em><strong>Il Trovatore<\/strong><\/em> (1853) \u2013 An early Verdi favourite, <em>Il Trovatore<\/em> is known for its complex plot and memorable arias, such as &#8216;Di quella pira&#8217;.<br\/><em><strong>Don Carlos<\/strong><\/em> (1867) <em>\u2013<\/em> Verdi&#8217;s five-act &#8216;grand opera&#8217; tackles political intrigue, love, and personal conflict amid the backdrop of the Spanish Inquisition.<br\/><em><strong>Aida<\/strong><\/em> (1871) \u2013 This monumental later opera is set in ancient Egypt, and blends impressive spectacle with intimate personal conflict.<br\/><strong>Requiem<\/strong> (1874) \u2013 Verdi&#8217;s Requiem is one of the fieriest and most imposing <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-a-requiem\">Requiems<\/a><\/strong> in the repertoire.<\/p><ul><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/most-famous-requiems\">Most famous Requiems: how composers have portrayed death and the afterlife in music<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p><em>George Hall<\/em> and <em>Professor<\/em> <em>Alexandra Wilson<\/em><\/p><p><strong>We named Verdi one of the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/50-greatest-composers-all-time\/\"> greatest composers ever<\/a> and one of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/the-greatest-opera-composers-of-all-time\/\">world&#8217;s best opera composers ever<\/a> <\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Read our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/tag\/verdi-reviews\/\">reviews of the latest Verdi recordings here<\/a><\/strong><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Tuesday, 22 October 2024 at 11:30 AM In paintings and in photographs, from youth to old age, Giuseppe Verdi cuts a rather severe figure \u2013 his brow creased, his mouth turned resolutely down beneath that bushy beard, his mood solemn and inscrutable. Only in some of the photographs taken late in life do [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":48881,"template":"","categories":[1,17],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"12"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/verdi-the-composer-who-battled-grave-personal-tragedies-to-become-a-national-icon.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/verdi-the-composer-who-battled-grave-personal-tragedies-to-become-a-national-icon-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/verdi-the-composer-who-battled-grave-personal-tragedies-to-become-a-national-icon-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/verdi-the-composer-who-battled-grave-personal-tragedies-to-become-a-national-icon-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/verdi-the-composer-who-battled-grave-personal-tragedies-to-become-a-national-icon-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/verdi-the-composer-who-battled-grave-personal-tragedies-to-become-a-national-icon.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/10\/verdi-the-composer-who-battled-grave-personal-tragedies-to-become-a-national-icon.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Tuesday, 22 October 2024 at 11:30 AM In paintings and in photographs, from youth to old age, Giuseppe Verdi cuts a rather severe figure \u2013 his brow creased, his mouth turned resolutely down beneath that bushy beard, his mood solemn and inscrutable. Only in some of the photographs taken late in life do&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/48880"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}