{"id":46578,"date":"2023-06-23T07:35:09","date_gmt":"2023-06-23T07:35:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/?p=119682"},"modified":"2023-06-23T08:32:36","modified_gmt":"2023-06-23T08:32:36","slug":"a-history-of-3d-mapping-the-universe","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/a-history-of-3d-mapping-the-universe\/","title":{"rendered":"A history of 3D mapping the Universe"},"content":{"rendered":"

A look at 3D cosmic cartography and historic attempts to produce a roadmap of space. <\/p>

By Govert Schilling\n \t\t<\/p>

Published: Friday, 23 June 2023 at 12:00 am<\/p>

\n\n

The first three-dimensional map of the Universe, made with a 1.5-metre telescope at Mount Hopkins in Arizona, was published over 40 years ago, in 1982.<\/p>\n

It took Marc Davis and his colleagues five years to determine the redshifts<\/a> and corresponding distances of 2,400 galaxies<\/a>, out to a distance of approximately 600 million lightyears.<\/p>\n

A second redshift survey of the same wedge of sky, carried out between 1985 and 1995, mapped the 3D positions of no fewer than 18,000 galaxies.<\/p>\n

\""The\"<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>
The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. Credit: Matthew Colless<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div>\n

Between 1997 and 2002, using multi-object spectroscopy<\/a> at the 3.9-metre Anglo-Australian Telescope, a team led by Matthew Colless carried out the Two-Degree-Field (2dF) Galaxy Redshift Survey<\/a>.<\/p>\n

They determined the redshifts of 230,000 galaxies, out to a distance of some 2.5 billion lightyears.<\/p>\n

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey<\/a>, which started in 2000 and is still running, employs a dedicated 2.5-metre telescope in New Mexico.<\/p>\n

\""The\"<\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the largest 3D map of the cosmos to date. Credit: Image Credit: M. Blanton and SDSS<\/span><\/figcaption><\/div>\n

So far, it has yielded over four million spectra of both stars and galaxies, out to distances of billions of lightyears.<\/p>\n

Finally, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) at the 4-metre Nicholas U Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory in Arizona, which is very much complementary to ESA\u2019s Euclid mission<\/a>, is expected to complete its five-year redshift survey of 35\u201340 million galaxies in 2026.<\/p>\n

This guide originally appeared in the July 2023 issue of <\/strong><\/em>BBC Sky at Night Magazine<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n

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