{"id":52126,"date":"2025-01-24T11:53:31","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T10:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/8881d105-8051-449f-84ba-cd808d84aa0d"},"modified":"2025-01-24T13:09:23","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T12:09:23","slug":"herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-nazi-opportunist","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/rss_feed\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-nazi-opportunist\/","title":{"rendered":"Herbert von Karajan: godlike conductor, Nazi opportunist"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Friday, 24 January 2025 at 10:53 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html> <head\/> <body> <p>The soprano Christa Ludwig described him as \u2018Le bon Dieu\u2019. Scores of musicians, reviewers and listeners have long regarded him as simply untouchable in the art of conducting. There was, however, much about Herbert von Karajan that was distinctly ungodlike.<\/p> <p>Ruthlessly ambitious as a young man and grimly autocratic in his later years, Karajan&#8217;s life story is marked by bitter rivalries, feuds and, most notoriously, membership of the Nazi Party.<\/p> <p>But then, just listen to the results. It&#8217;s fascinating to look at the career, the controversy and the achievements of a conductor who still intrigues fans and detractors like no other musician.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 \/ Karajan \u00b7 Berliner Philharmoniker\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9aDEq3u5huA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Herbert von Karajan conducts the Berlin Philharmonic in Beethoven&#8217;s Fifth Symphony <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-karajan-the-early-years\">Herbert von Karajan: early controversies<\/h2> <p>The early career of Herbert von Karajan continues to be swathed in controversy.<\/p> <p>Was he an ardent Nazi or an ambitious opportunist? If he was a zealous party member, should we revere his recordings as much as we do? To what extent should any moral accountability weigh against Karajan\u2019s musical achievement? And how much latitude can we extend to people who have, in artistic terms, given so generously?<\/p> <p>Karajan is not alone in occupying this uncomfortable situation during this era. Similar debate surrounds other great musical figures who at least accommodated with the Nazis, including <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/richard-strauss\/\">Richard Strauss<\/a><\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/carl-orff\/\"><strong>Carl Orff<\/strong> <\/a>and Karl B\u00f6hm. Further back, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/richard-wagner\">Richard Wagner<\/a><\/strong> also evokes hostility in certain quarters with regard to his racial sentiments.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/wagner-opera-characters\">Gods, kings and valkyries: 7 epic Wagner opera characters you should know<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/otto-klemperer\">Otto Klemperer: he fled the Nazis, suffered mental illness &#8211; and was one of the greats<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <p>But back to Herbert von Karajan&#8217;s early years. When <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyextra.com\/period\/second-world-war\/dark-charisma-adolf-hitler-personality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Adolf Hitler swept to power in January 1933<\/strong><\/a>, the 24-year-old Austrian Herbert von Karajan had already notched up nearly four seasons as an up-and-coming opera conductor in the South German city of Ulm.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\">  <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> A young Herbert Von Karajan in 1935, midway through his breakthrough four-year tenure in Ulm. (Photo by Jean MAINBOURG\/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images) &#8211; Jean MAINBOURG\/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <p>Born in Salzburg in 1908 into a prosperous family, he had demonstrated gifts as a pianist and conductor while studying in Vienna. After graduation, his debut orchestral concert with the Salzburg Mozarteum Orchestra in January 1929, featuring works by Strauss, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/mozart\">Mozart<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/tchaikovsky\">Tchaikovsky<\/a><\/strong>, caused a local sensation and helped to secure him the contract in Ulm.<\/p> <p>Karajan seized on the opportunity to learn his trade in Ulm. He cut his teeth on much of the operatic repertory, from Mozart and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/ludwig-van-beethoven\">Beethoven<\/a><\/strong> to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/giacomo-puccini\">Puccini<\/a><\/strong> and Strauss, as well as the opera <em>Schwanda der Dudelsacker<\/em> by the Czech Jewish composer Jaromir Weinberger.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-karajan-joins-the-nazi-party\">Karajan joins the Nazis<\/h2> <p>But after the Nazi takeover, Karajan&#8217;s future wasn&#8217;t assured&#8230;<\/p> <p>In early 1933, German operatic life was thrown into turmoil as the regime hounded out musicians that were deemed politically and racially unacceptable. The Nazis also pursued a protectionist policy to limit employment for non-Germans.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/best-german-composers\">From Bach to Hans Zimmer: the 20 best German composers of all time<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <p>Against this context, Karajan\u2019s decision to join the Nazi Party in Salzburg in April 1933 should be understood as an opportunistic move which was probably designed to safeguard his position at Ulm. Whether it also signalled enthusiasm for Nazi policy is open to speculation. There is little doubt, though, that he hoped that the strong-arm methods of the Nazis would bring cultural stability to Germany.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/articles\/controversy-karajan-eight-quotes\/\">The controversy of Karajan in 8 quotes<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <p>Karajan retained his Ulm job for a further season. During this time he expanded his repertory to include a praised account of Strauss\u2019s opera <em>Arabella<\/em>. But in March 1934 he was fired for professional intrigue involving a potential Jewish rival.<\/p> <p>He did not have to wait long for a new post. Three months later he was made general music director in Aachen. Working in a larger theatre enabled Karajan to tackle more ambitious repertory, such as Wagner\u2019s <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/wagner-ring-cycle\"><em>Ring<\/em> cycle<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/giuseppe-verdi\">Verdi<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s <em>Otello<\/em> and Strauss\u2019s <em>Elektra<\/em>.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Richard Strauss: Also sprach Zarathustra \/Herbert von Karajan \u00b7 Berliner Philharmoniker\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lNLsLwflVuQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <\/figure> <p>He also consolidated his reputation in the concert hall, taking charge of Aachen\u2019s annual season of orchestral and choral concerts. One pre-condition for accepting was that he should re-apply for membership of the Nazi Party, his earlier membership in Salzburg having lapsed. This was confirmed in March 1935.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-karajan-attracts-national-interest\">In 1938, he actually flouted Nazi laws<\/h2> <p>In his &#8216;denazification&#8217; trial in March 1946 Karajan argued that he had joined the Party to further his career. And indeed, he could not escape his obligation as Aachen\u2019s general music director to provide the musical background for political occasions.<\/p> <p>On 29 June 1935 Herbert von Karajan took part in a huge open-air orchestral and choral concert that celebrated the NSDAP (Nazi) Party Day. At a similar ceremony four years later, he conducted the close from Wagner\u2019s opera <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/wagner-meistersinger\">Die Meistersinger von N\u00fcrnberg<\/a><\/strong><\/em>.<\/p> <p>But his concert programmes seemed untainted by political interference: works by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/claude-debussy\">Debussy<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/maurice-ravel\">Ravel<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/musical-terms\/kodaly-method\">Kod\u00e1ly<\/a><\/strong> and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/igor-stravinsky\">Stravinsky<\/a><\/strong> rubbed shoulders with German ones. In 1938, Karajan flouted the law by programming <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/dukas-revealed\">Dukas<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s <em>Sorcerer\u2019s Apprentice<\/em>. Party authorities must have overlooked that Dukas was of Jewish descent.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"> <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"> <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dvo\u0159\u00e1k: Symphony No. 9 &quot;From the New World&quot; \/ Karajan \u00b7 Berliner Philharmoniker\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/P_1N6_O254g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/> <\/div> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Above: Karajan conducts Dvo\u0159\u00e1k&#8217;s Symphony No. 9, &#8216;From the New World&#8217; with the Berlin Philharmonic <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <p>By 1937 Karajan\u2019s achievements in Aachen were attracting national interest.<\/p> <p>In a special edition devoted to Germany\u2019s conducting legacy, the journal <em>Die Musik<\/em> singled him out as a man who \u2018can lead the new organisation of our cultural life in the spirit and direction which National Socialism demands\u2019. Concert engagements in Gothenburg, Vienna, Amsterdam, Brussels and Stockholm helped to spread his name beyond Germany.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/article\/five-fantastic-karajan-moments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Five fantastic Karajan moments<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <p>Yet for all this, Karajan set his sights even higher by hoping to make an impact in Berlin. This ambition was realised in 1938 with a \u2018Strength through Joy\u2019 concert with the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/berlin-philharmonic\">Berlin Philharmonic<\/a><\/strong> Orchestra. An engagement as conductor at the Berlin State Opera in Wagner\u2019s <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/works\/guide-wagners-tristan-und-isolde\">Tristan und Isolde<\/a><\/strong> <\/em>followed in October.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-period-of-political-danger-for-karajan\">Dangerous times for Herbert von Karajan<\/h2> <p>Karajan may not have anticipated that with his move to Berlin he was stepping into a political cauldron over which he would have little control.<\/p> <p>It began with a review of his <em>Tristan<\/em>, which appeared in the <em>Berliner Zeitung<\/em>. Under the title \u2018Karajan the Miracle\u2019, the critic Edwin von der N\u00fcll lavished praise on the performance. He suggested that in conducting Wagner\u2019s score from memory the 30-year-old conductor had achieved \u2018something our great men in their fifties might envy\u2019.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/conductor-types\">From tyrant to comedian, meet the 15 types of conductor<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <p>This was calculated to offend the conductor Wilhelm Furtw\u00e4ngler, who had previously ruled the roost in the same theatre. Karajan was set up as a pawn in the struggle for control of Berlin\u2019s cultural institutions between Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, a Furtw\u00e4ngler supporter, and Minister of Interior Hermann Goering, the patron of the Berlin State Opera.<\/p> <p>In June 1939 Karajan conducted <em>Die Meistersinger<\/em> at the State Opera without a score.<strong> <\/strong>The performance collapsed when the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/artists\/best-baritones\">baritone<\/a><\/strong>, a drunk Rudolf Bockelmann, made a serious error. Alas Hitler, in the audience, was furious, blaming instead Karajan\u2019s insufficiently Germanic approach to Wagner by conducting from memory.<\/p> <p>Further problems arose over his marriage in 1942 to the quarter Jewish Anita G\u00fctermann, technically against the law.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/jewish-composers-suppressed-by-nazis\">Jewish composers suppressed by the Nazis: seven great voices we&#8217;re starting to hear again<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/terezin-ghetto-how-the-persecuted-jewish-community-created-music-within-theresienstadt\">Terezin ghetto: how the persecuted Jewish community created music<\/a><\/strong><\/li> <\/ul> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2025\/01\/Untitled-design-2025-01-24T104617.663.jpg\" alt=\"Herbert von Karajan wife\" class=\"wp-image-218821\"\/> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Arrival of Herbert and Anita Karajan (Anna Maria) at Vienna International Airport. About 1955. (Photo by Votava\/brandstaetter images via Getty Images) &#8211; Votava\/brandstaetter images via Getty Images <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-prospering-career\">A prospering career<\/h2> <p>Yet, despite this and the suspicion of Goebbels and Hitler, and Furtw\u00e4ngler\u2019s jealousy, Karajan&#8217;s career actually prospered during <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/what-happened-to-classical-musicians-during-world-war-2\">World War Two<\/a><\/strong>. He conducted <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/features\/composers\/johann-sebastian-bach\">Bach<\/a><\/strong>\u2019s B Minor Mass in Paris for the occupying German soldiers in 1940. And he returned to the French capital in 1941 to present his performance of <em>Tristan<\/em> with the Berlin State Opera.<\/p> <p>From 1940 onward, Karajan&#8217;s overseas appearances grew. He appeared in Italy, and gave concerts in Romania and Hungary. A major achievement was to secure popularity for Orff\u2019s <em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.classical-music.com\/articles\/carmina-burana-lyrics-composer\">Carmina Burana<\/a><\/strong><\/em>, a score that had aroused some hostility from the Nazi hierarchy at its first performance in 1937 before Karajan\u2019s performances in Aachen and Berlin during the early 1940s.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-karajan-and-the-nazis-an-opportunistic-relationship\">Karajan and the Nazis: an opportunistic relationship<\/h2> <p>Driven by a fanatical love of music and a desire to advance his career, there\u2019s little doubt that Karajan\u2019s involvement with the Nazi regime was opportunistic.<\/p> <figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2025\/01\/Untitled-design-2025-01-24T103828.363.jpg\" alt=\"Hebert von Karajan Nazi\" class=\"wp-image-218818\"\/> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Demonstrators outside Carnegie Hall in New York during a performance by Herbert von Karajan with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, 3 March 1955. The placard refers to von Karajan and composer Gerhart von Westerman&#8217;s previous Nazi Party membership. (Photo by FPG\/Archive Photos\/Getty Images) &#8211; FPG\/Archive Photos\/Getty Images <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <p>Doubtless though there were also areas of Nazi policy that may well have chimed in with his own views. At the same time falling foul of the regime on occasions, his personal ideology can be best described as a montage of greys; nothing is ever clear-cut and nor perhaps should be our assessment of his work.<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Published: Friday, 24 January 2025 at 10:53 AM The soprano Christa Ludwig described him as \u2018Le bon Dieu\u2019. Scores of musicians, reviewers and listeners have long regarded him as simply untouchable in the art of conducting. There was, however, much about Herbert von Karajan that was distinctly ungodlike. Ruthlessly ambitious as a young man [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":52127,"template":"","categories":[1,17],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"7"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-nazi-opportunist.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-nazi-opportunist-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-nazi-opportunist-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-nazi-opportunist-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-nazi-opportunist-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-nazi-opportunist.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/37\/2025\/01\/herbert-von-karajan-godlike-conductor-nazi-opportunist.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Published: Friday, 24 January 2025 at 10:53 AM The soprano Christa Ludwig described him as \u2018Le bon Dieu\u2019. Scores of musicians, reviewers and listeners have long regarded him as simply untouchable in the art of conducting. There was, however, much about Herbert von Karajan that was distinctly ungodlike. Ruthlessly ambitious as a young man&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/52126"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcmusicmagazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}