{"id":37226,"date":"2023-12-16T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-16T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/911f598c-fbb4-4885-a675-97531c781472"},"modified":"2023-12-16T11:46:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-16T10:46:13","slug":"heres-how-to-tell-if-your-dog-actually-loves-you-according-to-science","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/rss_feed\/heres-how-to-tell-if-your-dog-actually-loves-you-according-to-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Here\u2019s how to tell if your dog actually loves you, according to science"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\">Your dog is so pleased to see you when you get home. Then again, that\u2019s also when you feed them. So does your dog see you as their best friend or merely a food delivery system? <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Prof Alexandra Horowitz\n      <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Saturday, 16 December 2023 at 10:00 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>You won\u2019t find the word \u2018love\u2019 in the published papers of scientists who research non-human animals. Ironically, though, most animal behaviour scientists were drawn to the subject because of their deep and abiding interest in them. <\/p><p>And yet, generations of researchers have been trained not to use anthropomorphic words like \u2018love\u2019 to describe something a non-human animal might be feeling. Indeed, the use of anthropomorphism (descriptions of non-human behaviour or characteristics with terminology used to describe humans) has long been condemned in the field of animal behaviour. Hence, researchers talk of \u2018temperament\u2019 instead of \u2018personality\u2019 and \u2018positive cognitive bias\u2019 instead of \u2018optimism\u2019.<\/p><p>This hard-line stance against the applicability of human terms to nonhumans is loosening, however. Partly for the usefulness of some of the terms for describing animal behaviour, but also for the strong evolutionary reasons to believe that non-human animals are not entirely dissimilar to humans. <\/p><div style=\"position:relative;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:56.25%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jwplayer.com\/players\/uC2nyqDe-tZBE4bTs.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"auto\" title=\"6 simple ways to upgrade your dogs life\" style=\"position:absolute;\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><p>What is clear to anyone who observes dogs\u2019 behaviour is that dogs are hopelessly fond of us. We could call it \u2018hypersociable\u2019 or \u2018socially preoccupied\u2019; we could call it \u2018excessively affectionate\u2019. Or we could call it loving. <\/p><p>Even so, another puzzle has arisen: how does one recognise an anthropomorphic concept like \u2018love\u2019? In other words, what are the defining behaviours or neurological features of love that one might look for in a species without the verbal capacity to say, \u201cYes, I feel love.\u201d <\/p><p>So far, the answers have come in terms of behavioural measures (what dogs do that looks like love) and physiological measures (how their bodies change in ways similar to our bodily changes when we\u2019re besotted). <\/p><p>If you live with dogs, you may have heard of \u2013 or are experiencing \u2013 separation anxiety: distressed, anxious and sometimes destructive behaviour a dog performs in your absence. This disorder is really an exaggerated form of attachment, a word first used to describe the relationship between mother and child. <\/p><p>Tests for attachment involve monitoring a child (or dog\u2019s) behaviour when separated from the mother: distress at separation and calming at reunion indicates attachment. This bonding is part of the process of developing a loving relationship: that such occurs in dog-human relationships (even in a disorderly way) looks like the same thing. <\/p><p>One strain of research looks at dogs\u2019 sensitivity to our emotional states, such as coming close when we\u2019re crying or upset. This behaviour looks like an expression of love, too, although it remains uncertain whether they\u2019re trying to console us or just worried about the unusual hormones and sounds we\u2019re making. <\/p><p><strong>Read more:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencefocus.com\/news\/puppy-love-how-science-explains-our-special-bond-with-dogs\/\">Puppy love: How science explains our special bond with dogs<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencefocus.com\/the-human-body\/neuroscience-of-cute\/\">Why your brain thinks this puppy is undoubtedly cuter than a baby<\/a><\/li><\/ul><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Justin Paget<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>On the other hand, some behaviours that look loving, such as a greeting \u2018kiss\u2019, are just as likely to be a vestigial behaviour as an expression of affection. <\/p><p>Dogs\u2018 closest ancestors, wolves, greet\u00a0packmates returning from a hunt with such \u2018kisses\u2019: a greeting, yes, but also a request for the hunter to regurgitate some of the bison they just consumed. <\/p><p>Physiologically, research that might speak to whether dogs love us comes from looking at their heart rates, hormones and brains. In one small study involving dog-human pairs who were especially bonded, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.2752\/175303711X13045914865385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">researchers gave both dog and person heart rate monitors<\/a>, separated them briefly, and then reunited the pairs. <\/p><p>On reunion, the heart rate of both dog and person dropped, and the drops even appeared to be aligned \u2013 two hearts beating as one. <\/p><p>Similarly, you may have heard of a hormone called oxytocin. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide: a kind of compound that acts on the brain. And it\u2019s one with a special role for humans: it\u2019s held to be the neurological reason parents bond with their infants. <\/p><p>Dog researchers have found that oxytocin plays a role in the dog-person bond, too. Just by gazing at each other, rates of oxytocin rise in dogs and in their person. The stronger the bond you have, the more of an effect we find. In fact, just being with their person can cause a dog\u2019s oxytocin level to rise. <\/p><p>There\u2019s no specific section of the brain that is singularly active when looking at, or thinking about, someone we love, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5813826\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fMRI imaging of some dogs\u2019 brains<\/a> shows activity in a reward centre \u2013 the ventral caudate \u2013 both when looking at something they loved (hot dogs) and when hearing the praising voice of their person. It\u2019s not a home run, but, at a minimum, it shows they view us as at least as desirable as processed meats. That said, they\u2019re no dummies. <\/p><p>In a typical dog-human relationship, as we\u2019ve defined it, the human is the one in charge of the food and the dog must wait, patiently or not, for us to dole it out. Dogs are very good at making associations, so it doesn&#8217;t take them long to associate you with the food you deliver. Far from being manipulative, the dog who does your bidding for a treat is just being savvy.<\/p><p><strong>Read more:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencefocus.com\/nature\/the-science-of-dogs-everything-you-need-to-know-about-your-best-buddy\">The science of dogs: Everything you need to know about your best buddy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencefocus.com\/science\/upgrade-your-dogs-life\">6 simple ways to instantly improve your dog&#8217;s life, according to science<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencefocus.com\/news\/why-does-my-dog-stare-at-me\">The (incredibly adorable) reason your dog stares at you<\/a><\/li><\/ul> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Your dog is so pleased to see you when you get home. Then again, that\u2019s also when you feed them. So does your dog see you as their best friend or merely a food delivery system? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":37227,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"5"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2023\/12\/heres-how-to-tell-if-your-dog-actually-loves-you-according-to-science.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2023\/12\/heres-how-to-tell-if-your-dog-actually-loves-you-according-to-science-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2023\/12\/heres-how-to-tell-if-your-dog-actually-loves-you-according-to-science-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2023\/12\/heres-how-to-tell-if-your-dog-actually-loves-you-according-to-science-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2023\/12\/heres-how-to-tell-if-your-dog-actually-loves-you-according-to-science-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2023\/12\/heres-how-to-tell-if-your-dog-actually-loves-you-according-to-science.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/42\/2023\/12\/heres-how-to-tell-if-your-dog-actually-loves-you-according-to-science.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Your dog is so pleased to see you when you get home. Then again, that\u2019s also when you feed them. So does your dog see you as their best friend or merely a food delivery system?","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/37226"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcsciencefocus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}