{"id":21522,"date":"2021-08-03T09:59:02","date_gmt":"2021-08-03T09:59:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/?p=98669"},"modified":"2021-08-03T09:33:27","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T09:33:27","slug":"how-to-see-the-lunar-x-and-lunar-v","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/how-to-see-the-lunar-x-and-lunar-v\/","title":{"rendered":"How to see the Lunar X and Lunar V"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Pete Lawrence\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Tuesday, 03 August 2021 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">The way the light from the Sun plays with features on the lunar surface is fascinating. When the light falls on areas of elevation or relief, shadows are created that give observers the impression they\u2019re seeing amazingly pointed mountains, suspended illuminated arcs and immense canyons.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">Some of this light produces patterns that are reminiscent of more modest fare.\u00a0The Lunar X is one example, appearing as large letter X suspended against the lunar night.<\/p>\n<p>Such creations are known as <a href=\"\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/advice\/skills\/clair-obscur-effects-on-moon\/&quot;\">clair-obscur<\/a> effects, literally \u2018clear-dark\u2019, referring to the play of light that tricks the eye into seeing something that isn\u2019t really there.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Read our guides on <a href=\"\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/advice\/skills\/how-to-observe-the-moon\/&quot;\">how to observe the Moon<\/a> and <a href=\"\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/astrophoto-tips\/how-to-photograph-the-moon\/&quot;\">how to photograph the Moon<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" style=\"padding-bottom:\"> <img class=\"&quot;wp-image-13576\" align=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/02\/LunarX3c_DSC8672-9f7d096-e1627982503148.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C407&quot;\" width=\"&quot;2100&quot;\" height=\"&quot;1380&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;Lunar\" title=\"&quot;Moon_LunarX_002&quot;\" \/><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" \/> Lunar X by Steve Farrington, Blackpool, UK. Equipment: Nikon D7200, Sigma 150-600mm.<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">There are many clair-obscur effects visible on the Moon and most, like the Lunar X, are transient. To see them you have to observe within the short window when they are visible.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">In the case of the Lunar X, it takes approximately <span class=\"&quot;s1&quot;\">2.3 hours for the feature to form<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">Low to medium magnification works best as this is less likely to emphasise the roughness created by smaller craters along the arms of the X.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">Once formed, the X remains visible for about an hour, taking a further 70 minutes to fade back into the lunar surface as it slowly illuminates. In total, the observing window lasts for 4.5 hours.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>Facts about the Lunar X<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul><li class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\"><b>Type:<\/b> Clair-obscur effect<\/li>\n<li class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\"><b>Size:<\/b> 65km (length of each \u2018X\u2019 diagonal)<\/li>\n<li class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\"><b>Longitude\/Latitude:<\/b> 1.1\u00baE, 25.1\u00baS<\/li>\n<li class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\"><b>Age:<\/b> Between 3.9\u20134.6 billion years old<\/li>\n<li class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\"><b>Best time to see: <\/b>First quarter (22 February, from 16:30 UT)<\/li>\n<li class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\"><b>Minimum observing equipment: <\/b>2-inch refractor<\/li>\n<\/ul><div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" style=\"padding-bottom:\"> <img class=\"&quot;wp-image-633\" align=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/02\/2011.04.10-21.21UT-Moon-Southeast-Limb-90e297a.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C570&quot;\" width=\"&quot;1251&quot;\" height=\"&quot;1150&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;South\" title=\"&quot;Moon_LunarX_001&quot;\" \/><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" \/> South East Limb, Showing the \u201cLunar X\u201d by Andrew Houghton, Nottinghamshire, UK. Equipment: SkyWatcher Evostar 120mm refractor, EQ5 mount, Canon EOS 60D.<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\" \/><\/div>\n<h1><strong>When to look for the Lunar X<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">The X is formed when portions of the rims of craters La Caille (68km wide), Blanchinus (68km) and Purbach (118km) catch the Sun\u2019s light as the lunar dawn approaches.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">There is an element of luck required to see it: the Moon obviously needs to be above the horizon during the visibility period and the weather needs to be kind.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">It is often stated that the X is visible at the first <a href=\"\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/moon\/quarter-moon\/&quot;\">quarter Moon<\/a> phase but, being visible for such a short period, greater precision is necessary.<\/p>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" style=\"padding-bottom:\"> <img class=\"&quot;wp-image-13682\" align=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/02\/moon-lights-t_g4_ap228-86354b2.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C473&quot;\" width=\"&quot;1520&quot;\" height=\"&quot;1160&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;The\" title=\"&quot;Moon_LunarX_003&quot;\" \/><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" \/> The Lunar \u2018X\u2019 by Stacey Downton, Birmingham, UK. Equipment: Skywatcher 80ED DS pro, EQ5 pro, Canon 1100D at prime focus<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">A more reliable quantity is a value known as the lunar co-longitude. This describes the position of the morning terminator in degrees measured west of the Moon\u2019s central meridian.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">The co-longitude is 0\u00b0 at first quarter, 90\u00b0 at full Moon, 180\u00b0 at last quarter and 270\u00b0 at new Moon. The X appears when the co-longitude value is at 358\u00b0.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">Various programs and apps can provide this information, including the excellent freeware <a href=\"\/\/www.ap-i.net\/avl\/en\/download&quot;\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\" rel=\"&quot;noopener&quot; noopener noreferrer\">Virtual Lunar Atlas<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">Look for the Lunar X at a point roughly one-third of the way up the terminator from the Moon\u2019s southern limb. We\u2019d suggest using a 2-inch refractor to see the Lunar X, but it should be visible using tripod-mounted binoculars.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>Can you spot the Lunar V?<\/strong><\/h1>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" style=\"padding-bottom:\"> <img class=\"&quot;wp-image-54201\" align=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/09\/Clair-obscur-effect-lunar-v-c7d3e8b.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C620&quot;\" width=\"&quot;1200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;1200&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;Clair\" title=\"&quot;Clair\" \/><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" \/> Credit: Pete Lawrence<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">Once you\u2019ve seen the Lunar X, move your view further north and see whether you can find another famous clair-obscur effect known as the lunar V.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">This forms as elevated relief features close to the crater Ukert (23km) receive their first rays of sunlight from the approaching lunar dawn.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>This guide originally appeared in the February 2018 issue of BBC Sky at Night Magazine.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\" \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Pete Lawrence Published: Tuesday, 03 August 2021 at 12:00 am The way the light from the Sun plays with features on the lunar surface is fascinating. When the light falls on areas of elevation or relief, shadows are created that give observers the impression they\u2019re seeing amazingly pointed mountains, suspended illuminated arcs and immense [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"4"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Pete Lawrence Published: Tuesday, 03 August 2021 at 12:00 am The way the light from the Sun plays with features on the lunar surface is fascinating. When the light falls on areas of elevation or relief, shadows are created that give observers the impression they\u2019re seeing amazingly pointed mountains, suspended illuminated arcs and immense&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/21522"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}