{"id":49115,"date":"2024-11-04T13:45:45","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T12:45:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bc9d71bc-1c8d-4038-8d7a-c175b125b1a0"},"modified":"2024-11-04T15:07:18","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T14:07:18","slug":"beethoven-frieze-sex-scandal-and-a-temple-devoted-to-a-great-composer","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/beethoven-frieze-sex-scandal-and-a-temple-devoted-to-a-great-composer\/","title":{"rendered":"Beethoven frieze: sex, scandal, and a temple devoted to a great composer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Monday, 04 November 2024 at 12:45 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html> <head\/> <body> <p><strong>Back in 1902, a group of artists in the composer\u2019s adopted city planned a homage to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/ludwig-van-beethoven\/\">Beethoven<\/a> like no other: an ambitious fusion of art and design, sculpture and architecture, probing the notion of the composer\u2019s role \u2013 and that of any artist \u2013 as a moral force. Here is the extraordinary story&#8230; of the Beethoven frieze.<\/strong><\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-story-of-the-beethoven-frieze\">Sex, scorn for modern art and more: the story of the Beethoven frieze<\/h2> <p>True, the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-beethovens-symphony-no-9\">Ninth Symphony<\/a><\/strong> was a catalyst, even briefly (if enduringly) implicating <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/gustav-mahler\/\">Gustav Mahler<\/a><\/strong>, but the 1902 \u2018Beethoven Exhibition\u2019 presented by the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vienna_Secession\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vienna Secession<\/a><\/strong> artists&#8217; movement was destined to cause a scandal. And to the scandal-loving Viennese \u2013 many thousands of whom had turned out to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/beethoven-funeral\">Beethoven\u2019s funeral<\/a><\/strong> 75 years earlier \u2013 this one had the lot: sex, scorn for modern art and the opportunity to take a pop at the director of the Court Opera, Mahler.<\/p> <div class=\"wp-block-group highlight-box is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"> <div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/beethovens-conversation-books\/\">Beethoven\u2019s conversation books: how they give us unique insights into the composer&#8217;s life<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/10-best-books-about-beethoven\/\">10 of the best books about Beethoven<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Beethoven's '9th Symphony' (Gustav Mahler's Orchestration) with the Synchron Stage Orchestra\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6pEkn8RJfFw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <\/div> <\/div> <p>On 3 April 1897 &#8211; also the day of<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/composers\/johannes-brahms\/\">Johannes Brahms<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s death &#8211; the constitution had been drawn up for a band of artistic rebels. They elected as president the painter Gustav Klimt and, under the banner of the \u2018Secession\u2019, promised to take Vienna\u2019s art scene by the scruff of the neck and wage war on the dead hand of academicism.<\/p> <p>They also commissioned a sympathetic architect, Joseph Maria Olbrich, to design a home-cum-gallery for them. That building is known as the Secession Building. And, nestling cheek-by-jowl with that foodie institution the Naschmarkt, and a stone\u2019s throw from Karlsplatz, still startles.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/top-20-beethoven-works\">Best of Beethoven: Top 20 Beethoven works<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\">  <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Secession Building, Vienna. Pic: Andrew Michael \/ Getty Images &#8211; Andrew Michael \/ Getty Images <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-frieze-like\">It was nicknamed the &#8216;golden cabbage&#8217;<\/h3> <p>With its piercing white and gold against a clear blue sky it looks like a cross between an exotic fantasy temple and an idiosyncratic art deco cinema, but when it was opened the locals had other names \u2013 the \u2018golden cabbage\u2019 (on account of its crowning dome of 3,000 gilded laurel leaves) and, even more deliciously damning, the Assyrian Public Convenience.<\/p> <p>Proudly proclaimed below the dome was the Secessionists\u2019 motto:<i> \u2018<\/i>Der Zeit ihre Kunst. Der Kunst ihre Freiheit<i>\u2019<\/i> (To the age its art. To art its freedom). It\u2019s a maxim that could have been coined for Beethoven himself. And the building\u2019s eminently reconfigurable interior proved particularly amenable as plans for the Beethoven celebration solidified.<\/p> <p>News that Max Klinger\u2019s monumental sculpture of the composer (over 15 years in the making) was nearing completion presented an unmissable opportunity. And it was secured to furnish the centrepiece of an installation intent on creating, according to the catalogue, a \u2018temple-art\u2019.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-who-is-the-beethoven-frieze-by\">Who designed the Beethoven frieze?<\/h2> <p>Viewed initially through an aperture in the wall piercing the mammoth frieze by the Secessionists&#8217; president, Gustav Klimt, the monument sat in its own inner sanctuary. And on the preview night, to reinforce the allegorical intentions of Klimt\u2019s painting, Mahler positioned six trombonists on the stairs to play his own arrangement of an excerpt from Beethoven\u2019s setting of Schiller\u2019s \u2018<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/ode-to-joy-lyrics\/\">Ode to Joy<\/a><\/strong>\u2019.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Review: Mahler's Idiomatic and Sensitive Beethoven Retouchings\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jxlIMKFhbWo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>This \u2018desecration\u2019 drew howls of outrage. And not for the first time had Mahler stubbed his toe on the Ninth. Conducting his own performing version of the complete <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/symphony\">symphony<\/a><\/strong> in Vienna two years previously, his \u2018Retuschen\u2019 (retouchings) involving eight <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/the-history-of-the-french-horn\">horns<\/a><\/strong>, four <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/instruments\/trumpet-valves-keys-mutes-how-to-play\">trumpets<\/a><\/strong> and a phalanx of percussion had scandalised many \u2013 so much so that he printed a flyer in its defence for the repeat performance a few days later.<\/p> <p>But if, at that preview evening, the Strauss- and <em>sachertorte<\/em>-loving bourgeoisie bestowed only a passing glance over Klinger\u2019s conception en route to a complimentary drink, what might their cursory impression have gleaned? Certainly not an image of the defiant, tortured genius so beloved of 19th-century iconography.<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-does-beethoven-look-like-in-the-frieze\">Here was a man literally revealing himself<\/h3> <p>Was the composer emerging from his bath, a towel protecting his modesty, one foot extended as if awaiting a chiropodist? Of course not. But Klinger\u2019s symbolism induced initial bafflement \u2013 a naked Beethoven just the start of it.<\/p> <p>Here was a man literally revealing himself; vulnerability emphasised by a bodily pallor that contrasted with the dark rigidity of the plinth and even darker throne. And what about that quizzical eagle (Jupiter\u2019s personal messenger) at his feet?<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-did-critics-react-to-the-work\">A new generation detected an element of kitsch<\/h3> <p>The writer Thomas Mann \u2018got it\u2019. \u2018To me,\u2019 he declared, \u2018heroism is achieved despite the odds; it is weakness overcome, and tenderness is part of it. Klinger\u2019s frail little Beethoven who is sitting on a huge godly throne, fervently concentrated, his fists clenched \u2013 that is a hero.\u2019<\/p> <p>One critic, at first repelled by \u2018the radical unconventional treatment of the subject\u2019, conceded it to be a \u2018daring experiment brought to a successful issue\u2019, while another saw it as the likeness of a modern god; indeed for a time it was one of the most celebrated images of the day.<\/p> <p>But by the end of the First World War a new generation of artists detected an element of kitsch. It was even provocatively suggested that Klinger should have installed a device to make Beethoven\u2019s eyes roll and the bird to flap its wings.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"301\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2024\/11\/Untitled-design-2024-11-04T122514.107.jpg\" alt=\"Beethoven Frieze, Secession Building, Vienna\" class=\"wp-image-215102\"\/> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Pic: Fine Art Images\/Heritage Images\/Getty Images &#8211; Fine Art Images\/Heritage Images\/Getty Images <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <p>Still very much \u2018at home\u2019 in the Secession building (though in a different spot following a lengthy absence), Klimt\u2019s erotically charged frieze proved no less controversial for the nearly 60,000 visitors to Friedrichstrasse in 1902.<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-can-one-say-about-this-painted-pornography\">&#8216;What can one say about this painted pornography?&#8217;<\/h3> <p>The critics were as divided as they had been over the sculpture. One fumed: \u2018What can one say about this painted pornography? These paintings might prove quite serviceable for some subterranean cavern where heathen orgies are held, but not for exhibition rooms into which the artists have the gall to invite respectable women and young girls.\u2019<\/p> <p>He (it\u2019s probably safe to assume it was a he) had missed the point. And Mahler had surely given the key to it with the much-derided soundbite from Beethoven\u2019s Ninth. He hadn\u2019t opted for what might have been expected: the \u2018Ode to Joy\u2019 motto theme itself.<\/p> <p>Instead he homed in on the \u2018Seid umschlungen Millionen!\u2019 section, Schiller commanding \u2018Be embraced, Millions\u2019. \u2018This Kiss to all the World\u2019 becomes the climax to Klimt\u2019s 34 metre-long meditation on the Ninth as interpreted by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/richard-wagner\">Richard Wagner<\/a><\/strong> (with a side helping of the philosophers <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Friedrich-Nietzsche\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Friedrich Nietzsche<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Arthur-Schopenhauer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arthur Schopenhauer<\/a><\/strong>).<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Beethoven arr Wagner - Symphony No 9 - Ogawa, piano, Bach Collegium Japan (1998)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rm7Xri7bBhY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>And as if to underline the vibrant ecstasy of Schiller\u2019s message, Klimt imagines not so much a kiss in the manner of his famous painting of the same name where the lovers face each other side on, entwined and enraptured in a golden cocoon. Here the embrace betrays a musky, muscular, vigorous urgency. Joy is visceral \u2013 as well it might be after the trials and tribulations encountered along the way.<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-themes-does-the-beethoven-frieze-suggest\">Humanity struggles with lust, sickness, madness and death<\/h3> <p>The epic had opened intimately with three ethereal figures (genii) symbolising the \u2018longing for happiness\u2019. Suffering Humanity addresses the golden-clad knight-hero, whose face seems strangely familiar (in 1910 Klimt finally acknowledged that he\u2019d portrayed Mahler) while the figures of Compassion and Ambition look on.<\/p> <p>What Humanity is up against is the theme of the second wall, a predominantly dark-hued spectacle save for the Gorgons\u2019 gleaming snake-encrusted hair and the retina-scorching blue of the skirt sported by the louche representation of Intemperance, who is seen consorting with Lasciviousness and Wantonness. Above the Gorgons, seemingly pulling the strings, are Sickness, Madness and Death, while at the centre of the panel lurks a big black hole: the malevolent monster Typhoeus, reimagined as a gorilla.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1063\" height=\"352\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2024\/11\/Untitled-design-2024-11-04T123245.771.jpg\" alt=\"Beethoven Frieze, Secession Building, Vienna\" class=\"wp-image-215104\"\/> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> The Hostile Forces from Klimt&#8217;s Beethoven Frieze. Pic: Fine Art Images\/Heritage Images\/Getty Images &#8211; Fine Art Images\/Heritage Images\/Getty Images <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-vision-of-the-arts-radiates-pure-joy-love-and-happiness\">&#8216;A vision of the arts radiates pure joy, love and happiness&#8217;<\/h3> <p>All is not lost, though. On the third wall, the figure of Poetry, lyre in hand, offers hope to the genii who have somehow prevailed; and (in the original show) after the punctured wall affording a vista onto Klinger\u2019s sculpture beyond, a vision of the arts radiates pure joy, love and happiness \u2013 that culminating kiss attended by an angelic chorus (Schiller\u2019s daughters of Elysium) in copper and gold, studded with flowers.<\/p> <p>All in all, the idea of suffering humanity seeking redemption and release through the transformative power of art now seems as uncannily topical as it did to the artists of the Secession who contrived a compelling <i>Gesamtkunstwerk<\/i> (Wagner\u2019s word signifying the union of the arts) writ large.<\/p> <p>Sold to a private collector, looted by the Nazis and finally restored to the \u2018golden cabbage\u2019 in the mid-1980s, Klimt\u2019s frieze remains a potent and protean reminder of a Beethoven celebration that shunned the obvious to ask questions which, nearly 120 years on, won\u2019t go away.<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Monday, 04 November 2024 at 12:45 PM Back in 1902, a group of artists in the composer\u2019s adopted city planned a homage to Beethoven like no other: an ambitious fusion of art and design, sculpture and architecture, probing the notion of the composer\u2019s role \u2013 and that of any artist \u2013 as a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":49116,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"7"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/11\/beethoven-frieze-sex-scandal-and-a-temple-devoted-to-a-great-composer.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/11\/beethoven-frieze-sex-scandal-and-a-temple-devoted-to-a-great-composer-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/11\/beethoven-frieze-sex-scandal-and-a-temple-devoted-to-a-great-composer-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/11\/beethoven-frieze-sex-scandal-and-a-temple-devoted-to-a-great-composer-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/11\/beethoven-frieze-sex-scandal-and-a-temple-devoted-to-a-great-composer-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/11\/beethoven-frieze-sex-scandal-and-a-temple-devoted-to-a-great-composer.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2024\/11\/beethoven-frieze-sex-scandal-and-a-temple-devoted-to-a-great-composer.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Monday, 04 November 2024 at 12:45 PM Back in 1902, a group of artists in the composer\u2019s adopted city planned a homage to Beethoven like no other: an ambitious fusion of art and design, sculpture and architecture, probing the notion of the composer\u2019s role \u2013 and that of any artist \u2013 as a&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/49115"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}