{"id":42364,"date":"2023-02-27T09:17:51","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T09:17:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/?p=116400"},"modified":"2023-02-27T10:32:37","modified_gmt":"2023-02-27T10:32:37","slug":"how-hot-is-the-sun","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/how-hot-is-the-sun\/","title":{"rendered":"How hot is the Sun?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"> Find out about the internal structures of our host star and their different temperatures. <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Amy Arthur\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Monday, 27 February 2023 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body> <p>The hottest part of our Sun is its core, where nuclear fusion reactions create temperatures up to 15 million degrees Celsius (\u00baC) or 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (\u00baF), according to <a href=\"text=The%20temperature%20in%20the%20Sun's,mass%2C%20keeping%20it%20from%20collapsing.&quot;\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\" rel=\"&quot;nofollow noopener noreferrer\" noopener=\"\">NASA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Here, 500,000 kilometres below the surface, immense pressure fuses hydrogen molecules together to make helium, releasing energy as heat and light in the process.<\/p>\n<p>This heat radiates out from the core, through the 700,000 km of <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/sun\/solar-disc\/&quot;\">the Sun<\/a>\u2019s radius.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/questions-about-sun-answered\/&quot;\"><em><strong>10 questions about the Sun \u2013 answered<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--full=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C225,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C225,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C266,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C266,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C304,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C304,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C416&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C416&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C465&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C465&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C306,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C306,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C417&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C417&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-116403\" align=\"\" size-full=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--full=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2023\/02\/nasa-sun-diagram-f09e16c.jpeg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C465&quot;\" width=\"&quot;1041&quot;\" height=\"&quot;781&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> A NASA diagram showing the internal workings of the Sun. Credit:\u00a0NASA\/Goddard<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<p>The region that encircles the core, called the radiative zone, gets its heat from the core, and is around 7 million \u00baC at its closest point to the centre and around 2 million \u00baC in its outermost point.<\/p>\n<p>Surrounding the radiative zone is the convection zone, which quickly loses heat as it is carried away from the core to the surface of the Sun.<\/p>\n<p>The temperature drops over this region from 2 million \u00baC to just 5,800\u00baC at the Sun\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n<p>Called the photosphere, the surface is the part of the Sun we see from Earth and it is actually the coolest region, relatively speaking.<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-missions\/solar-missions-scientists-study-sun\/&quot;\"><em><strong>How do scientists study the Sun?<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--full=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C256,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C256,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C303,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=355%2C303,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C346,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=405%2C346,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C473,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=554%2C473,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C530,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C530,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C349,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=408%2C349,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C475,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=556%2C475,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-42868\" align=\"\" size-full=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--full=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/25\/2019\/11\/Coronal_Mass_ejections-88efe82-e1573820632859.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=620%2C530&quot;\" width=\"&quot;1500&quot;\" height=\"&quot;1282&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div><div class=\"&quot;caption-hold&quot;\"><figcaption class=\"&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;caption-copy&quot;\"><i class=\"&quot;icon-arrow\" icon-camera-circle=\"\"\/> Coronal mass ejections captured by NASA\u2019s Solar Dynamic Observatory in June 2013. Credit: NASA\/SDO<\/span><\/figcaption><span class=\"&quot;im-image-caption&quot;\"\/><\/div>\n<h2><strong>The Sun\u2019s corona is hotter than its surface<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Interestingly, the atmosphere around the Sun, called the corona, is hotter than its surface.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists don\u2019t yet know why the corona can reach temperatures of 1 million \u00baC, though the leading hypothesis is that <a href=\"\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-021-01354-8&quot;\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\" rel=\"&quot;nofollow noopener noreferrer\" noopener=\"\">energy travels via the Sun\u2019s magnetic field<\/a> out into the atmosphere where it \u2018explodes\u2019 as a burst of heat.<\/p>\n<p>We get ever closer to answering this question, among others, thanks to the <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-missions\/parker-solar-probe-solar-orbiter\/&quot;\">NASA Parker Solar Probe<\/a> passing through the corona.<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Discovering\" the=\"\" sun=\"\" mysteriously=\"\" hot=\"\" atmosphere=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NYnUjtWCqA0?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" web-share=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<h2><strong>Stars hotter than the Sun<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Our Sun is by no means the hottest star. That accolade goes to the star WR 102, which is found in the constellation of Sagittarius and has a surface temperature of over 200,000\u00baC.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/advice\/brightest-star-in-night-sky\/&quot;\">brightest of stars in our night sky<\/a>, Sirius, has a surface temperature of 9,600\u00baC, while Alpha Centauri A, the Earth\u2019s nearest yellow dwarf star (like that of our Sun) is 5,500\u00baC at its surface.<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Find out about the internal structures of our host star and their different temperatures. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":42365,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"2"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/02\/how-hot-is-the-sun.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/02\/how-hot-is-the-sun-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/02\/how-hot-is-the-sun-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/02\/how-hot-is-the-sun-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/02\/how-hot-is-the-sun-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/02\/how-hot-is-the-sun.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/02\/how-hot-is-the-sun.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Find out about the internal structures of our host star and their different temperatures.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/42364"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}