{"id":28808,"date":"2022-02-02T10:15:45","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T10:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/?p=104242"},"modified":"2022-02-02T10:32:11","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T10:32:11","slug":"how-did-the-early-universe-expand-faster-than-light","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/how-did-the-early-universe-expand-faster-than-light\/","title":{"rendered":"How did the early Universe expand faster than light?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Marcus Chown\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Wednesday, 02 February 2022 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>Again and again we\u2019re told that according to Einstein\u2019s theories of relativity, nothing in the known Universe can expand faster than light.<\/p>\n<p>It violates the laws of physics. It can\u2019t be done.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;s1&quot;\">And yet, seemingly contradicting this fundamental law is the idea that the early Universe itself expanded at a rate faster than light.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;s1&quot;\">How can this be? How did the early Universe expand faster <\/span><span class=\"&quot;s2&quot;\">than the speed of light, if no matter can travel faster than light? Doesn\u2019t this contradict relativity?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Read more:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/what-is-gravity-facts-about-force\/&quot;\"><em><strong>What is gravity?<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/what-happen-fell-into-black-hole\/&quot;\"><em><strong>What would happen if you fell into a black hole?<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/newton-einstein-gravity\/&quot;\"><em><strong>What\u2019s the difference between Newton and Einstein gravity?<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--full=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C203,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C203,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C240,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C240,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C274,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C274,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C375,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C375,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C419,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C419,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C276,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C276,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C376,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C376,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-51819\" align=\"\" size-full=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--full=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2020\/08\/Big-Bang-3553831.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C419&quot;\" width=\"&quot;1500&quot;\" height=\"&quot;1014&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;Much\" of=\"\" the=\"\" universe=\"\" expansion=\"\" occurred=\"\" a=\"\" fraction=\"\" second=\"\" after=\"\" big=\"\" bang=\"\" during=\"\" inflation=\"\" and=\"\" initial=\"\" positions=\"\" all=\"\" matter=\"\" in=\"\" are=\"\" imprinted=\"\" on=\"\" its=\"\" afterglow.=\"\" credit:=\"\" nasa=\"\" title=\"&quot;Much\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> Much of the Universe\u2019s expansion occurred a fraction of a second after the Big Bang, during inflation, and the initial positions of all the matter in the Universe are imprinted on its afterglow. Credit: NASA<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">It is perfectly true that Einstein\u2019s special theory of relativity, published in 1905, reveals the speed of light as the ultimate speed limit of any material body.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">However, the problem with special relativity is that it is\u2026 special!<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">It relates what one person sees when they look at another person moving at constant speed relative to them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">The moving person appears to shrink in the direction of their motion while their time slows down: effects that become ever more marked as they approach the speed of light.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">But most of the time bodies change their speed with time \u2013 for instance, a car accelerates away from traffic lights.<\/p>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--full=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C173,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C173,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C205,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C205,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C234,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C234,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C319,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C319,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C357,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C357,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C235,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C235,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C321,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C321,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-100389\" align=\"\" size-full=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--full=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2021\/09\/Einstein-ring-f7d15d3.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C357&quot;\" width=\"&quot;1280&quot;\" height=\"&quot;738&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;Einstein\" ring=\"\" title=\"&quot;Einstein\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> The circular shape surrounding the bright galaxy cluster in the centre of the image is known as an Einstein ring. It\u2019s caused by light from distant galaxies being warped by the mass of the cluster in front of it. The idea that mass can warp spacetime was predicted by Einstein in his general theory of relativity. Credit: ESA\/Hubble &amp; NASA. Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">With the <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/after-einstein-100-years-of-general-relativity\/&quot;\">general theory of relativity<\/a>, published in 1915, Einstein extended special relativity, relating what one person sees in the general case when they look at another person accelerating relative to them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">The theory fortuitously turned out to also be a theory of gravity, which can be applied to the biggest gravitating system of all \u2013 the Universe.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">And, when it is, it reveals <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/what-is-spacetime\/&quot;\">space-time<\/a> to be a kind of backdrop to which the <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/a-guide-to-galaxies\/&quot;\">galaxies<\/a> are effectively nailed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">That \u2018backdrop\u2019 \u2013 not being a material thing \u2013 can expand at any rate it likes. And it certainly did.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">That was during the epoch of inflation, during the first split-second of the Universe\u2019s existence, when the Universe expanded at a rate that was effectively far faster than the speed of light.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>This article originally appeared in the February 2008 issue of BBC Sky at Night Magazine.<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Marcus Chown Published: Wednesday, 02 February 2022 at 12:00 am Again and again we\u2019re told that according to Einstein\u2019s theories of relativity, nothing in the known Universe can expand faster than light. It violates the laws of physics. It can\u2019t be done. And yet, seemingly contradicting this fundamental law is the idea that the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":28809,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"3"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/how-did-the-early-universe-expand-faster-than-light.jpg",1500,1027,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/how-did-the-early-universe-expand-faster-than-light-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/how-did-the-early-universe-expand-faster-than-light-300x205.jpg",300,205,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/how-did-the-early-universe-expand-faster-than-light-768x526.jpg",768,526,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/how-did-the-early-universe-expand-faster-than-light-1024x701.jpg",800,548,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/how-did-the-early-universe-expand-faster-than-light.jpg",1500,1027,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/how-did-the-early-universe-expand-faster-than-light.jpg",1500,1027,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Marcus Chown Published: Wednesday, 02 February 2022 at 12:00 am Again and again we\u2019re told that according to Einstein\u2019s theories of relativity, nothing in the known Universe can expand faster than light. It violates the laws of physics. It can\u2019t be done. And yet, seemingly contradicting this fundamental law is the idea that the&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/28808"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28809"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}