{"id":52099,"date":"2025-01-20T18:00:02","date_gmt":"2025-01-20T17:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/65002bab-41bf-49f0-b1b4-947ee56217b4"},"modified":"2025-01-20T19:09:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T18:09:22","slug":"from-measured-dignity-to-jittery-pop-stars-us-presidential-inauguration-music-down-the-ages","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/from-measured-dignity-to-jittery-pop-stars-us-presidential-inauguration-music-down-the-ages\/","title":{"rendered":"From &#8216;measured dignity&#8217; to &#8216;jittery pop stars&#8217;: US presidential inauguration music down the ages"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Monday, 20 January 2025 at 17:00 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html> <head\/> <body> <p>George Washington was, it seems, an elegant and skilful dancer, famed for his participation in what he deemed \u2018an agreeable and innocent amusement\u2019. That is probably why, a week after his inauguration as the first president of the United States on 30 April 1789, Washington enthusiastically accepted an invitation to a function hosted by the Dancing Assembly of New York City. He danced \u2018two cotillions and a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-minuet\">minuet<\/a><\/strong>\u2019 as guest of honour, an occasion later commemorated by an engraving in<em> Harper\u2019s\u00a0Bazaar <\/em>magazine.<\/p> <p>While not officially an \u2018inauguration ball\u2019, the Dancing Assembly\u2019s gathering was nonetheless an event of historic significance. It initiated the now firmly established tradition of organising parties and celebrations to mark the installation of a new president, and of putting music at the heart of them. Since Washington\u2019s unofficial dance soir\u00e9e, the scale of inauguration festivities has, in fact, burgeoned remarkably: Bill Clinton attended a record-breaking 15 inaugural balls in 1997, with George HW Bush running a handy second, with 11 in 1989.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Measured dignity<\/h2> <p>The first piece of music unequivocally associated with presidential ceremonials was written by the composer and violinist Philip Phile, for George Washington in 1789. Entitled <em>The President\u2019s March<\/em>, the tune combined a distinctly <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/george-frideric-handel\">Handelian<\/a><\/strong> demeanour (Phile was a German immigrant) with the measured dignity appropriate to a newly emerging nation. A decade later, with words added, it became the rousingly patriotic <em>Hail, Columbia<\/em>, sung as a kind of national anthem for a century thereafter.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"&quot;Hail Columbia&quot; - &quot;The President's Own&quot; United States Marine Band\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jl6ixYsLAfo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>Comparing the relatively well-mannered stride of Phile\u2019s <em>President\u2019s March<\/em> with the zippily upbeat gait of <em>Jefferson\u2019s March<\/em>, written in 1801 for Thomas Jefferson\u2019s inauguration, is to sense the significant leap in self-confidence the fledgling United States of America made during its first 12 years of existence.<\/p> <p>Bristlingly go-ahead in its rhythms, <em>Jefferson\u2019s March <\/em>infectiously encapsulates the foundational strain of American can-do-ism which became a hallmark of its people. Musically, 1801 was significant for another reason too \u2013 it marked the first performance at an inauguration of the United States Marine Band (nicknamed \u2018The President\u2019s Own\u2019), which has played at every\u00a0inauguration\u00a0since.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Thomas Jefferson March\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qTvmFU-HPmk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>Eight years later, in 1809, the habit of informally marking the swearing-in of a new president with music and dance took a major step towards becoming a full-scale national institution. That year, friends of James Madison combined to organise an \u2018inauguration ball\u2019 for the president-elect, which took place on 4\u00a0March \u2018at Mr Long\u2019s Hotel\u2019 in Washington.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2018The crowd was excessive, the entertainment bad\u2019<\/h2> <p>A newly composed piece, predictably entitled <em>Madison\u2019s March<\/em>, greeted the president and his wife Dolley as they arrived at the function. Opinions varied as to the quality of the music-making and dancing, which occupied those present until midnight. One newspaper thought the ball \u2018the most brilliant and crowded ever known in Washington\u2019. John Quincy Adams, a future president himself, was somewhat less enthusiastic. \u2018The crowd was excessive,\u2019 he grumbled, \u2018the heat oppressive and the entertainment bad\u2019.<\/p> <p>Madison\u2019s ball undoubtedly crystallised the notion that the inaugural celebration was now an important place for America\u2019s movers and shakers to be seen, and for new, gladhanding allegiances to be established.<\/p> <p>Throughout the 19th century, the celebrations grew in size and importance, and much new music was written for them including catchy campaign songs and the traditional commemorative marches. Among the best of these was the dignified, quasi-operatic <em>President Garfield\u2019s Inauguration March<\/em>, written in 1881 by America\u2019s \u2018March King\u2019 John\u00a0Philip Sousa.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"SOUSA President Garfield's Inauguration March - &quot;The President's Own&quot; U.S. Marine Band\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1UYFiRCfRPU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A feverish cult of global celebrity<\/h2> <p>Glimpses of how opulent a social occasion the inaugural ball had become, and how central music was to fuelling its festivities, are found in the diary of the poet Walt Whitman. Observing the activity surrounding Abraham Lincoln\u2019s second inaugural ball in 1865, Whitman poignantly recalled treating Civil War wounded in the same location (the Patent Office Building in Washington). \u2018What a different scene\u2019 the dance and supper rooms now presented, Whitman recorded, as they filled with \u2018beautiful women, perfumes, the violins\u2019 sweetness, the\u00a0polka\u00a0and\u00a0the waltz\u2019.<\/p> <p>With the 20th century came a massive expansion in the realm of telecommunications, with radio, sound recording, movies and television all in turn fuelling a feverish cult of global celebrity. These influences profoundly affected the way in which presidential inaugurations were celebrated, and the type of music played at them.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enter the &#8216;star-studded variety show&#8217;<\/h2> <p>Where once decorous quadrilles and rousing marches ruled the day, with \u2018light\u2019 classical stylings as the default template, increasingly presidents invited <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/jazz\/what-is-jazz\">jazz<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-is-folk-music\">folk<\/a><\/strong> and other popular genres to the party, with stars of stage and screen adding charismatic impact to the general razzmatazz of the occasion.\u00a0<\/p> <p>The election (for the third time) of President Franklin D Roosevelt is often cited as the point at which the inaugural \u2018gala\u2019 (as the 1941 organisers called it) morphed into what one commentator has memorably termed \u2018a star-studded variety show\u2019. With actor Douglas Fairbanks Jr. emceeing in his Navy uniform, guest performers included <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/charlie-chaplin-music\">Charlie Chaplin<\/a><\/strong>, Irving Berlin and the mezzo-soprano Ris\u00eb Stevens, who sang arias from <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/georges-bizet\">Bizet<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s opera <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/bizet-carmen-what-listen-next\">Carmen<\/a><\/strong><\/em> and Oscar Strauss\u2019s operetta\u00a0<em>The Chocolate Soldier<\/em>.<\/p> <p>But perhaps the \u2018turn\u2019 who most vividly reflected the new, cheek-by-jowl jostling of classical and vernacular traditions in the inaugural arena was the 20-year-old acting phenom Mickey Rooney. The multi-talented Rooney brought with him a three-movement \u2018<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-symphony\">symphony<\/a><\/strong>\u2019 he had written, named <em>Melodante<\/em>, and proceeded to astound onlookers by playing it on the piano. As an encore, Rooney rolled out impressions of his fellow actors Clark Gable and Lionel Barrymore \u2013 highbrow and lowbrow scrunched together in stunningly vaudevillian juxtaposition. The audience loved it.\u00a0<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\">  <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Mickey Rooney (seen here with Judy Garland) delighted audiences at the 1941 inauguration of Franklin D Roosevelt, with his own three-movement &#8216;symphony&#8217;. Pic: Hulton Archive\/Getty Images &#8211; Hulton Archive\/Getty Images <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Marian Anderson makes history<\/h2> <p>The new strain of populist spectacle injected into inaugural celebrations by Roosevelt was here to stay. Gene Kelly, Abbott and Costello, John Wayne and Ethel Merman were among the numerous showbiz performers who featured in the post-war period, but classical performers held their end up too.<\/p> <p>Particularly significant was the appearance at Harry S Truman\u2019s 1949 gala of the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-soprano\">soprano<\/a><\/strong> Dorothy Maynor, the first African American to sing at an inaugural event. Maynor reputedly knew 100 operas by heart, but racial segregation meant she never once set foot upon a US operatic stage. Eight years later, in an even more symbolic moment, contralto <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/marian-anderson-eleanor-roosevelt\">Marian Anderson<\/a><\/strong> sang the national anthem at the inauguration ceremony of Dwight D Eisenhower, the first African American to do so.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">JFK, Ella, Sinatra and Bernstein<\/h2> <p>For sheer stardust factor, however, it\u2019s generally acknowledged that no inaugural gala has ever quite equalled John F Kennedy\u2019s in 1963. With Frank Sinatra organising, an astonishing array of performing talent \u2013 including singers <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/ella-fitzgerald\">Ella Fitzgerald<\/a><\/strong>, Nat King Cole, Harry Belafonte and Mahalia Jackson \u2013 was rostered for a gala which in one writer\u2019s opinion \u2018more closely resembled Saturday night at Caesars Palace\u2019.\u00a0<\/p> <p>Again, though, classical music got a significant look-in. Maestro-of-the-moment <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/leonard-bernstein\">Leonard Bernstein<\/a><\/strong> conducted the 70-strong <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/what-instruments-make-up-an-orchestra\">orchestra<\/a><\/strong>, opening proceedings with a new work of his own \u2013 the punchy <em>Fanfare for the Inauguration of John F Kennedy<\/em>, whose buoyant, energetic syncopations seemed a perfect upbeat to the Kennedy era.<\/p> <p>And, for the first time, a classical composer was commissioned to write a piece specifically for a presidential inauguration. John La Montaine was the composer chosen, and his evocative <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/what-overture\">overture<\/a><\/strong> <em>From Sea to Shining Sea<\/em> has undeservedly gone out of fashion since.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"From Sea to Shining Sea\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YIWNNTjox5s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>While the trend for what writer Amanda Petrusich has called \u2018extravagantly dressed and jittery pop stars\u2019 has only strengthened in our media-centric modern era, classical performers still pop up regularly at inaugural celebrations. Soprano <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/jessye-norman\">Jessye Norman<\/a><\/strong> and mezzo-soprano Marilyn Horne\u00a0both sang the Shaker song \u2018Simple Gifts\u2019 for their respective presidents \u2013 Ronald Reagan (1985) and Bill Clinton (1993) \u2013 while mezzos Susan Graham and Denyce Graves entertained George W Bush in 2005.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2009&#8217;s miming megastars<\/h2> <p>Classical performers were also responsible for one of the most newsworthy mini-scandals to have accompanied inaugurations down the years. In January 2009, a quartet of violinist Itzhak Perlman, cellist <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/yo-yo-ma\">Yo-Yo Ma<\/a><\/strong>, pianist <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/gabriela-montero\">Gabriela Montero<\/a><\/strong> and clarinettist <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/anthony-mcgill\">Anthony McGill<\/a><\/strong> was scheduled to play <em>Air and Simple Gifts<\/em>, a new piece by film composer <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/john-williams\">John Williams<\/a><\/strong>, immediately before Barack Obama took his oath of office outside the US Capitol.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/tv-and-film-music\/john-williams-best-scores\">The ten best John Williams scores<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <p>When sub-zero temperatures (with wind chill added) threatened to break strings, crack instrument casings and play havoc with intonation, the quartet instead mimed its way through a recording made as a precaution two days previously. While some critical huffing and puffing over this cheat-sheet solution predictably followed, Yo-Yo Ma was unapologetic. \u2018If we had not done that, we would have had four-and-a-half minutes of absolute disaster,\u2019 he commented. \u2018It was wicked cold.\u2019<\/p> <p>Organisers of this month\u2019s inauguration, where Donald J Trump becomes the 47th US president, will be hoping for better weather. They will also be hoping the brouhaha surrounding the musical celebrations at Trump\u2019s 2017 inaugural is not repeated.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8216;I think you&#8217;re a tyrant&#8217;<\/h2> <p>A raft of celebrity artists \u2013 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/andrea-bocelli\">Andrea Bocelli<\/a><\/strong>, Elton John and Charlotte Church included \u2013 declined to take part, citing various reasons. Church was among those pulling no punches. \u2018Your staff have asked me to sing at your inauguration,\u2019 she tweeted to the incoming president. \u2018A simple Internet search would show I think you\u2019re a tyrant. Bye.\u2019<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2025\/01\/Untitled-design-2025-01-20T165604.942.jpg\" alt=\"Charlotte Church\" class=\"wp-image-218633\"\/> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Charlotte Church issued a crisp refusal to perform in 2017. Pic: Mark Kerrison\/In Pictures via Getty Images &#8211; Mark Kerrison\/In Pictures via Getty Images <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <p>Whether the quadrennial injection of patriotic fervour provided by presidential celebrations can continue long into an uncertain future is a moot question. For many, though, the sense of national unity they foster remains important. \u2018Music is sometimes presented as a kind of impartial panacea, a bridge between enemies,\u2019 is how Amanda Petrusich puts it. \u2018That\u2019s a lot to ask of art. But it\u2019s still a nice fantasy to indulge, even\u00a0if just for a night.\u2019<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who is performing at the Trump inauguration?\u00a0<\/h2> <p>Performing at Donald Trump&#8217;s second presidential inauguration in 2025 will be country music star Carrie Underwood, who leapt to fame after winning the TV talent show <em>American Idol<\/em> in 2005. Carrie will sing &#8216;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/america-the-beautiful-lyrics\">America the Beautiful<\/a><\/strong>&#8216; prior to Trump taking the oath of office, with accompaniment from the Armed Forces Chorus and the United States Naval Academy Glee Club.\u00a0<\/p> <p>Then, at the end of the ceremony, we will hear from opera singer\u00a0Christopher Macchio, who will perform the national anthem, &#8216;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/who-composed-us-national-anthem\">The Star Spangled Banner<\/a><\/strong>&#8216;. at the end of the ceremony. You&#8217;ll also see performances from singer-songwriter Lee Greenwood, choirs from the University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln, and the United States Marine Band.\u00a0<\/p> <p>The music doesn&#8217;t stop there, though. There are four days of celebrations in Washington D.C., featuring the likes of Kid Rock, The Village People, Billy Ray Cyrus and Liberty University&#8217;s <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/gospel-music-guide\">gospel<\/a><\/strong> choir Praise Choir.\u00a0<\/p> <p\/> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Monday, 20 January 2025 at 17:00 PM George Washington was, it seems, an elegant and skilful dancer, famed for his participation in what he deemed \u2018an agreeable and innocent amusement\u2019. That is probably why, a week after his inauguration as the first president of the United States on 30 April 1789, Washington enthusiastically [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":52100,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"9"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/from-measured-dignity-to-jittery-pop-stars-us-presidential-inauguration-music-down-the-ages.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/from-measured-dignity-to-jittery-pop-stars-us-presidential-inauguration-music-down-the-ages-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/from-measured-dignity-to-jittery-pop-stars-us-presidential-inauguration-music-down-the-ages-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/from-measured-dignity-to-jittery-pop-stars-us-presidential-inauguration-music-down-the-ages-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/from-measured-dignity-to-jittery-pop-stars-us-presidential-inauguration-music-down-the-ages-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/from-measured-dignity-to-jittery-pop-stars-us-presidential-inauguration-music-down-the-ages.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/from-measured-dignity-to-jittery-pop-stars-us-presidential-inauguration-music-down-the-ages.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Monday, 20 January 2025 at 17:00 PM George Washington was, it seems, an elegant and skilful dancer, famed for his participation in what he deemed \u2018an agreeable and innocent amusement\u2019. That is probably why, a week after his inauguration as the first president of the United States on 30 April 1789, Washington enthusiastically&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/52099"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}