{"id":57914,"date":"2024-05-02T09:54:34","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T09:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/371c40cd-5cc2-4993-aa2a-c90d8a3dce89"},"modified":"2024-05-02T10:08:22","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T10:08:22","slug":"how-will-solar-storms-affect-future-mars-astronauts-thats-what-two-nasa-spacecraft-are-hoping-to-find-out","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/how-will-solar-storms-affect-future-mars-astronauts-thats-what-two-nasa-spacecraft-are-hoping-to-find-out\/","title":{"rendered":"How will solar storms affect future Mars astronauts? That&#8217;s what two NASA spacecraft are hoping to find out"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\">Solar maximum provides an opportunity to study the effects of an active Sun on the surface of Mars. <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Iain Todd\n      <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Thursday, 02 May 2024 at 09:54 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>As the Sun becomes more active, more solar storms occur on its surface, releasing powerful bursts of radiation that hit the planets of the Solar System.<\/p><p>Earth has a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/what-are-magnetic-fields-how-do-they-affect-universe\">magnetic field<\/a> that, for the most part, shields us from the extreme effects of solar storms, but Mars lost its global magnetic field long ago, so how can future astronauts on Mars hope to be protected?<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How Solar Storms This Year Will Help Mars Astronauts in the Future (Mars Report - April 2024)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wRaGAA0jFFA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>The Sun goes through an 11-year cycle of peaks and troughs of activity, known as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/understanding-sun-science-solar-cycle\">Solar Cycle<\/a>, and is currently approaching a peak, throwing out more solar flares and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/astrophotography\/sun\/sunspots\">sunspots<\/a>.<\/p><p>This, says NASA, makes now an ideal time for two of its spacecraft to study how solar flares could affect robotic probes and human astronauts on the Mars.<\/p><p>\u201cFor humans and assets on the Martian surface, we don\u2019t have a solid handle on what the effect is from radiation during solar activity,\u201d says Shannon Curry of the <a href=\"https:\/\/lasp.colorado.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">University of Colorado Boulder\u2019s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics<\/a>.<\/p><p>Curry is principal investigator for NASA\u2019s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) spacecraft, which orbits the Red Planet to understand more about its upper atmosphere.<\/p><p>&#8220;I\u2019d actually love to see the \u2018big one\u2019 at Mars this year \u2014 a large event that we can study to understand solar radiation better before astronauts go to Mars.&#8221;<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Artist&#8217;s impression of NASA\u2019s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) orbiter. Credit: NASA\/GSFC Full Image Details<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-maven-and-curiosity\"><strong>MAVEN and Curiosity<\/strong><\/h2><p>The MAVEN orbiter collects data on a range of phenomena as it orbits Mars, including radiation and solar particles.<\/p><p>And data from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-missions\/curiosity-rover-mars\">Curiosity rover<\/a>\u2019s Radiation Assessment Detector, or RAD, reveals how radiation breaks down carbon-based molecules on the surface.<\/p><p>This process could affect whether signs of ancient microbial life are still on Mars to this day.<\/p><p>Curiosity&#8217;s RAD instrument has also given planetary scientists data that could reveal whether astronauts might be able to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-missions\/astronauts-hide-radiation-mars\">hide from radiation on Mars<\/a> by using caves, lava tubes or cliff faces for protection.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/05\/mars-curiosity-rad-1024x513.jpg?fit=800%2C401\" alt=\"The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on NASA\u2019s Curiosity will study radiation on the Martian surface during solar maximum. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/MSSS\" class=\"wp-image-154747\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on NASA\u2019s Curiosity will study radiation on the Martian surface during solar maximum. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/MSSS<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-happens-when-a-solar-flare-strikes\"><strong>What happens when a solar flare strikes<\/strong><\/h2><p>When a solar event occurs, scientists analyse the quantity of solar particles released, and how energetic they are.<\/p><p>&#8220;You can have a million particles with low energy or 10 particles with extremely high energy,&#8221; says RAD\u2019s principal investigator, Don Hassler of the Boulder, Colorado, office of the Southwest Research Institute.<\/p><p>&#8220;While MAVEN\u2019s instruments are more sensitive to lower-energy ones, RAD is the only instrument capable of seeing the high-energy ones that make it through the atmosphere to the surface, where astronauts would be.&#8221;<\/p><p>Coordination between MAVEN in Mars orbit and Curiosity on the ground is key.<\/p><p>MAVEN detects a solar flare and Curiosity scientists observe RAD\u2019s data to look out for changes.<\/p><p>MAVEN also uses an early warning system to let other Mars spacecraft teams know when radiation levels begin to rise.<\/p><p>This means other teams can switch off instruments that could be damaged by solar flares.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/03\/GettyImages-1192970538-1024x640.jpg?fit=800%2C500\" alt=\"How will solar flares affect astronauts on Mars? Credit: Mark Stevenson\/Stocktrek Images\" class=\"wp-image-147545\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">How will solar flares affect astronauts on Mars? Credit: Mark Stevenson\/Stocktrek Images<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-did-mars-lose-its-water\"><strong>How did Mars lose its water?<\/strong><\/h2><p>Studying the effects of solar maximum on Mars could reveal why ancient Mars was warm and wet like Earth, but is now a freezing, barren wasteland.<\/p><p>When Mars is closest to the Sun, its atmosphere heats up and this causes dust storms to occur on the surface. These storms can even become global.<\/p><p>Could global dust storms be responsible for ejecting water vapour high above Mars, where the atmosphere gets stripped away during solar storms?<\/p><p>Perhaps this could explain why Mars lost its water.<\/p><p>If a global dust storm occurred at the same time as a solar storm, it would make for a good opportunity to test the theory.<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\">www.jpl.nasa.gov<\/a><\/strong><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Solar maximum provides an opportunity to study the effects of an active Sun on the surface of Mars. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":57915,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"4"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/how-will-solar-storms-affect-future-mars-astronauts-thats-what-two-nasa-spacecraft-are-hoping-to-find-out.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/how-will-solar-storms-affect-future-mars-astronauts-thats-what-two-nasa-spacecraft-are-hoping-to-find-out-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/how-will-solar-storms-affect-future-mars-astronauts-thats-what-two-nasa-spacecraft-are-hoping-to-find-out-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/how-will-solar-storms-affect-future-mars-astronauts-thats-what-two-nasa-spacecraft-are-hoping-to-find-out-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/how-will-solar-storms-affect-future-mars-astronauts-thats-what-two-nasa-spacecraft-are-hoping-to-find-out-1024x683.jpg",800,534,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/how-will-solar-storms-affect-future-mars-astronauts-thats-what-two-nasa-spacecraft-are-hoping-to-find-out.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/05\/how-will-solar-storms-affect-future-mars-astronauts-thats-what-two-nasa-spacecraft-are-hoping-to-find-out.jpg",1200,800,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Solar maximum provides an opportunity to study the effects of an active Sun on the surface of Mars.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/57914"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}