{"id":51502,"date":"2025-01-09T13:20:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T12:20:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/da696947-ab8c-40a2-94fb-3914478e5061"},"modified":"2025-01-09T14:09:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T13:09:20","slug":"gregorian-chant-the-foundation-of-western-sacred-music-and-a-source-of-deep-calm-and-spirituality","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/gregorian-chant-the-foundation-of-western-sacred-music-and-a-source-of-deep-calm-and-spirituality\/","title":{"rendered":"Gregorian chant: the foundation of Western sacred music &#8211; and a source of deep calm and spirituality"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Thursday, 09 January 2025 at 12:20 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html> <head\/> <body> <p>Developed during the early Middle Ages and named after Pope Gregory I, Gregorian Chant is a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church. It forms the bedrock of Western liturgical music: it has also, though, found a place in modern culture, including albums and film soundtracks, where it often evokes a sense of deep calm, spirituality and timelessness. It can be the perfect soundtrack to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/best-classical-music-meditation\">meditation and mindfulness<\/a><\/strong>, too, and is a great genre of music to explore if you&#8217;re looking to improve your <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/best-classical-music-to-boost-your-mental-health\">mental health<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p> <p>Here&#8217;s a brief tour of the history of Gregorian chant, including its extraordinary modern-times revival.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-gregorian-chant\"><b>What is Gregorian chant?<\/b><\/h2> <p>Gregorian chant is a form of sacred song in Latin (and occasionally Greek), employed within the Roman Catholic Church for centuries. It takes its name from <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_Gregory_I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pope Gregory I<\/a><\/strong> (&#8216;The Great&#8217;), who is traditionally credited with organizing and standardizing the chants.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Gregorian Chants of the Benedictine Monks | Christian Music for Spiritual Meditation\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/c79SszUBZUE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>From the start, Gregorian chant has had two key distinguishing features. Firstly, it is unaccompanied, meaning that there are no musical instruments accompanying the singing. Secondly, Gregorian chant is monophonic, which means that there is just one melodic line followed by all the singers. This contrasts with later religious and secular music, in which the different voices (<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-soprano\">soprano<\/a><\/strong>, alto, etcetera) may sing different, although harmonising, vocal lines &#8211; known as <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/polyphony-music-definition\">polyphony<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p> <p>There are a couple of other key features to Gregorian chant. From the start, it has been based on Medieval <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/music-modes\">modes<\/a><\/strong> (the forerunners of modern <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-a-scale-in-music\">scales<\/a><\/strong>), which give the form its distinct sound. Secondly, it is almost exclusively sung in Latin, the language of the Roman Catholic Church.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Alma redemptoris mater (Simple Tone) - Gregorian\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/flawOw7x3Gg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"\/> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-when-did-gregorian-chant-develop\">When did Gregorian chant develop?<\/h3> <p>The peak period for the development of Gregorian chant was 9th and 10th-century Europe.<\/p> <p>Confusingly, the form takes its name from Pope Gregory I, who has often been credited with the invention of the genre during his lifetime. This was much earlier, in the later 6th century: however, today&#8217;s scholars believe that this form developed later, and drew on song traditions from both Rome and Gaul (now France).<\/p> <div class=\"wp-block-group highlight-box is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"> <div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"\/> <\/div> <\/div> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-is-gregorian-chant-performed-and-what-types-of-voices-is-it-for\">How is Gregorian chant performed?<\/h3> <p>Gregorian chant was originally sung in one of two settings: by men and women in religious orders, in the chapels of monasteries and other such buildings; and by choirs (either men or boys) in churches.<\/p> <p>Essentially, it was performed either during the Roman Catholic Mass, or during the monastic Office &#8211; the sequence of religious services, or times of prayer, among religious communities.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"PSALM 90 \/ 91 (Gregorian chant)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sQNJs89E6x8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>In fact, this form of music is no longer obligatory in either setting. However, it is still considered the music most suitable for worship by the Catholic Church.<sup id=\"cite_ref-catholic_3-0\" class=\"reference\"\/><\/p> <div class=\"wp-block-group highlight-box is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"> <div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"\/> <\/div> <\/div> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-did-gregorian-chant-influence-later-classical-music\">How did Gregorian chant influence later classical music?<\/h3> <p>This beautiful and spiritual musical form had a profound impact on the patterns taken by both Medieval and Renaissance music. For example, the way that the modern <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-a-stave\/\"><strong>musical stave<\/strong><\/a> is notated was developed directly from Gregorian musical notation. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-a-clef\/\"><strong>bass clef<\/strong><\/a> and the flat, natural, and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-the-difference-between-a-sharp-and-a-flat-note\">sharp<\/a><\/strong> accidentals all come from Gregorian notation.<sup id=\"cite_ref-71\" class=\"reference\"\/><\/p> <p>The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-a-melody\">melodies<\/a><\/strong> from Gregorian chant also found their way into hymns and tunes, and helped to shape <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/best-medieval-composers\">Medieval<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/a-guide-to-renaissance-music\">Renaissance<\/a><\/strong> polyphony. Chants would often be used as a <strong><a title=\"Cantus firmus\" href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-cantus-firmus\/\">cantus<\/a><\/strong><a title=\"Cantus firmus\" href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/what-cantus-firmus\/\"><strong> firmus<\/strong><\/a>, or a fixed tune around which a polyphonic choral melody can develop. The Marian antiphons, especially <i>Alma Redemptoris Mater<\/i>, were frequently arranged by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/best-renaissance-composers\">Renaissance composers<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/medieval-music-guide\">Medieval music: a brief guide<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <div class=\"wp-block-group highlight-box is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"> <div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"\/> <\/div> <\/div> <p>Later, the Catholic Church introduced polyphonic arrangements (with different groups singing different melodies) to replace the monophonic Gregorian chant during the Ordinary of the Mass &#8211; those parts of the Mass that remain unchanged throughout the year.<\/p> <p>Elsewhere, composers including <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/william-byrd\">William Byrd<\/a><\/strong> and Tom\u00e1s Luis de Victoria wrote polyphonic settings of the Propers &#8211; those parts of the Mass liturgy that change daily throughout the Church year. These polyphonic arrangements often include traces of the original material, before it was replaced by polyphonic arrangements.<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-when-and-why-did-gregorian-chant-enjoy-a-renaissance\">The 1990s Gregorian chant renaissance<\/h3> <p>During the late 20th century, Gregorian chant gained hugely in popularity, reaching audiences far beyond those who would ordinarily only hear this beautiful music in churches, chapels and monasteries. Part of the new surge of interest was thanks to the German band Enigma, who included samples of Gregorian chant on their smash-hit 1990 single <em>Sadeness (Part I)<\/em>.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Enigma - Sadeness (Full Version)\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/x4maoo4A3x4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>A few years later came an album entitled <em>Chant<\/em>, featuring the Benedictine monks of Santo Domingo de Silos in Spain. The music had in fact been recorded back in the 1970s, but only now became a hit. And what a hit: <em>Chant<\/em> became the best-selling album of Gregorian chant of all time.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-three-beautiful-pieces-of-gregorian-chant\">Three beautiful pieces of Gregorian chant<\/h2> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Alma Redemptoris Mater<\/strong><\/h3> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Alma redemptoris mater (Simple Tone) - Gregorian\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/flawOw7x3Gg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>This beautiful melody is one of the four &#8216;Marian antiphons&#8217; &#8211; hymns in praise of the Virgin Mary, sung in religious communities after Compline the final prater service of the day.<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ave Regina Caelorum<\/strong><\/h3> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ave Regina Caelorum (simple) | Gregorian Chant\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BoHDoVAs1AM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>Along with &#8216;Alma Redemptoris Mater&#8217; above, &#8216;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/ave-regina-caelorum-lyrics\">Ave Regina Caelorum<\/a><\/strong>&#8216; is one of four Marian antiphons sung at the close of the day. Again, it is short, eloquent and beautiful.<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kyrie Eleison<\/strong><\/h3> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"KYRIE - Gregorian Chant\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pCOEQdBOOOs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>Meaning &#8216;Lord, have Mercy&#8217;, the &#8216;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/kyrie-eleison-lyrics\">Kyrie Eleison<\/a><\/strong>&#8216; (or simply &#8216;Kyrie&#8217;) is a prayer offered during the Roman Catholic Mass. Traditionally, it was often set to Gregorian chant.<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pange lingua<\/strong><\/h3> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Chant of the Mystics: Pange Lingua - Divine Gregorian Chant - Eucharistic Hymn\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DPQLUwUAetQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>A hymn attributed to St. Thomas Aquinas, sung during Eucharistic adoration and processions.<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dies irae<\/strong><\/h3> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dies Irae - Gregorian Chant (with lyrics and translation)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2OBB5-bP6qs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>A sequence from the Catholic <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-a-requiem\">Requiem Mass<\/a><\/strong>, the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/dies-irae-lyrics\">Dies irae<\/a><\/strong> is known for its haunting melody and apocalyptic text.<\/p> <h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Veni creator spiritus<\/strong><\/h3> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Veni Creator Spiritus \u2013 Gregorian chant\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HEKuxUOPzk8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>Invoking the Holy Spirit, this chant used at Pentecost and other solemn occasions.<\/p> <p>Visit our <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/musical-terms-dictionary\">musical terms dictionary<\/a><\/strong> to find out about other musical definitions you may not know.<\/p> <p>Pic: Giles Clarke \/ Getty Images<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Thursday, 09 January 2025 at 12:20 PM Developed during the early Middle Ages and named after Pope Gregory I, Gregorian Chant is a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church. It forms the bedrock of Western liturgical music: it has also, though, found a place in modern culture, including [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":51503,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"5"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/gregorian-chant-the-foundation-of-western-sacred-music-and-a-source-of-deep-calm-and-spirituality.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/gregorian-chant-the-foundation-of-western-sacred-music-and-a-source-of-deep-calm-and-spirituality-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/gregorian-chant-the-foundation-of-western-sacred-music-and-a-source-of-deep-calm-and-spirituality-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/gregorian-chant-the-foundation-of-western-sacred-music-and-a-source-of-deep-calm-and-spirituality-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/gregorian-chant-the-foundation-of-western-sacred-music-and-a-source-of-deep-calm-and-spirituality-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/gregorian-chant-the-foundation-of-western-sacred-music-and-a-source-of-deep-calm-and-spirituality.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/gregorian-chant-the-foundation-of-western-sacred-music-and-a-source-of-deep-calm-and-spirituality.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Thursday, 09 January 2025 at 12:20 PM Developed during the early Middle Ages and named after Pope Gregory I, Gregorian Chant is a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church. It forms the bedrock of Western liturgical music: it has also, though, found a place in modern culture, including&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/51502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}