{"id":28826,"date":"2022-02-04T09:30:50","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T09:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/?p=103801"},"modified":"2022-02-04T09:44:11","modified_gmt":"2022-02-04T09:44:11","slug":"can-astronomy-explain-why-the-egyptians-built-the-pyramids","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/can-astronomy-explain-why-the-egyptians-built-the-pyramids\/","title":{"rendered":"Can astronomy explain why the Egyptians built the pyramids?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Dr Allan Chapman\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Friday, 04 February 2022 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>The pyramids at Giza have fascinated people as far back as we can trace, and even Herodotus was told some odd tales about them by the locals when he was in Egypt around 460 BC.<\/p>\n<p>Medieval European writers who had never been to Egypt believed that the pyramids were hollow granaries for storing the Pharaoh\u2019s wheat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;s1&quot;\">In 1638, John Greaves of Oxford made <\/span><span class=\"&quot;s1&quot;\">the first reasonably accurate surveys, but <\/span>it was not until 19<sup>th <\/sup>century linguists and archaeological research in Egypt <span class=\"&quot;s2&quot;\">that the ingenuity of Egyptian astronomy <\/span>and its link to architecture emerged.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>More astronomy history:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/great-debate-1920-curtis-shapley-astronomy\/&quot;\"><em><strong>Astronomy\u2019s Great Debate<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>The story of the <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/asteroid-vesta-discovery-celestial-police\/&quot;\">Celestial Police<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>A look at <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/astronomy-literature\/&quot;\">astronomy in literature<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul><div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--full=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C245,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C245,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C290,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C290,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C331,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C331,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C453,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C453,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C507,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C507,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C333,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C333,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C454,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C454,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-103809\" align=\"\" size-full=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--full=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/Portrait_head_of_pharaoh_or_prince_from_Giza_01-0f4e96e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C507&quot;\" width=\"&quot;4463&quot;\" height=\"&quot;3648&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;Head\" of=\"\" khufu=\"\" in=\"\" ivory=\"\" displayed=\"\" at=\"\" the=\"\" altes=\"\" museum=\"\" berlin.=\"\" credit:=\"\" archaioptix=\"\" wikicommons=\"\" title=\"&quot;Head\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> Head of Khufu in ivory displayed at the Altes Museum, Berlin. Credit: ArchaiOptix \/ WikiCommons<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;s2&quot;\">From these relatively recent researches,<\/span> we now know that the Great Pyramid of Giza, near Cairo, was built around 2700 BC by Pharaoh Khufu, and forms one of a group of three pyramids on the site.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">Each of the pyramids at Giza has an exact astronomical orientation, its flat sides the compass points.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">By 1870, translations of excavated Egyptian papyri enabled scholars to gain a very precise understanding of their culture, and central to that culture was the fate of the soul of the dead Pharaoh.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">To maintain peace in the land, it was necessary for the Pharaoh\u2019s soul to journey between the mummy, entombed in the pyramid, and the heavens.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">And very important to the Egyptians were the north polar circumpolar stars, named \u2018ikhemu-sek\u2019, or the \u2018immortals\u2019, because they never \u2018died\u2019 by setting below the horizon.<\/p>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--full=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C185,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C185,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C219,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C219,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C250,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C250,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C342&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C342&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C383&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C383&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C252,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C252,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C344&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C344&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-103808\" align=\"\" size-full=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--full=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2022\/01\/GettyImages-929273462-ecb4bc8.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C383&quot;\" width=\"&quot;1024&quot;\" height=\"&quot;633&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;A\" century=\"\" illustration=\"\" showing=\"\" the=\"\" astronomical=\"\" observing=\"\" platform=\"\" within=\"\" great=\"\" pyramid=\"\" of=\"\" cheops=\"\" at=\"\" giza.=\"\" credit:=\"\" universal=\"\" history=\"\" archive=\"\" getty=\"\" images=\"\" title=\"&quot;A\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> A 19th century illustration showing the astronomical observing platform within the Great Pyramid of Cheops at Giza. Credit: Universal History Archive \/ Getty Images<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">In fact, these Old Kingdom pyramids of the fourth dynasty had corridors that led from the interior to the northern face, and were inclined so exactly that when one looked up them one would see the pole star and the \u2018immortals\u2019.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">In 2700 BC our own pole star, the <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/advice\/skills\/how-find-polaris-north-star\/&quot;\">North Star<\/a> Polaris, would not have occupied the north polar point.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">At that time the pole star would have been Thuban (alpha (<span class=\"&quot;s3&quot;\">\u03b1<\/span>) Draconis).<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">A glance at the angle between Thuban and Polaris on a modern star chart will give some idea of how far the precession of the equinoxes has \u2018turned\u2019 the sky in 5,000 years.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p2&quot;\">The translation of the hieroglyphs and the \u2018Dendera Zodiac\u2019 in the early Victorian age taught us about Egypt\u2019s 365-day calendar, constellations and the first division of the day and night into 12 hours each, as archaeology and modern scholarship replaced mystery with sound knowledge.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>This article originally appeared in the March 2006 issue of <\/strong><\/em><strong>BBC Sky at Night Magazine<\/strong><em><strong>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dr Allan Chapman Published: Friday, 04 February 2022 at 12:00 am The pyramids at Giza have fascinated people as far back as we can trace, and even Herodotus was told some odd tales about them by the locals when he was in Egypt around 460 BC. Medieval European writers who had never been to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":28827,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"3"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/can-astronomy-explain-why-the-egyptians-built-the-pyramids.jpg",1200,801,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/can-astronomy-explain-why-the-egyptians-built-the-pyramids-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/can-astronomy-explain-why-the-egyptians-built-the-pyramids-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/can-astronomy-explain-why-the-egyptians-built-the-pyramids-768x513.jpg",768,513,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/can-astronomy-explain-why-the-egyptians-built-the-pyramids-1024x684.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/can-astronomy-explain-why-the-egyptians-built-the-pyramids.jpg",1200,801,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2022\/02\/can-astronomy-explain-why-the-egyptians-built-the-pyramids.jpg",1200,801,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Dr Allan Chapman Published: Friday, 04 February 2022 at 12:00 am The pyramids at Giza have fascinated people as far back as we can trace, and even Herodotus was told some odd tales about them by the locals when he was in Egypt around 460 BC. Medieval European writers who had never been to&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/28826"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}