{"id":25440,"date":"2023-03-20T09:43:24","date_gmt":"2023-03-20T08:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sciencefocus.com\/?p=113884"},"modified":"2023-03-20T10:37:14","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T09:37:14","slug":"spring-equinox-2023-exactly-when-and-what-is-it","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/rss_feed\/spring-equinox-2023-exactly-when-and-what-is-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Spring equinox 2023: Exactly when and what is it?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Find out when it is and what happens during the March equinox. <\/p>

By Holly Spanner\n \t\t<\/p>

Published: Monday, 20 March 2023 at 12:00 am<\/p>

\n\n

Spring is finally here, and we\u2019re exactly halfway between mid-winter and mid-summer. There are two equinoxes every year, one in March and the other in September.<\/p>\n

The March equinox, also known as the vernal equinox, marks the beginning of astronomical spring in the northern hemisphere. This phenomenon has been observed \u2013 and celebrated \u2013 for thousands of years, and has important implications for astronomy and agriculture, as well as cultural traditions.<\/p>\n

But when exactly is the spring equinox? And how does it affect the tides? Read on for answers to this and more.<\/p>\n

For those who missed it, you can check out our\u00a0reader gallery of the Venus-Jupiter conjunction<\/a>\u00a0from earlier in the month, and if you\u2019re looking forward to clear nights this year, why not plan ahead with our\u00a0full Moon UK calendar<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0astronomy for beginners guide<\/a>?<\/p>\n

When is the spring equinox 2023?<\/h2>\n

The spring equinox 2023 in the northern hemisphere is on\u00a0Monday 20 March<\/strong>. The spring equinox marks the first day of spring, and the precise time of the equinox will be at 9:24pm GMT.<\/p>\n

For the two hemispheres, the equinoxes are at opposites. When it\u2019s the spring equinox in the northern hemisphere, it\u2019s the autumn equinox in the southern hemisphere. For the purposes of this article, when we refer to the spring equinox, it is from the point of view from the northern hemisphere, and we are referring to the March equinox, unless stated otherwise.<\/p>\n

What is the spring equinox?<\/h2>\n

So, what happens during the spring equinox? In simple terms, the spring equinox is when the Sun crosses the celestial equator (an imaginary line in the sky above Earth\u2019s equator), going from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere. As the Sun is exactly above the equator, both the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere receive nearly equal amounts of the Sun\u2019s rays. In other words, the day and night are (almost) equal in both hemispheres.<\/p>\n

The word \u2018equinox\u2019 derives from the Latin aequi<\/em>, meaning \u2018equal\u2019, and nox<\/em>, meaning \u2018night\u2019, so together, translates as \u2018equal night\u2019.<\/p>\n

In reality, we will actually be seeing a few more<\/em> minutes of sunlight at the spring equinox. This is thanks to refraction in the atmosphere that bends the Sun\u2019s rays, causing the Sun to appear above the horizon when it\u2019s actually below, resulting in slightly more daylight than darkness. The March equinox denotes the start of spring in the northern hemisphere, and the start of autumn in the southern hemisphere.<\/p>\n

At the September equinox (the autumn equinox in the northern hemisphere), the Sun crosses the celestial equator again, this time going the other way, from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere.<\/p>\n

\"""\"<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>
The March equinox marks the start of spring in the northern hemisphere. \u00a9 Getty<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div>\n

The exact point at which the Sun crosses the celestial equator during the spring equinox is known as the \u2018First Point of Aries\u2019. Back in the day, when the equinoxes were first observed by the Greek astronomer Hipparchus in 130 BCE, this point lay in the constellation Aries. Now, because of precession (as it rotates, the direction of the Earth\u2019s axis wobbles and changes direction), it lies in the constellation of Pisces.<\/p>\n

The First Point of Aries is slowly moving towards the constellation of Aquarius, at a rate of around one degree every 70 years. So, by the year 2597, the First Point of Aries will actually sit in Aquarius. It won\u2019t be for another 23,000 years that the First Point of Aries will return home to its namesake.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s the difference between a solstice and an equinox?<\/h2>\n

The difference between a solstice and an equinox comes down to length. At the two equinoxes, the days and nights are almost of equal length, whereas the solstices mark the shortest (winter solstice) and longest (summer solstice) days of the year.<\/p>\n

During the equinoxes, the Sun is directly above Earth\u2019s equator. During the summer solstice, the northern hemisphere is at its maximum tilt towards the Sun, so the Sun appears at its highest, giving us the longest day of the year. During the winter solstice, the northern hemisphere reaches its maximum tilt away<\/em> from the Sun, so the Sun appears at its lowest in the sky, giving us the shortest day of the year.<\/p>\n

\"""\"<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>
During the equinoxes, the Earth is exactly halfway between the two solstices. \u00a9 Getty<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div>\n

Why do the dates of the spring equinox change?<\/h2>\n

The spring equinox sometimes falls on different dates because the Earth takes a little over 365 days to complete a single orbit around the Sun. To be precise, it actually takes 365.25 days for us to orbit around our star. In the Gregorian calendar, they accounted for this by adding one extra day every four years, and this is why we have leap years.<\/p>\n

This means that the March equinox occurs with approximately a six-hour difference from the previous year. The equinox last year, in 2022, was at 3:33pm, and this year, in 2023, it will be around six hours later at 9:24pm GMT. Similarly, next year in 2024, it will be at 3:06am.<\/p>\n

But you don\u2019t need to worry about remembering new dates every year; we\u2019re stuck with the March equinox being on 20 March until 2044, when it\u2019s on 19 March.<\/p>\n

Dates and times of the March equinoxes, GMT<\/h3>\n

2023:<\/strong>\u00a020 March, 9:24pm<\/p>\n

2024:<\/strong>\u00a020 March, 3:06am<\/p>\n

2025:<\/strong>\u00a020 March, 9:01am<\/p>\n

2026:<\/strong>\u00a020 March, 2:45pm<\/p>\n

2027:<\/strong>\u00a020 March, 8:24pm<\/p>\n

2028:<\/strong>\u00a020 March, 2:16am<\/p>\n

2029:<\/strong>\u00a020 March, 8:01am<\/p>\n

2030:<\/strong>\u00a020 March, 1:51pm<\/p>\n

How does the equinox affect the tides?<\/h2>\n

Declination is the angular distance, measured in degrees, of the Sun north or south of the celestial equator. When the Sun crosses the celestial equator at the equinox, the Sun\u2019s declination is exactly 0\u00b0, as it\u2019s not offset to the north or south. This happens twice a year, and, as a result, the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth is greater during the equinoxes.<\/p>\n

This means that the Sun exerts a stronger pull on the Earth, because the equator of the Earth is lined up with the Sun. This results in a higher gravitational pull on the tides, and the tidal bulge gets bigger. Tides at this time are known as \u2018equinoctial tides\u2019. If you live near the coast, look out for greater-than-average ranges between high and low tide.<\/p>\n

This effect was even described by Isaac Newton as far back as 1686, when he explained how the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon on Earth\u2019s equatorial bulge affected movement of the Earth\u2019s axis. This gave rise to what we know as \u2018precession of the equinoxes\u2019. If you\u2019re in the mood, you can read the original Latin inscription of his book, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica<\/em><\/a>, over at Project Gutenberg.<\/p>\n

How does the equinox effect the aurorae?<\/h2>\n

Aurorae and major geomagnetic storms tend to occur more frequently around the equinoxes.<\/p>\n

During the March equinox, the south pole of the Sun<\/em> is tilted towards Earth<\/a> (the reverse is true during the September equinox, when the north pole of the Sun is tilted towards the Earth). The magnetic field lines around the Sun\u2019s equator loop back around, and back to the surface. But at the poles, they are open to space, extending out into the interplanetary magnetic field.<\/p>\n

\"""\"<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>
The Sun\u2019s magnetic field has two poles, the same as a bar magnet. These poles flip when solar activity peaks, every 11 years. A solar wind made up of charged particles carries the magnetic field away from the surface of the Sun and through the Solar System. \u00a9 NASA\/ Nick Arge<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div>\n

Although still poorly understood, during the equinoxes it is thought there is more contact between the magnetic field lines of the Sun\u2019s poles with those of the Earth. When one of the Sun\u2019s poles is tilted towards the Earth, it\u2019s easier for ejected material to travel along these lines until they interact with the Earth\u2019s magnetosphere. The charged particles that make up this \u2018solar wind\u2019 collide with nitrogen and oxygen molecules, resulting in the massive, dancing bands of the aurora.<\/p>\n

Just like the Sun, the Earth has a magnetic field, known as a dipole field. This means the Earth has two magnetic poles (\u2018di\u2019 meaning two), one at the north pole and one at the south pole. These magnetic poles are different to the geographic poles, and do not stay still relative to the Earth; they wander<\/a>. As the lines of Earth\u2019s magnetic field feed into the magnetic poles, the charged particles from the Sun are channelled towards the poles, and this is why we see more aurora at the poles.<\/p>\n

Read more:<\/strong><\/p>\n