{"id":48715,"date":"2023-08-22T13:01:33","date_gmt":"2023-08-22T13:01:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/a7543249-6396-47d8-a336-70e1ae5a2606"},"modified":"2023-08-24T11:30:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T11:30:00","slug":"nasa-james-webb-space-telescopes-latest-images","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/nasa-james-webb-space-telescopes-latest-images\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s latest images"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\">See the latest full colour images to be released by the JWST. <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Govert Schilling\n      <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Tuesday, 22 August 2023 at 13:01 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><h1 class=\"entry-title\">NASA James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s latest images<\/h1> <p class=\"p1\">After 25 years and over 10 billion US dollars, on Christmas Day 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was finally launched into space by a European Ariane 5 rocket.<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">With its 6.5-metre primary mirror and its tennis-court-sized sunshield, Webb had to be folded up to fit in the rocket\u2019s fairing, only to be deployed step by step in the first two weeks of its mission.<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">On 12 July 2022, months of eager anticipation paid off, as NASA released the first full colour images of the cosmos captured by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-missions\/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-observe-universe\/\">James Webb Space Telescope<\/a>.<\/p> <p><em><strong>Find out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/james-webb-space-telescope-galaxies\/\">how James Webb Space Telescope will study galaxies<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/james-webb-space-telescope-exoplanets\/\">how James Webb Space Telescope will study exoplanets<\/a>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p> <h2 id=\"h-the-ring-nebula\"><strong>The Ring Nebula<\/strong><\/h2> <p>In August 2023 the James Webb Space Telescope released this spectacular image of the Ring Nebula.<\/p> <p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/nebulae\/ring-nebula\">Ring Nebula<\/a> is a favourite target for astrophotographers and observers alike, due to its striking appearance.<\/p> <p><strong><em>Read more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/webb-telescope-ring-nebula\">Webb&#8217;s Ring Nebula image<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A split view of the Ring Nebula captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. The image on the left shows Webb\u2019s NIRCam view and the image on the right shows Webb\u2019s MIRI image. Credit: ESA\/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Barlow, N. Cox, R. Wesson<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p\/>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/08\/webb-ring-nebula-miri.jpeg?fit=800%2C646\" alt=\"A view of the Ring Nebula captured by the James Webb Space Telescope's MIRI (Mid-InfraRed Instrument). Credit: ESA\/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Barlow, N. Cox, R. Wesson\" class=\"wp-image-138910\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A view of the Ring Nebula captured by the James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s MIRI (Mid-InfraRed Instrument). Credit: ESA\/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Barlow, N. Cox, R. Wesson<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p\/> <h2 id=\"h-rho-ophiuchi-cloud-complex\"><strong><strong>Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1124\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/07\/webb-rho-ophiuchi-cloud-complex-ade78b0-e1689158296845.png\" alt=\"James Webb Space Telescope's view of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, captured to celebrate the telescope's first year of science. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Klaus Pontoppidan (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-120359\" title=\"James Webb Space Telescope's view of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, captured to celebrate the telescope's first year of science. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Klaus Pontoppidan (STScI)\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Klaus Pontoppidan (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Webb celebrated its first year of science operations with this view of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex.<\/p> <p>The Rho Ophiuchi complex is the closest star-forming region to Earth, at &#8216;just&#8217; 390 lightyears away.<\/p> <p><em><strong>Get the full story on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/webb-rho-ophiuchi-cloud-complex\/\">Webb&#8217;s Rho Ophiuchi image<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p> <h2 id=\"h-saturn\"><strong>Saturn<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/07\/Saturn-webb-labelled-7b5e107-e1688564427340.jpeg\" alt=\"An image of Saturn and some of its moons, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope\u2019s NIRCam instrument on 25 June 2023. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, M. Tiscareno (SETI Institute), M. Hedman (University of Idaho), M. El Moutamid (Cornell University), M. Showalter (SETI Institute), L. Fletcher (University of Leicester), H. Hammel (AURA); image processing by J. DePasquale (STScI).\" class=\"wp-image-120095\" title=\"An image of Saturn and some of its moons, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope\u2019s NIRCam instrument on 25 June 2023. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, M. Tiscareno (SETI Institute), M. Hedman (University of Idaho), M. El Moutamid (Cornell University), M. Showalter (SETI Institute), L. Fletcher (University of Leicester), H. Hammel (AURA); image processing by J. DePasquale (STScI).\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, M. Tiscareno (SETI Institute), M. Hedman (University of Idaho), M. El Moutamid (Cornell University), M. Showalter (SETI Institute), L. Fletcher (University of Leicester), H. Hammel (AURA); image processing by J. DePasquale (STScI).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On 25 June 2023, Webb captured this amazing image of Saturn, showing its moons Dione, Enceladus and Tethys, along with its rings.<\/p> <p>For the full story, read our guide to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/saturn-rings-moons-webb-telescope\/\">Webb image of Saturn<\/a>.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-cassiopeia-a\"><strong>Cassiopeia A<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/04\/webb-Cassiopeia-A-1eaa263.jpg\" alt=\"A view of supernova remnant Cassiopeia A captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Danny Milisavljevic (Purdue University), Tea Temim (Princeton University), Ilse De Looze (UGent). Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-117843\" title=\"webb Cassiopeia A\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Danny Milisavljevic (Purdue University), Tea Temim (Princeton University), Ilse De Looze (UGent). Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This is Cassiopeia A, a supernova remnant located 11,000 lightyears away that spans 10 lightyears across.<\/p> <p>The Webb image contains all the chaos and beauty you would expect from the remnants of an exploded star, including cosmic material glowing orange and red due to emission from warm dust.<\/p> <p>In these areas, material ejected by the exploded star has smashed into the surrounding material.<\/p> <p>The knotted filaments that appear pink in the image are material from the star itself, shining due to the presence of heavy elements and dust emission.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-uranus-2023\">Uranus (2023)<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1268\" height=\"1268\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/02\/webb-uranus-2023-a068939.jpg\" alt=\"A James Webb Space Telescope image of Uranus, captured on 6 February 2023. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI. Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-117841\" title=\"A James Webb Space Telescope image of Uranus, captured on 6 February 2023. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI. Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI. Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This image of Uranus was captured by the James Webb Space Telescope on 6 February 2023 and shows an amazing view of the planet&#8217;s ring.<\/p> <p>The bright region on the right side of the planet is Uranus&#8217;s polar cap, which is unique to Uranus because it is the only planet in the Solar System that&#8217;s tilted on its side, causing extreme seasonal changes.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-pandora-s-cluster\"><strong>Pandora&#8217;s Cluster<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1280\" height=\"974\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/02\/webb-pandora-cluster-908c9a1.jpeg\" alt=\"A James Webb Space Telescope image of Pandora's Cluster, showing gravitational lensing. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, I. Labbe (Swinburne University of Technology), R. Bezanson (University of Pittsburgh), A. Pagan (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-116166\" title=\"A James Webb Space Telescope image of Pandora's Cluster, showing gravitational lensing. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, I. Labbe (Swinburne University of Technology), R. Bezanson (University of Pittsburgh), A. Pagan (STScI)\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A James Webb Space Telescope image of Pandora&#8217;s Cluster, showing gravitational lensing. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, I. Labbe (Swinburne University of Technology), R. Bezanson (University of Pittsburgh), A. Pagan (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The latest deep-field image captured by the James Webb Space Telescope shows a region in deep space known as Pandora&#8217;s Cluster, or Abell 2744.<\/p> <p>It reveals the intricate structures of three <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/galaxies\/galaxy-clusters-groups\/\">galaxy clusters<\/a> &#8211; together forming a so-called &#8216;megacluster&#8217; &#8211; in detail never seen before by astronomers.<\/p> <p>The image of Pandora&#8217;s Cluster is a panoramic composed of four individual JWST images sewn together.<\/p> <p>One noteworthy feature of the image is that it displays <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/a-guide-to-gravitational-lensing\/\">gravitational lensing<\/a>, where the mass of the galaxy clusters is warping and distorting the light from more distant galaxies.<\/p> <p>In this way, the galaxy megacluster is acting like a cosmic magnifying glass, enabling astronomers to see the distant galaxies more clearly.<\/p> <p>Find out more in our story about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/james-webb-telescope-pandora-cluster\/\">Webb Telescope&#8217;s image of Pandora&#8217;s Cluster<\/a>.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-telescope-s-image-of-distant-galaxies\"><strong>Webb Telescope&#8217;s image of distant galaxies<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"2000\" height=\"898\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/12\/webb-telescope-pearls-galaxies-annotated-03fef32.png\" alt=\"A medium-deep wide-field image showing thousands of galaxies, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: Science: NASA, ESA, CSA, Rolf A. Jansen (ASU), Jake Summers (ASU), Rosalia O'Brien (ASU), Rogier Windhorst (ASU), Aaron Robotham (UWA), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Christopher Willmer (University of Arizona), JWST PEARLS Team Image Processing: Rolf A. Jansen (ASU), Alyssa Pagan (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-114565\" title=\"webb telescope pearls galaxies annotated\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Science: NASA, ESA, CSA, Rolf A. Jansen (ASU), Jake Summers (ASU), Rosalia O&#8217;Brien (ASU), Rogier Windhorst (ASU), Aaron Robotham (UWA), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Christopher Willmer (University of Arizona), JWST PEARLS TeamImage Processing: Rolf A. Jansen (ASU), Alyssa Pagan (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This image captured by the James Webb Space Telescope shows 1000s of distant galaxies and covers an area of the sky just 2% of the area covered by the full Moon.<\/p> <p>The faintest objects in the image are about 1 billion times fainter than what can be seen with the naked eye.<\/p> <p>This is referred to as a &#8216;medium-deep wide-field&#8217; image.<\/p> <p>Light from the most distant galaxies has traveled almost 13.5 billion years to reach us.<\/p> <p><em><strong>Read more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/webb-telescope-galaxies-pearls\/\">Webb&#8217;s PEARLS galaxies image<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"2000\" height=\"898\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/12\/webb-telescope-pearls-galaxies-annotated-03fef32.png\" alt=\"A medium-deep wide-field image showing thousands of galaxies, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: Science: NASA, ESA, CSA, Rolf A. Jansen (ASU), Jake Summers (ASU), Rosalia O'Brien (ASU), Rogier Windhorst (ASU), Aaron Robotham (UWA), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Christopher Willmer (University of Arizona), JWST PEARLS Team Image Processing: Rolf A. Jansen (ASU), Alyssa Pagan (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-114565\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A medium-deep wide-field image showing thousands of galaxies, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope.\nCredit: Science: NASA, ESA, CSA, Rolf A. Jansen (ASU), Jake Summers (ASU), Rosalia O&#8217;Brien (ASU), Rogier Windhorst (ASU), Aaron Robotham (UWA), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Christopher Willmer (University of Arizona), JWST PEARLS Team\nImage Processing: Rolf A. Jansen (ASU), Alyssa Pagan (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"h-webb-s-cosmic-hourglass-image\"><strong>Webb&#8217;s cosmic hourglass image<\/strong><\/h2> <p>JWST&#8217;s latest image is of a protostar embedded within an hourglass-shaped cosmic cloud<\/p> <p>The star is just 100,000 years old and thought to be in the earliest stages of star formation.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1020\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/11\/L1527-james-webb-telescope-6b01a04-e1678960787166.png\" alt=\"An image of protostar L1527 at the centre of billowing clouds of cosmic gas and dust, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope.\" class=\"wp-image-113769\" title=\"L1527 james webb telescope\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An image of protostar L1527 at the centre of billowing clouds of cosmic gas and dust, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI. Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Once hidden from sight within dark cloud L1527, the features of this protostar are revealed Webb\u2019s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam).<\/p> <p>The protostar is still a long way from becoming a fully-fledged star, and as a result it is not yet undergoing nuclear fusion of hydrogen.<\/p> <p>This disk seen as a grey streak at the centre of the image is about the size of our own Solar System.<\/p> <p>Perhaps Webb has offered us a glimpse of what our own Sun must have looked like in its infancy.<\/p> <p>Find out more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/webb-telescope-captures-infant-protostar-at-the-centre-of-a-cosmic-hourglass\/\">Webb&#8217;s image of L1527<\/a><\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-s-pillars-of-creation\"><strong>Webb&#8217;s Pillars of Creation<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/10\/webb-pillars-creation-crop-65e34f6-e1678960806604.jpeg\" alt=\"James Webb Space Telescope's image of the Pillars of Creation. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; J. DePasquale, A. Koekemoer, A. Pagan (STScI).\" class=\"wp-image-112953\" title=\"James Webb Space Telescope's image of the Pillars of Creation. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; J. DePasquale, A. Koekemoer, A. Pagan (STScI).\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s image of the Pillars of Creation. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; J. DePasquale, A. Koekemoer, A. Pagan (STScI).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>October 2022, NASA released this incredible JWST image of the Pillars of Creation, a star-forming region in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/nebulae\/eagle-nebula\/\">Eagle Nebula<\/a> that contains dense pillars of cosmic dust and gas.<\/p> <p>The image calls to mind the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/hubble-image-pillars-of-creation\/\">Hubble Space Telescope image of the Pillars of Creation<\/a> &#8211; perhaps Hubble&#8217;s most famous image &#8211; and is further evidence of just what the Webb Telescope can achieve.<\/p> <p>Find out more about this incredible image in our guide to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/webb-telescope-image-pillars-creation\/\">Webb Telescope&#8217;s image of the Pillars of Creation<\/a>.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-s-image-of-wolf-rayet-140\"><strong>Webb&#8217;s image of Wolf-Rayet 140<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"828\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/10\/webb-wolf-rayt-140-bd1ff25-e1665655300104.png\" alt=\"Shells of cosmic dust created by the interaction of binary stars appear like tree rings around Wolf-Rayet 140, as seen by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, NASA-JPL, Caltech\" class=\"wp-image-112725\" title=\"Shells of cosmic dust created by the interaction of binary stars appear like tree rings around Wolf-Rayet 140, as seen by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, NASA-JPL, Caltech\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Shells of cosmic dust created by the interaction of binary stars appear like tree rings around Wolf-Rayet 140, as seen by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, NASA-JPL, Caltech<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">In mid-October the James Webb team released an image captured by the telescope showing a binary star called Wolf-Rayet 140<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">Also seen in the image are shells of cosmic dust being ejected from the binary system out into space.<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">At least 17 rings can be seen in the image. These are shells of dust formed as the orbiting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/advice\/double-binary-stars-guide\/\">binary stars<\/a> pass close by one another.<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">Each close orbital pass causes their stellar winds &#8211; streams of particles emanating from the stars &#8211; to interact, ejecting the shells out into space.<\/p> <p><em><strong>Read more in our news story about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/webb-spots-shells-cosmic-dust-binary-star-wr-140\/\">Webb Telescope&#8217;s image of binary star Wolf-Rayet 140<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-s-image-of-neptune-and-its-rings\"><strong>Webb&#8217;s image of Neptune and its rings<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div aria-label=\"Carousel Gallery\" class=\"wp-block-coblocks-gallery-carousel alignwide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery-carousel-swiper-container is-cropped coblocks-gallery has-caption-style-dark has-horizontal-gutter has-lightbox has-no-thumbnails\"><div class=\"has-carousel has-carousel-xlrg swiper-container has-aligned-cells has-responsive-height\" data-swiper=\"{&quot;alignCells&quot;:true,&quot;autoPlay&quot;:false,&quot;autoPlaySpeed&quot;:3000,&quot;draggable&quot;:false,&quot;freeMode&quot;:false,&quot;loop&quot;:false,&quot;navigation&quot;:true,&quot;pageDots&quot;:false,&quot;pauseHover&quot;:true,&quot;responsiveHeight&quot;:true,&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;thumbnails&quot;:false,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;12345&quot;}\" style=\"height:400px\"><div class=\"swiper-wrapper\"><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" alt=\"A view of Neptune, its rings and moons captured by the James Webb Space Telescope, 12 July 2022. Credit: Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, processed by Joseph DePasquale (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-112183\" data-id=\"112183\" data-link=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/skyatnightmagazine\/?attachment_id=112183\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/09\/webb-telescope-neptune-eec3b66-e1683706960232.png\"\/><figcaption>A view of Neptune, its rings and moons captured by the James Webb Space Telescope, 12 July 2022. Credit: Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, processed by Joseph DePasquale (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"1\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1059\" height=\"1059\" alt=\"A view of Neptune, its rings, moons and large moon Triton captured by the James Webb Space Telescope, 12 July 2022. Credit: Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, processed by Joseph DePasquale (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-112182\" data-id=\"112182\" data-link=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/skyatnightmagazine\/?attachment_id=112182\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/09\/webb-telescope-neptune-triton-d14ab19.png\"\/><figcaption>A view of Neptune, its rings, moons and large moon Triton captured by the James Webb Space Telescope, 12 July 2022. Credit: Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, processed by Joseph DePasquale (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"coblocks-gallery--item\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"2\"><figure class=\"coblocks-gallery--figure has-margin-left-5 has-margin-left-mobile-5 has-margin-right-5 has-margin-right-mobile-5\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1059\" height=\"1059\" alt=\"An annotated view of Neptune, its rings, moons and large moon Triton captured by the James Webb Space Telescope, 12 July 2022. Credit: Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, processed by Joseph DePasquale (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-112181\" data-id=\"112181\" data-link=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/skyatnightmagazine\/?attachment_id=112181\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/09\/webb-telescope-neptune-triton-annotated-6b97fd7.png\"\/><figcaption>An annotated view of Neptune, its rings, moons and large moon Triton captured by the James Webb Space Telescope, 12 July 2022. Credit: Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, processed by Joseph DePasquale (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><button class=\"nav-button__prev\" id=\"12345-prev\"><svg class=\"icon\" style=\"transform:rotate(180deg)\"\/><\/button><button class=\"nav-button__next\" id=\"12345-next\"><svg class=\"icon\"\/><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>Planet fans have been treated to a wonderful <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/neptune-james-webb-space-telescope\/\">James Webb Space Telescope image of Neptune<\/a>, captured on 12 July 2022, showing the ice giant rings and faint dust bands in amazing detail.<\/p> <p>It calls to mind the incredible images of Neptune sent back by the Voyager 2 spacecraft when it flew by the planet in 1989.<\/p> <p>Yet where is that vibrant blue hue that we saw in the Voyager images?<\/p> <p>The answer lies in Webb\u2019s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), which photographs its targets in near-infrared.<\/p> <p>And the methane gas that makes Neptune appear blue in the Voyager 2 images actually absorbs red and infrared light, so the planet appears almost dark in the JWST images.<\/p> <p>The large, bright point of light with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/advice\/what-are-diffraction-spikes\/\">diffraction spikes<\/a> that seen in the image is Triton, Neptune&#8217;s largest moon. Also visible are 7 more of Neptune&#8217;s 14 known moons.<\/p> <p>NASA says more Webb studies of Triton and Neptune are expected in 2023.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-s-image-of-the-dart-asteroid-collision\"><strong>Webb&#8217;s image of the DART asteroid collision<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1280\" height=\"956\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/09\/nasa-dart-impact-james-webb-ec10ce0-e1664453870706.jpeg\" alt=\"A view of the effects of the DART spacecraft's impact into asteroid moonlet Dimorphus, as seen by the James Web Space Telescope's NIRCam instrument. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI\" class=\"wp-image-112353\" title=\"Webb Captures DART Impact\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A view of the effects of the DART spacecraft&#8217;s impact into asteroid moonlet Dimorphus, as seen by the James Web Space Telescope&#8217;s NIRCam instrument. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Both the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope were able to photograph the moment <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-missions\/nasa-dart-mission\/\">NASA&#8217;s DART mission<\/a> purposely impacted into its asteroid target.<\/p> <p>The images were released by NASA and ESA in the days following the successful crash, providing a fascinating perspective of the aftermath of the first successful asteroid deflection test in human history.<\/p> <p><em><strong>See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/webb-hubble-nasa-dart-images\/\">Webb and Hubble&#8217;s DART mission images<\/a>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-telescope-s-image-of-the-tarantula-nebula\"><strong>Webb Telescope&#8217;s image of the Tarantula Nebula<\/strong><\/h2> <p class=\"p1\">In September 2022 the James Webb Space Telescope team released this mesmerising view of the Tarantula Nebula.<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">The Tarantula is a star-forming region located 161,000 lightyears away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of our own <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/what-is-the-milky-way\/\">Milky Way galaxy<\/a> and part of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/local-group-guide-galaxy-neighbourhood\/\">Local Group<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"694\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/09\/webb-tarantula-nebula-nir-cam-eab74c2-e1662538377151.png\" alt=\"A James Webb Space Telescope image of the Tarantula Nebula, captured using the NIR-Cam. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team\" class=\"wp-image-111738\" title=\"A James Webb Space Telescope image of the Tarantula Nebula, captured using the NIR-Cam. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A James Webb Space Telescope image of the Tarantula Nebula, captured using the NIR-Cam. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">Webb\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/infrared-astronomy\/\">infrared<\/a> vision reveals thousands of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/beginners-guide-stars\/\">stars<\/a> in this region, which is also known as 30 Doradus, never seen before by astronomers. The image also shows distant background <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/a-guide-to-galaxies\/\">galaxies<\/a>.<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">The image of the Tarantula Nebula was captured with the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), which provides a view of the central cavity in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/beginners-guide-nebulae\/\">nebula<\/a>, hollowed out by radiation from massive young stars.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1397\" height=\"1059\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/09\/webb-tarantula-nebula-miri-5575a12.png\" alt=\"A James Webb Space Telescope image of the Tarantula Nebula, captured using the MIRI instrument. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team\" class=\"wp-image-111737\" title=\"webb tarantula nebula miri\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A James Webb Space Telescope image of the Tarantula Nebula, captured using the MIRI instrument. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">The Tarantula Nebula appears completely different in the second image, above, captured by the Mid-infrared Instrument (MIRI).<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">In the longer infrared wavelengths, stars no longer appear so bright, and the cooler surrounding cosmic dust and gas glows.<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">Points of light seen within the clouds are protostars embedded in the nebula.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-s-view-of-the-phantom-galaxy-m74\"><strong>Webb&#8217;s view of the Phantom Galaxy, M74<\/strong><\/h2> <p>In August 2022, the James Webb Space Telescope team released this view of the Phantom Galaxy, also known as M74,<\/p> <p>This face-on spiral <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/a-guide-to-galaxies\/\">galaxy<\/a> is 32 million lightyears away, and the Webb Telescope captured a view of its spiral arms and filaments of cosmic gas and dust<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1280\" height=\"732\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/09\/webb-phantom-galaxy-39945e2.jpeg\" alt=\"A James Webb Space Telescope view of the Phantom Galaxy, M74. Credit: ESA\/Webb, NASA &amp; CSA, J. Lee and the PHANGS-JWST Team. Acknowledgement: J. Schmidt\" class=\"wp-image-111639\" title=\"Webb Inspects the Heart of the Phantom Galaxy\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A James Webb Space Telescope view of the Phantom Galaxy, M74. Credit: ESA\/Webb, NASA &amp; CSA, J. Lee and the PHANGS-JWST Team. Acknowledgement: J. Schmidt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Webb captured this image of the Phantom Galaxy with its Mid-InraRed Instrument (MIRI), which views in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/infrared-astronomy\/\">infrared<\/a> and enables astronomers to observe deeper than before, studying features that would be obscured when observing in optical light.<\/p> <p>The data was processed by citizen scientist Judy Schmidt.<\/p> <p>Views like this help astrophysicists learn more about the structure and evolution of galaxies and reveal the processes behind<a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/how-do-stars-form\/\">star formation<\/a>.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-s-view-of-the-cartwheel-galaxy\"><strong>Webb&#8217;s view of the Cartwheel Galaxy<\/strong><\/h2> <p>This JWST image is a view of the Cartwheel Galaxy, a composite produced by the telescope\u2019s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI).<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"920\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/07\/webb-telescope-cartwheel-galaxy-6204435.jpg\" alt=\"James Webb Space Telescope image of the Cartwheel Galaxy\" class=\"wp-image-110769\" title=\"James Webb Space Telescope image of the Cartwheel Galaxy\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Cartwheel Galaxy is the result of a collision between two different galaxies that took place about 400 million years ago.<\/p> <p>What remains is an inner ring and an outer ring, giving the galaxy merger the appearance of a spoked wheel.<\/p> <p>These &#8216;spokes&#8217; are actually the remnants of the arms of the larger galaxy, which have been distorted as a result of a collision with a smaller galaxy.<\/p> <p>The scene appears red through Webb&#8217;s infrared view as a result of the glow from hydrocarbon-rich cosmic dust.<\/p> <p>Galaxy mergers are some of the most spectacular events in the cosmos and make for incredible images, as this JWST image shows.<\/p> <p>One day our own Milky Way galaxy will collide with the neighbouring Andromeda Galaxy, resulting in an event referred to as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/andromeda-milky-way-galaxy-collision\/\">Andromeda-Milky Way collision<\/a>.<\/p> <p>Images like this one captured by the Webb Telescope perhaps give us an insight into the fate of our own galaxy&#8217;s future.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-telescope-s-jupiter-images\"><strong>Webb Telescope&#8217;s Jupiter images<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1034\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/08\/52303684090572ce5a447k-c02c29a-e1661239529229.jpg\" alt=\"Jupiter, rings, aurora and moons, by JWST\" class=\"wp-image-111247\" title=\"Jupiter, rings, aurora and moons, by JWST\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Webb NIRCam composite image (two filters) of Jupiter system, unlabeled (top) and labeled (bottom). Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Jupiter ERS Team; image processing by Ricardo Hueso (UPV\/EHU) and Judy Schmidt.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>An image captured by the James Webb Space Telescope shows Jupiter and two of its tiny moons, Amalthea and Adrastea.<\/p> <p>The data was captured using the Webb Telescope&#8217;s NIRCam instrument, which observes in infrared, and the image was processed in collaboration with citizen scientist Judy Schmidt.<\/p> <p>Visible in the image are Jupiter&#8217;s aurora above its north and south poles, its faint rings and the huge storm known as the Great Red Spot.<\/p> <p>JWST has given planetary scientists a new view of the tempestuous gas giant.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1034\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/08\/5230220795245be4288cdk-6bcae89-e1661239550821.jpg\" alt=\"Jupiter, rings, aurora and moons, by JWST (annotated)\" class=\"wp-image-111248\" title=\"Jupiter, rings, aurora and moons, by JWST (annotated)\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: Webb NIRCam composite image (two filters) of Jupiter system, unlabeled (top) and labeled (bottom). Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Jupiter ERS Team; image processing by Ricardo Hueso (UPV\/EHU) and Judy Schmidt.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cWe hadn\u2019t really expected it to be this good, to be honest,\u201d says planetary astronomer Imke de Pater of the University of California, Berkeley, who led this study of Jupiter with Thierry Fouchet, a professor at the Paris Observatory.<\/p> <p>\u201cIt\u2019s really remarkable that we can see details on Jupiter together with its rings, tiny satellites, and even galaxies in one image.&#8221;<\/p> <h3 id=\"h-jupiter-and-moon-europa\"><strong>Jupiter and moon Europa<\/strong><\/h3> <p>These images from JWST show <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/planets\/jupiter\/\">Jupiter<\/a> and its moon Europa, captured by the telescope\u2019s NIRCam instrument.<\/p> <p>Not long after the first JWST images were released on 12 July came these incredible images of the tempestuous gas giant planet and its intriguing moon.<\/p> <p>NIRCam\u2019s short-wavelength filter reveals Jupiter\u2019s distinctive bands and famous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/planets\/jupiter-great-red-spot\/\">Great Red Spot<\/a>; a gigantic storm that\u2019s wider than planet Earth.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"766\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/07\/james-webb-jupiter-europa-shadow-7a91cdd-e1658148988960.png\" alt=\"A view of Jupiter, its moon Europa and the Great Red Spot. To the left of the Great Red Spot is Europa's shadow. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-110388\" title=\"james webb jupiter europa shadow\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A view of Jupiter, its moon Europa and the Great Red Spot. To the left of the Great Red Spot is Europa&#8217;s shadow. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&#8220;Combined with the deep field images released the other day, these images of Jupiter demonstrate the full grasp of what Webb can observe, from the faintest, most distant observable galaxies to planets in our own cosmic backyard that you can see with the naked eye from your actual backyard,&#8221; says Bryan Holler, a scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, who helped plan these observations.<\/p> <p>To the left of the planet we can clearly see a black spot. This is Europa, one of Jupiter\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/planets\/jupiter-galilean-moons\/\">Galilean Moons<\/a> and a key target in the search for habitable conditions in our Solar System.<\/p> <p>See that black spot just to the left of the Great Red Spot (the white blob on Jupiter)? That\u2019s Europa\u2019s shadow, cast onto Jupiter\u2019s cloud tops.<\/p> <p>Europa has a subsurface ocean beneath its icy crust, meaning it has the potential to support life, and is due to be studied in-depth by the upcoming <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/nasa-europa-clipper-search-life-at-jupiter-icy-moon\/\">Europa Clipper<\/a> mission.<\/p> <p>The Cassini mission at Saturn, for example, was able to see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/news\/organic-compounds-plumes-saturn-moon-enceladus\/\">plumes of material erupting from the subsurface ocean of moon Enceladus<\/a>, and JWST scientists are hoping that the space telescope may be able to spot similar phenomena on Europa in future observations.<\/p> <p>Perhaps even more fascinating is a clear capture of Jupiter\u2019s rings, which can be seen in another of the NIRCam images.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"857\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/07\/james-webb-jupiter-rings-b33c1eb-e1658148908895.png\" alt=\"An image of Jupiter, its rings and moon Europa, captured by James Webb Space Telescope. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-110389\" title=\"james webb jupiter rings\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An image of Jupiter, its rings and moon Europa, captured by James Webb Space Telescope. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Yes, Jupiter has rings, and the Webb Telescope has managed to show these distinct features with remarkable clarity.<\/p> <p>We can also see moons Thebe and Metis in the new Jupiter images.<\/p> <p>&#8220;The Jupiter images in the narrow-band filters were designed to provide nice images of the entire disk of the planet,&#8221; says John Stansberry, NIRCam commissioning lead at the Space Telescope Science Institute.<\/p> <p>&#8220;But the wealth of additional information about very faint objects (Metis, Thebe, the main ring, hazes) in those images with approximately one-minute exposures was absolutely a very pleasant surprise.&#8221;<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-james-webb-space-telescope-s-first-images\"><strong>James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s first images<\/strong><\/h2> <p>These were the first images from the Webb Telescope ever to be released to the public.<\/p> <h3 id=\"h-smacs-0723\"><strong>SMACS 0723<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1224\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/07\/james-webb-first-image-SMACS-0723-fb416af-e1657608530907.jpeg\" alt=\"James Webb Space Telescope's first full colour image: a deep view of space centred around galaxy cluster SMACS 0723. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI\" class=\"wp-image-110286\" title=\"james webb first image SMACS 0723\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s first full colour image: a deep view of space centred around galaxy cluster SMACS 0723. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The first image to be released by the James Webb Space Telescope is the deepest infrared image of the distant Universe ever produced.<\/p> <p>Following in the footsteps of the Hubble Deep Field, the image has become known as Webb&#8217;s First Deep Field.<\/p> <p>It shows galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, and in the background, thousands of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/a-guide-to-galaxies\/\">galaxies<\/a>, including some of the faintest objects ever observed in the Universe.<\/p> <p>The deep field was captured by one of the Webb Telescope&#8217;s instruments known as the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), and was produced using 12.5 hours&#8217; worth of images captured at different wavelengths.<\/p> <p>Because Webb peered so far into space to capture the image, it was able to observe distant light that&#8217;s been travelling across the cosmos. for billions of years.<\/p> <p>As a result, galaxy cluster SMACS 0723 appears here as it would have existed 4.6 billion years ago.<\/p> <p>This is one of the key aspects of Webb&#8217;s science goals over the coming years: astronomers are keen to observe further into deep space, and in doing so learn more about the early Universe.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1169\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2019\/12\/12-Ultraviolet-Coverage-Hubble-Ultra-Deep-Field-8637904-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hubble Ultra-Deep Field 3, June 2014. Virtually every point of light in this image is a galaxy, each composed of billions of stars. Credit: NASA, ESA, H. Teplitz and M. Rafelski (IPAC\/Caltech), A. Koekemoer (STScI), R. Windhorst (Arizona State University), Z. Levay (STScI)\" class=\"wp-image-43473\" title=\"Hubble Ultra-Deep Field 3, June 2014. Virtually every point of light in this image is a galaxy, each composed of billions of stars. Credit: NASA, ESA, H. Teplitz and M. Rafelski (IPAC\/Caltech), A. Koekemoer (STScI), R. Windhorst (Arizona State University), Z. Levay (STScI)\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hubble Ultra-Deep Field 3, June 2014. Credit: NASA, ESA, H. Teplitz and M. Rafelski (IPAC\/Caltech), A. Koekemoer (STScI), R. Windhorst (Arizona State University), Z. Levay (STScI)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Another interesting aspect of the image is that it shows a phenomenon known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/a-guide-to-gravitational-lensing\/\">gravitational lensing<\/a> in action.<\/p> <p>The combined mass of galaxy cluster SMAGS 0723 is warping and magnifying the light from more distant galaxies behind it.<\/p> <p>This presents astronomers with a sort of cosmic magnifying glass, enabling them to observe distant objects in greater detail.<\/p> <p>It&#8217;s also why some of the light from those distant galaxies seems curved and warped.<\/p> <p>Now astronomers will begin to analyse and learn more about these distant galaxies and the tiny structures seen within.<\/p> <h3 id=\"h-exoplanet-wasp-96-b-spectrum\"><strong>Exoplanet WASP-96 b (spectrum)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"808\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/07\/jwst-wasp-96-b-exoplanet-4bc743a-e1657637441506.png\" alt=\"Transmission spectrum of exoplanet WASP-96 b, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI\" class=\"wp-image-110303\" title=\"jwst wasp 96 b exoplanet\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Transmission spectrum of exoplanet WASP-96 b, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>WASP-96 b is a giant planet outside our Solar System, known as an exoplanet. The planet is composed mainly of gas and is located just 1,150 lightyears away. It&#8217;s about half the mass of Jupiter and it orbits its star every 3.4 Earth days.<\/p> <p>This is a transmission spectrum made by observing exoplanet WASP-96b.<\/p> <p>The spectrum was created by analysing light that passed through the exoplanet&#8217;s atmosphere as it orbited in front of its host star.<\/p> <p>Each of the 141 points on the graph shows the amount of a specific wavelength of light that&#8217;s blocked by the exoplanet and absorbed by its atmosphere.<\/p> <p>Note the labelled peaks in the graph, indicating the presence of water vapour in WASP-96b&#8217;s atmosphere.<\/p> <p>The heights of the peaks &#8211; along with other aspects of the spectrum &#8211; enabled astronomers to infer the temperature of the exoplanet to be about 1350\u00b0C.<\/p> <p>This is the most detailed infrared exoplanet transmission spectrum ever produced, and an indication of just how much the Webb Telescope could revolutionise the field of exoplanet study.<\/p> <h3 id=\"h-southern-ring-nebula\"><strong>Southern Ring Nebula<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"985\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/07\/mainimagestellardeathsringmirinircamsidebyside-1280-628c5f0.jpeg\" alt=\"The Southern Ring Nebula, NGC 3132, one of the first images released by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI\" class=\"wp-image-110306\" title=\"The Southern Ring Nebula, NGC 3132, one of the first images released by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Southern Ring Nebula, NGC 3132, one of the first images released by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Southern Ring Nebula is an object known as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/planetary-nebula\/\">planetary nebula<\/a>, which is an expanding cloud of gas around a dying star. Their puffed-out, spherical appearance is what has given them the name &#8216;planetary nebulae&#8217;.<\/p> <p>Astronomers say that the dimmer star at the centre of the image has been emitting loops of cosmic gas and dust into space in all directions.<\/p> <p>Two JWST cameras were used to capture this image of the planetary nebula, which is located about 2,500 lightyears away.<\/p> <p>The Southern Ring Nebula is visible to observers living in the southern hemisphere, as it can be found within the southern <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/advice\/constellations\/\">constellation<\/a> of Vela.<\/p> <h3 id=\"h-stephan-s-quintet\"><strong>Stephan\u2019s Quintet<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1041\" height=\"998\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/07\/stephans-quintet-james-webb-telescope-92a9f43.jpeg\" alt=\"This is a group of galaxies known as Stephan's Quintet, one of the first images to be released by the James Webb Space Telescope.\" class=\"wp-image-110308\" title=\"stephans quintet james webb telescope\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This is a group of galaxies known as Stephan&#8217;s Quintet, a compact galaxy group located 290 million lightyears away in the constellation Pegasus, in the same patch of sky as the famous asterism known as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/advice\/skills\/great-square-pegasus\/\">Great Square of Pegasus<\/a>.<\/p> <p>This brand new image of Stephan&#8217;s Quintet contains over 150 million pixels and was produced using nearly 1,000 separate image files captured by the James Webb Space Telescope.<\/p> <p>It was captured using the telescope&#8217;s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI)<\/p> <p>Webb&#8217;s incredible image shows clusters of young stars and bursts of star birth across the galaxy group.<\/p> <p>While it may seem like the 5 separate galaxies in the group are gravitationally bound, actually only 4 of them are. The 5th and leftmost galaxy is NGC 7320, and it&#8217;s actually much closer to Earth than the other 4 galaxies.<\/p> <p>NGC 7320 is 40 million lightyears from Earth while the others are about 290 million lightyears away.<\/p> <p>One of the major takeaways from this image is that Webb can provide an incredible view of galaxies gravitationally interacting and merging: a key aspect of understanding how galaxies evolve and change over time.<\/p> <h3 id=\"h-stephan-s-quintet-in-a-different-light\"><strong>Stephan&#8217;s Quintet in a different light<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"838\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/07\/JWST-stephans-quintet-miri-image-4605f0e.jpg\" alt=\"A MIRI version of Stephan's Quintet, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI\" class=\"wp-image-110515\" title=\"JWST stephans quintet miri image\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A MIRI version of Stephan&#8217;s Quintet, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Here&#8217;s another Webb image of Stephan&#8217;s Quintet captured using just the MIRI instrument.<\/p> <p>The image was produced using one more MIRI filter than the NIRCam\/MIRI composite image, enabling JWST to observe through more cosmic dust to reveal the secrets of galaxy mergers and galactic evolution.<\/p> <p>Image processing scientists working on the data at the Space Telescope Science Institute used all three MIRI filters and colours red, green and blue to more clearly see distinct features of each galaxy and the shockwaves generated between the galaxies as they merge.<\/p> <p>Red indicates star-forming regions, distant early galaxies and galaxies covered in dense cosmic dust.<\/p> <p>Blue shows stars or star clusters without dust, while more diffuse areas of blue reveal dust containing large amount of hydrocarbon molecules.<\/p> <p>Green and yellow represent more distant, earlier galaxies that are also rich in hydro carbons.<\/p> <h3 id=\"h-the-carina-nebula\"><strong>The Carina Nebula<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"695\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/07\/carina-nebula-james-webb-telescope-0e6f4b6-e1657640050807.jpeg\" alt=\"The Carina Nebula, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope\" class=\"wp-image-110311\" title=\"carina nebula james webb telescope\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/nebulae\/the-eta-carinae-nebula\/\">Carina Nebula<\/a> is a glowing cosmic cloud found about 7,600 lightyears away in the southern hemisphere constellation Carina.<\/p> <p>It&#8217;s a common and well-known target for astronomers and astrophotographers, but none of them will ever have seen it like this!<\/p> <p>This image of the Carina Nebula, NGC 3324, was captured in infrared light by the JWST and shows &#8216;peaks&#8217; of glowing cosmic gas and dust about 7 lightyears high.<\/p> <p>Ultraviolet radiation and streams of charged particles known as stellar winds are emanating from hot young stars within the nebula, sculpting and shaping the cavernous formations seen in this image.<\/p> <p>JWST&#8217;s infrared vision is able to peer through the cosmic dust to see stellar nurseries and individual newborn stars that would normally be obscured in optical light.<\/p> <p>Images like these show just how much astronomers can learn from the Webb Telescope about how stars are born, how they affect and influence their own cosmic neighbourhood.<\/p> <p>This image was captured by Webb\u2019s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI).<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1087\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2020\/04\/James-Webb-Space-Telescope-ca106f1.jpg\" alt=\"An artist's impression of the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA\" class=\"wp-image-47571\" title=\"An artist's impression of the James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">It&#8217;s mirrors aligned, we can expect the first full-colour images from the James Webb Space Telescope to be released on 12 July 2022. Credit: NASA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&#8220;What I have seen moved me, as a scientist, as an engineer, and as a human being,&#8221; says NASA deputy administrator Pam Melroy<\/p> <p>NASA says it took 5 years to decide which targets the James Webb Space Telescope should observe and image first, and that the decision was a collaboration between NASA, ESA, CSA and the Space Telescope Science Institute.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-seeing-jwst-s-first-images\"><strong>Seeing JWST&#8217;s first images<\/strong><\/h2> <p>These first images released by the James Webb Space Telescope are full-colour images to showcase what the telescope can do, but JWST is also capturing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/splitting-starlight-science-spectroscopy\/\">spectroscopic<\/a> data, which enables astronomers to gather information about their chosen target by analysing light.<\/p> <p>And, now that these first images have been captured and released to the public, the key scientific observations will begin.<\/p> <p>It&#8217;s been a long journey for the James Webb Space Telescope and its scientific personnel, but we&#8217;ve finally caught a tantalising glimpse of just what it can do.<\/p> <p>We are about to enter a new era in observing and locking some of the biggest mysteries of the Universe.<\/p> <p>Find out more about James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s initial alignment images below.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-james-webb-s-thermal-stability-test-image\"><strong>James Webb&#8217;s thermal stability test image<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1145\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/06\/james-webb-thermal-stability-test-a987876-e1657269399697.jpeg\" alt=\"A view of stars and galaxies captured by James Webb Space Telescope's Fine Guidance Sensor as part of a thermal stability test in mid-May 2022. Credit: NASA, CSA, and FGS team\" class=\"wp-image-110242\" title=\"james webb thermal stability test\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A view of stars and galaxies captured by James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s Fine Guidance Sensor as part of a thermal stability test in mid-May 2022. Credit: NASA, CSA, and FGS team<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>One of the most recent James Webb Space Telescope test images released by NASA shows a view of stars and galaxies captured by JWST&#8217;s Fine Guidance Sensor in mid-May 2022.<\/p> <p>The image was captured as part of a thermal stability test to see how well the Webb telescope can stay locked onto a target.<\/p> <p>While this is not a full colour image like those currently being released by the JWST team, it does reveal a few interesting elements, such as sharply defined <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/advice\/what-are-diffraction-spikes\/\">diffraction spikes<\/a> on the stars, which are a result of the telescope&#8217;s 6-sided mirror segments.<\/p> <p>Looking beyond the stars, the bright blobs visible across the image are galaxies stretching far into deep-space.<\/p> <p>This image was captured using 72 exposures over 32 hours and, say NASA scientists, is one of the deepest images of the Universe ever taken.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-jwst-s-image-of-the-large-magellanic-cloud\"><strong>JWST&#8217;s image of the Large Magellanic Cloud<\/strong><\/h2> <p>In May 2022, NASA released an image by the James Webb Space Telescope that shows an amazing view of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.<\/p> <p>The image was captured with JWST&#8217;s coldest instrument: the Mid-Infrared Instrument, or MIRI.<\/p> <p>Focussing on the star field of the Large Magellanic Cloud provided an opportunity for Webb scientists to test the telescope&#8217;s imaging performance.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1658\" height=\"1265\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/04\/spitzer-v-webb-LMC-d110639.png\" alt=\"A view of the Large Magellanic Cloud captured (left) by Spitzer and (right) by James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech (left), NASA\/ESA\/CSA\/STScI (right)\" class=\"wp-image-108279\" title=\"spitzer v webb LMC\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A view of the Large Magellanic Cloud captured (left) by Spitzer and (right) by James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech (left), NASA\/ESA\/CSA\/STScI (right)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>NASA released a side-by-side pair of images (above) showing how James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s capabilities compare to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-missions\/nasa-spitzer-space-telescope-universe-infrared\/\">Spitzer Space Telescope<\/a>.<\/p> <p>The now-retired Spitzer observatory captured hi-res images of the Universe in near- and mid-infrared.<\/p> <p>&#8220;Webb, with its significantly larger primary mirror and improved detectors, will allow us to see the infrared sky with improved clarity, enabling even more discoveries,&#8221; a NASA statement said.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-webb-s-image-of-2mass-j17554042-6551277\"><strong>Webb&#8217;s image of 2MASS J17554042+6551277<\/strong><\/h2> <p>After weeks of alignment, NASA finished focusing the James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s primary mirror on 11 March 2022, achieving a precision that exceeded the original goal and resulted in the image below: an image of star 2MASS J17554042+6551277, released on 16 March 2022.<\/p> <p>The image was significant because it showed that each of JWST&#8217;s 18 primary mirror segments &#8211; which produce the space telescope&#8217;s iconic &#8216;honeycomb&#8217; mirror design &#8211; had been aligned correctly.<\/p> <p>JWST had taken one more step towards beginning its exploration of the cosmos.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"759\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/02\/JWST-alignment-image-b9b7450.jpg\" alt=\"An image of 2MASS J17554042+6551277 captured by the James Webb Space Telescope as part of JWST\u2019s mirror alignment process. Credit: NASA\/STScl\" class=\"wp-image-106186\" title=\"JWST alignment image\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An image of 2MASS J17554042+6551277 captured by the James Webb Space Telescope as part of JWST\u2019s mirror alignment process. Credit: NASA\/STScl<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p2\">The milestone marked the end of a procedure known as \u2018fine phasing\u2019. JWST\u2019s main mirror is made up of 18 hexagonal segments; to focus these the team pointed the telescope at a lonely star chosen to be easily identified, with few nearby companions.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">They then adjusted each panel so that when combined, the 18 separate images were aligned into a single point of light, focused to within an accuracy of 50 nanometres \u2013 a fraction of the wavelengths of infrared light it will observe in.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">Next, the team imaged the star with the Near Infrared Camera. Even though this was only meant to pick up the focused star, the telescope captured a scattering of background galaxies as well.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-jwst-s-18-star-mosaic\"><strong>JWST&#8217;s 18-star mosaic<\/strong><\/h2> <p class=\"p1\">The JWST team released an image in February 2022 showing 18 \u2018different\u2019 stars scattered across a black background.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">In fact, the image &#8211; seen below &#8211; showed a single bright star in the constellation Ursa Major known as HD 84406.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"813\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/02\/james-webb-space-telescope-first-star-image-09b8dde.jpg\" alt=\"A mosaic of the same star captured 18 times captured by James Webb Space Telescope. This image was used by NASA scientists to align JWST's primary mirror. Credit: NASA\" class=\"wp-image-105182\" title=\"james webb space telescope first star image\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A mosaic of the same star captured 18 times captured by James Webb Space Telescope. This image was used by NASA scientists to align JWST&#8217;s primary mirror. Credit: NASA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p2\">The star was seen in 18 different positions because JWST\u2019s mirror segments were still in the process of being aligned.<\/p> <p>This seemingly chaotic capture was a result of JWST&#8217;s unaligned mirror segments reflecting light back into the telescope&#8217;s instruments, and was a vital part of preparing Webb for producing beautiful images of the Universe.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">&#8220;We have aligned and focused the telescope on a star, and the performance is beating specifications,&#8221; said Ritva Keski-Kuha, Deputy Optical Telescope Element Manager for JWST.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">&#8220;More than 20 years ago, the JWST team set out to build the most powerful telescope that anyone has ever put in space and they came up with an optical design to meet the science goals,&#8221; says Thomas Zurbuchen, Associate Administrator for NASA\u2019s Science Mission Directorate<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-what-next-for-james-webb-space-telescope\"><strong>What next for James Webb Space Telescope?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1499\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2020\/03\/JWST-091548b-scaled-e1584371424542.jpg\" alt=\"The primary mirror of NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope pictured in a cleanroom at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston, US. Credit: NASA\/Chris Gunn\" class=\"wp-image-45958\" title=\"The primary mirror of NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope pictured in a cleanroom at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston, US. Credit: NASA\/Chris Gunn\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The primary mirror of NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope pictured in a cleanroom at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston, US. Credit: NASA\/Chris Gunn<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">Compared to the previous infrared image of the region, from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-missions\/nasa-spitzer-space-telescope-universe-infrared\/\">Spitzer space telescope<\/a> and WISE telescope, which showed an array of blobs, Webb\u2019s image shows sharply focused galaxies that reveal structure in even these distant background sources.<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">With the exceptional resolution of JWST, we can piece together the life stories of these obscure galaxies.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">Although we only have access to this single image, we know the camera will have imaged the field through many filters.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">Looking at a galaxy\u2019s brightness in each of these would allow us to make a good guess at its distance, and hence how far back in the Universe\u2019s history we are seeing.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">That\u2019s not the point of these images, as more will be coming soon, but it\u2019s a tempting idea!<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"997\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/04\/10b.WebbReachesAlignmentMilestone_ImageOfFocusedStar-d4ea268.jpg\" alt=\"JWST successfully align its mirrors and takes a selfie of its 18 primary mirror segments JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE, 11 MARCH 2022 IMAGE CREDIT: NASA\/STScI\" class=\"wp-image-107545\" title=\"JWST successfully align its mirrors and takes a selfie of its 18 primary mirror segments JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE, 11 MARCH 2022 IMAGE CREDIT: NASA\/STScI\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A selfie of the 18 primary mirror segments, captured by the James Webb Space Telescope on 11 March 2022. Credit: NASA\/STScI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>So where is James Webb Space Telescope now, and when will science operations begin?<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">A total of three mid-course correction manoeuvres successfully placed the huge space telescope in a slow looping orbit around the second Lagrange point (L2), a stable gravitational point some 1.5 million kilometres behind Earth as seen from the Sun.<\/p> <p class=\"p1\">\u201cBut a lot more needs to be done before we can start science operations,\u201d says Mark McCaughrean, the Senior Advisor for Science and Exploration at ESA (the European Space Agency), NASA\u2019s main partner in the programme.<\/p> <p class=\"p3\">For one, the telescope and its sensitive instruments, which left the French Guiana launch platform at tropical temperatures, have to cool down to 230\u02daC below zero.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/02\/james-webb-space-telescope-separation-628c494.jpg\" alt=\"In this image captured by cameras on the upper stage of its Ariane 5 rocket, JWST sets off on its 1.5 million km voyage to L2 after separating on 25 December 2021. Credit: Arianespace\/ESA\/NASA\/CSA\/CNES\" class=\"wp-image-105190\" title=\"james webb space telescope separation\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In this image captured by cameras on the upper stage of its Ariane 5 rocket, JWST sets off on its 1.5 million km voyage to L2 after separating on 25 December 2021. Credit: Arianespace\/ESA\/NASA\/CSA\/CNES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p3\">Thanks to its giant multi-layer sunshield, JWST had already reached \u2013200 \u00b0C by early January 2022, but the passive cooling slows down over time.<\/p> <p class=\"p3\">It\u2019s a delicate process, says McCaughrean. The optics can never be the coldest parts of the telescope, lest molecules released as gases from the graphite-composite support structure freeze down on the mirrors, degrading its performance.<\/p> <p class=\"p3\">When the NIRCam instrument (Near Infrared Camera) got cold enough for its sensitive mercury-cadmium-telluride detectors to pick up infrared light, the process of aligning the telescope\u2019s 18 mirror segments could finally commence.<\/p> <p class=\"p3\">Each hexagonal segment is fitted with seven actuators and can be slightly tilted, shifted, rotated and deformed to ensure that they operate together as one perfect parabolic surface.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"807\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/02\/James-webb-space-telescope-lagrange-point-9acb697.jpg\" alt=\"Webb will orbit the L2 point, keeping the Sun, Earth and Moon behind it for a clear view of deep space.\" class=\"wp-image-105191\" title=\"James webb space telescope lagrange point\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Webb will orbit the L2 point, keeping the Sun, Earth and Moon behind it for a clear view of deep space.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id=\"h-testing-jwst-s-instruments\"><strong>Testing JWST&#8217;s instruments<\/strong><\/h2> <p class=\"p3\">Around late April 2022, engineers started commissioning JWST\u2019s four large science instruments:<\/p> <ul>\n<li class=\"p3\">NIRCam (Near InfraRed Camera)<\/li> <li class=\"p3\">NIRSpec (Near InfraRed Spectrometer)<\/li> <li class=\"p3\">MIRI (Mid InfraRed Instrument<\/li> <li class=\"p3\">FGS\/NIRISS (Fine Guidance Sensor\/Near InfraRed Imager and Slitless Spectrograph).<\/li>\n<\/ul> <p class=\"p3\">Equipped with beam splitters, filters and micro-shutters, all have different observing modes, and these have to be fully tested and calibrated before they are handed over to the astronomy community.<\/p> <p>&#8220;Of course, every instrument has been tested and checked on Earth,&#8221; says McCaughrean, &#8220;But we need to prove that they also perform flawlessly in space.&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"757\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/02\/MIRI_integration_into_JWST_payload_module-d6f3ac0-e1646055806717.jpg\" alt=\"MIRI (left) being integrated into JWST\u2019s science payload module at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in 2013. Credit: NASA\/C. Gunn\" class=\"wp-image-105192\" title=\"MIRI integration into JWST payload module\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">MIRI (left) being integrated into JWST\u2019s science payload module at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in 2013. Credit: NASA\/C. Gunn<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p3\">Astronomers can\u2019t wait to train their new, expensive toy on their favourite objects, be that a remote galaxy at the dawn of time, a planet-spawning <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/accretion-disk\/\">accretion disk<\/a>, an exoplanet\u2019s atmosphere or a denizen of our own outer Solar System.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">James Webb Space Telescope has less pointing flexibility than the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/hubble-space-telescope-facts-history\/\">Hubble Space Telescope<\/a>.<\/p> <p class=\"p2\">Since the telescope must face away from the Sun to keep its instruments consistently cool, its \u2018field of regard\u2019 will cover 40% of the sky on any given day, and it will take around 6 months to access the whole of the sky.<\/p> <p class=\"p3\">JWST\u2019s mid-course corrections used up less fuel than expected, which means there\u2019s more left to keep the space telescope in its L2 orbit.<\/p> <p class=\"p3\">As a result, its operational lifetime may be extended beyond the projected operational period of 10 years.<\/p> <h2 id=\"h-how-the-james-webb-space-telescope-unfolded-in-space\"><strong>How the James Webb Space Telescope unfolded in space<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1500\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2022\/02\/james-webb-telescope-deployment-stages-4c89f62.jpg\" alt=\"The James Webb Space Telescope's 10 stages of deployment. Credit: NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center.\" class=\"wp-image-105187\" title=\"james webb telescope deployment stages\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The James Webb Space Telescope&#8217;s 10 stages of deployment. Credit: NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">It took more than 50 individual steps and two weeks to for JWST to reach its orbital point and become fully deployed.<\/p> <p>Here&#8217;s a timeline of how it all took place.<\/p> <ol>\n<li class=\"p1\"><strong>25 December 2021, 12:20 UT:<\/strong>JWST launches from the Guiana Space Centre on an Ariane 5 rocket; after 27 minutes, it separates from the launcher\u2019s upper stage to travel to L2 alone.<\/li> <li class=\"p1\"><strong>25 December 2021, 12:48 UT<\/strong><b> <\/b>Deployment of JWST\u2019s 6m, five-panel solar array, which delivers about 1Kw of power. The telescope can now switch from battery power to its own power.<\/li> <li class=\"p1\"><strong>26 December 2021:<\/strong> Deployment of the high-gain communications antenna, which allows communication with Earth through NASA\u2019s Deep Space Network.<\/li> <li class=\"p1\"><strong>28 December 2021:<\/strong> The Forward Unitized Pallet Structure (UPS), which supports and contains the five folded layers forming the front half of the sunshield, is lowered into place.<\/li> <li class=\"p1\"><strong>29 December 2021:<\/strong> The Deployable Tower Assembly (DTA) is raised by 1.2m for better thermal isolation and to give room for the sunshield to unfold in front and behind.<\/li> <li class=\"p1\"><strong>30\u201331 December 2021:<\/strong> Sunshield mid-booms are extended on either side, pulling the folded sunshield layers with them, to form the first part of its distinctive 21m x 14m kite shape.<\/li> <li class=\"p1\"><strong>3\u20134 January 2022:<\/strong> The five Kapton layers of Webb\u2019s sunshield are tensioned. While the Sun-facing side endures temperatures up to 90\u00b0C, the shielded side will be as cold as \u2013230\u00b0C.<\/li> <li class=\"p1\"><strong>5 January 2022:<\/strong>JWST\u2019s 74cm convex secondary mirror is deployed. The foldable structure supporting it has been dubbed \u201cthe world\u2019s most sophisticated tripod\u201d.<\/li> <li class=\"p1\"><strong>6 January 2022:<\/strong> Deployment of the 1.2m x 2.4m Aft Deployable Instrument Radiator (ADIR), which radiates heat from the space telescope\u2019s science instruments into space.<\/li> <li class=\"p1\"><strong>7\u20138 January 2022:<\/strong> Deployment of the two side panels forming JWST\u2019s 6.5m primary mirror. Its 18 hexagonal segments are made of lightweight beryllium coated with pure gold.<\/li>\n<\/ol> <p><em><strong>This article originally appeared in the March 2022 issue of <\/strong><\/em><strong>BBC Sky at Night Magazine<\/strong><em><strong>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>See the latest full colour images to be released by the JWST. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":48716,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"32"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/nasa-james-webb-space-telescopes-latest-images.jpg",1280,1299,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/nasa-james-webb-space-telescopes-latest-images-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/nasa-james-webb-space-telescopes-latest-images-296x300.jpg",296,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/nasa-james-webb-space-telescopes-latest-images-768x779.jpg",768,779,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/nasa-james-webb-space-telescopes-latest-images-1009x1024.jpg",800,812,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/nasa-james-webb-space-telescopes-latest-images.jpg",1280,1299,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2023\/08\/nasa-james-webb-space-telescopes-latest-images.jpg",1280,1299,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"See the latest full colour images to be released by the JWST.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/48715"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48716"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48715"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}