{"id":60372,"date":"2024-06-12T08:14:59","date_gmt":"2024-06-12T08:14:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/85a12264-7e98-467d-8eb0-75850428ceff"},"modified":"2024-06-12T08:39:42","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T08:39:42","slug":"new-view-of-the-closest-super-star-cluster-to-earth-responsible-for-the-peak-era-of-star-formation-in-our-galaxy","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/new-view-of-the-closest-super-star-cluster-to-earth-responsible-for-the-peak-era-of-star-formation-in-our-galaxy\/","title":{"rendered":"New view of the closest super star cluster to Earth, responsible for the peak era of star formation in our Galaxy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"> <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Iain Todd\n      <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Wednesday, 12 June 2024 at 08:14 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>Westerlund 1 is a super star cluster, a massive grouping of gravitationally-bound stars producing stellar newborns at a prodigious rate.<\/p><p>Astronomers used the Chandra X-ray Observatory and existing optical data from the Hubble Space Telescope to capture a new image of Westerlund 1.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Quick Look: 'Super' Star Cluster Shines in New Look From NASA's Chandra\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t5fifpeKiR8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>It&#8217;s thought super <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/star-clusters-astronomer-guide\">star clusters<\/a> like Westerdlund 1 were the main source of rapid star formation in the Milky Way&#8217;s early history.<\/p><p>So learning more about them could reveal more about how our Galaxy evolved.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-westerlund-1-and-star-formation-in-the-milky-way\"><strong>Westerlund 1 and star formation in the Milky Way<\/strong><\/h2><p>Currently only a few stars form in the Milky Way every year.<\/p><p>But about 10 billion years ago, astronomers think the Galaxy was churning out hundreds of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/beginners-guide-stars\">stars<\/a> a year.<\/p><p>This was the Milky Way&#8217;s peak star-forming era, and the rate of star formation has been declining ever since.<\/p><p>Most of this rapid star formation likely occurred in massive clusters of stars &#8211; known as &#8216;super star clusters&#8217;, like Westerlund 1.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-about-westerlund-1\"><strong>About Westerlund 1<\/strong><\/h2><p>Westerlund 1 is about 3-5 million years old and is the biggest of the remaining super star clusters in the Milky Way.<\/p><p>It&#8217;s thought to contain the same amount of mass as 50,000 &#8211; 100,000 Suns.<\/p><p>Westerlund 1 just 13,000 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/lightyear\">lightyears<\/a> from Earth, making it the closest super star cluster to our Solar System.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-lightbox\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chandra&#8217;s view of of super star cluster Westerlund 1 in x-ray. Click to expand. Credit: X-ray: NASA\/CXC\/INAF\/M. Guarcello et al. Image Processing: NASA\/CXC\/SAO\/L. Frattare<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-studying-the-image\"><strong>Studying the image<\/strong><\/h2><p>This new image was produced using 12 days of observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, along with previously released data from the Hubble Space Telescope.<\/p><p>X-rays detected by Chandra in white and pink show young stars and diffuse, heated gas throughout the cluster.<\/p><p>This gas appears in pink, green and blue, in order of increasing temperature.<\/p><p>The stars captured by Hubble appear as yellow and blue dots.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-lightbox\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1093\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/06\/westerlund-1-hubble.jpg\" alt=\"Image of super star cluster Westerlund 1 using data from Hubble Sapce Telescope. Credit: Optical: NASA\/ESA\/STScI; Image Processing: NASA\/CXC\/SAO\/L. Frattare\" class=\"wp-image-157566\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Optical data from Hubble was combined with the Chandra data to produce the new view of Westerlund 1. Click to expand. Credit: Optical: NASA\/ESA\/STScI; Image Processing: NASA\/CXC\/SAO\/L. Frattare<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Chandra&#8217;s dataset of Westerlund 1 has more than tripled the number of X-ray sources known in the cluster.<\/p><p>It&#8217;s the first data publicly released from the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) by astronomers from the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics in Palermo.<\/p><p>It found that 1,075 stars detected by Chandra are squished into the core of Westerlund 1, just 4 lightyears from the centre.<\/p><p>This is the same distance as between the Sun and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/proxima-centauri\">Proxima Centauri<\/a>, the closest star to our Sun, which shows just how crowded the centre of Westerlund 1 is.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-lightbox\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1093\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/06\/westerlund-1-chandra-hubble.jpg\" alt=\"Image of super star cluster Westerlund 1 using data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope. Credit: X-ray: NASA\/CXC\/INAF\/M. Guarcello et al.; Optical: NASA\/ESA\/STScI; Image Processing: NASA\/CXC\/SAO\/L. Frattare\" class=\"wp-image-157564\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image of super star cluster Westerlund 1 using data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope. Click to expand. Credit: X-ray: NASA\/CXC\/INAF\/M. Guarcello et al.; Optical: NASA\/ESA\/STScI; Image Processing: NASA\/CXC\/SAO\/L. Frattare<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>And the diffuse emission picked up by Chandra amounts to the first time a halo of hot gas has been detected around the centre of the star cluster.<\/p><p>This is enabling astronomers to get a better idea of Westerlund 1&#8217;s formation, evolution and current mass.<\/p><p><strong><em>Find out more about the study by reading the official paper, published in the journal <a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2024A%26A...682A..49G\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Astronomy and Astrophysics<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Iain Todd Published: Wednesday, 12 June 2024 at 08:14 AM Westerlund 1 is a super star cluster, a massive grouping of gravitationally-bound stars producing stellar newborns at a prodigious rate. Astronomers used the Chandra X-ray Observatory and existing optical data from the Hubble Space Telescope to capture a new image of Westerlund 1. It&#8217;s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":60373,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"3"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/06\/new-view-of-the-closest-super-star-cluster-to-earth-responsible-for-the-peak-era-of-star-formation-in-our-galaxy.jpg",1200,1093,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/06\/new-view-of-the-closest-super-star-cluster-to-earth-responsible-for-the-peak-era-of-star-formation-in-our-galaxy-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/06\/new-view-of-the-closest-super-star-cluster-to-earth-responsible-for-the-peak-era-of-star-formation-in-our-galaxy-300x273.jpg",300,273,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/06\/new-view-of-the-closest-super-star-cluster-to-earth-responsible-for-the-peak-era-of-star-formation-in-our-galaxy-768x700.jpg",768,700,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/06\/new-view-of-the-closest-super-star-cluster-to-earth-responsible-for-the-peak-era-of-star-formation-in-our-galaxy-1024x933.jpg",800,729,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/06\/new-view-of-the-closest-super-star-cluster-to-earth-responsible-for-the-peak-era-of-star-formation-in-our-galaxy.jpg",1200,1093,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/06\/new-view-of-the-closest-super-star-cluster-to-earth-responsible-for-the-peak-era-of-star-formation-in-our-galaxy.jpg",1200,1093,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Iain Todd Published: Wednesday, 12 June 2024 at 08:14 AM Westerlund 1 is a super star cluster, a massive grouping of gravitationally-bound stars producing stellar newborns at a prodigious rate. Astronomers used the Chandra X-ray Observatory and existing optical data from the Hubble Space Telescope to capture a new image of Westerlund 1. It&#8217;s&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/60372"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}