{"id":48682,"date":"2023-08-17T09:47:20","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T09:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/4320ab52-fc44-448a-af4d-7f9c3f6fc7f0"},"modified":"2023-08-17T10:32:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T10:32:36","slug":"make-your-own-moon-impact-craters","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/make-your-own-moon-impact-craters\/","title":{"rendered":"Make your own Moon impact craters"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>

By Mary McIntyre\n <\/p>

Published: Thursday, 17 August 2023 at 09:47 AM<\/p>

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Make your own Moon impact craters<\/h1>
We’ve all seen craters on the Moon, but have you ever tried to make your own Moon impact craters at home?<\/p>
This simple astronomy arts and craft activity uses just flour, cocoa powder and plasticine and is a good introduction to how lunar craters and surrounding features are created.<\/p>
Our Moon crater activity is great fun for all the family to get involved with, and makes for a great kids’ science project for school or at home.<\/p>
Read our guide on how to observe the Moon with the naked eye or a telescope<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>

How Moon craters are formed<\/strong><\/h2>\nPtolemaeus and Rupes Recta lunar craters, photographed by John Brown, Leicester, 9 April 2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Craters are formed when an asteroid<\/a>, comet<\/a> or large meteorite hits the surface of a planet or moon. <\/p>
These objects can be travelling at speeds of up to 40 kilometres per second, so the impact is violent and the energy released can dramatically change the landscape around it within seconds.<\/p>
The crater itself is usually circular, but in some circumstances oval-shaped craters can form.\u00a0<\/p>
Commonly seen features at a Moon crater include:<\/p>
\n
Raised rim around the edge of the crater<\/li>
Unstable material slipping down on the inside edge to form slump terraces<\/li>
Blanket of ejecta material from below the surface that extends outwards by 2\u20133 crater diameters<\/li>
Ejecta rays<\/a> \u2013 like those at Crater Copernicus<\/a> and Crater Tycho<\/a> \u2013 which are straight lines of subsurface material extending outwards from the crater<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
$\"Crater$
Crater Tycho and its famous ejecta rays, as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, and D. Ehrenreich (Institut de Plan\u00e9tologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)\/CNRS\/Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
What you need to make your own Moon crater<\/strong><\/h2>
Lunar impact craters are usually 10 to 20 times larger in diameter than the object that created them.<\/p>
But the ones we create won\u2019t be that large because we can\u2019t throw our impactors at the speed needed for such a dramatic effect!<\/p>
However, we\u2019ll still be creating craters with very similar features to those that you can see on the Moon.\u00a0<\/p>
Flour is ideal for this project because it mimics the behaviour of lunar surface material pulverised by a violent impact.<\/p>
It’s lightweight,so it produces great ejecta features that stand out when a darker layer of cocoa powder is used as a surface covering.\u00a0<\/p>\n
$\"When$
When making a Moon crater, the underlying white flour shows up well against the darker cocoa powder surface. Credit: Mary McIntyre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Cover the floor around the cake tin with a plastic or vinyl sheet to catch any stray material. <\/p>
Your tin should be min. 4\u20135cm deep, or your impactors will hit the bottom and bounce, creating an unnatural crater.\u00a0<\/p>
When it\u2019s time to drop your impactors, hang a makeshift plumb line so you can centre the cake tin underneath.<\/p>
Once the tin is in place, you can shorten the string so the end is 1 metre above the floor.<\/p>
Hold your impactors at the end of the string before dropping, to ensure they\u2019re falling from the same height.<\/p>
After you\u2019ve dropped from that height, shorten the line so the end is 1.5 metres from the floor and drop again.\u00a0<\/p>
Photograph or sketch each crater and its features after impact to compare different sizes of impactors and different heights.<\/p>
Follow our step-by-step guide below to make your own Moon crater.<\/p>
What you’ll need<\/strong><\/h2>
\n
Air-dry clay or Plasticine for making different-sized impactors<\/li>
White flour \u2013 any kind will do. Alternatively, you could use fine white sand instead<\/li>
Cocoa powder and a sieve to create the top layer of your lunar surface, contrasting the flour<\/li>
Deep cake tin or oven tray. We used a 4cm-deep circular tin with a diameter of 20cm<\/li>
A ruler longer than the cake tin diameter so you can level the top of the flour with one swipe<\/li>\n<\/ul>
Step-by-step<\/strong><\/h2> <\/body><\/html>\n
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By Mary McIntyre Published: Thursday, 17 August 2023 at 09:47 AM Make your own Moon impact craters We’ve all seen craters on the Moon, but have you ever tried to make your own Moon impact craters at home? This simple astronomy arts and craft activity uses just flour, cocoa powder and plasticine and is a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":48683,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"4"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/make-your-own-moon-impact-craters.jpg",1200,866,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/make-your-own-moon-impact-craters-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/make-your-own-moon-impact-craters-300x217.jpg",300,217,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/make-your-own-moon-impact-craters-768x554.jpg",768,554,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/make-your-own-moon-impact-craters-1024x739.jpg",800,577,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/make-your-own-moon-impact-craters.jpg",1200,866,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/make-your-own-moon-impact-craters.jpg",1200,866,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Mary McIntyre Published: Thursday, 17 August 2023 at 09:47 AM Make your own Moon impact craters We’ve all seen craters on the Moon, but have you ever tried to make your own Moon impact craters at home? This simple astronomy arts and craft activity uses just flour, cocoa powder and plasticine and is a…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/48682"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}