{"id":62755,"date":"2024-08-29T07:40:21","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T07:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/b34fcdf5-cd49-402b-9887-179c540f2cde"},"modified":"2024-08-29T08:39:43","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T08:39:43","slug":"nasa-rocket-makes-first-detection-of-electric-field-that-explains-why-earths-atmosphere-is-escaping-into-space","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/rss_feed\/nasa-rocket-makes-first-detection-of-electric-field-that-explains-why-earths-atmosphere-is-escaping-into-space\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA rocket makes first detection of electric field that explains why Earth&#8217;s atmosphere is escaping into space"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"> <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Iain Todd\n      <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Thursday, 29 August 2024 at 07:40 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>NASA scientists have for the first time detected an electric field across Earth that is thought to be as fundamental to our planet as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/what-is-gravity-facts-about-force\">gravity<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/what-are-magnetic-fields-how-do-they-affect-universe\">magnetic fields<\/a>.<\/p><p>This &#8216;ambipolar field&#8217; was first hypothesised over 60 years ago, and was thought to explain how Earth&#8217;s atmosphere escapes so rapidly above the north and south poles.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Discovering Earth\u2019s Third Global Energy Field\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UCM1MaYC5lM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><p>Now a NASA rocket mission, named Endurance, has confirmed the existence of the ambipolar filed and also measured its strength.<\/p><p>This, say the team, reveals the role the ambipolar field plays in driving atmospheric escape and shaping Earth&#8217;s ionosphere.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ambipolar-field-explained\"><strong>Ambipolar field explained<\/strong><\/h2><p>A stream of particles is escaping from Earth&#8217;s atmosphere out into space, and this has been detected by spacecraft flying over the poles since the 1960s.<\/p><p>The phenomenon was named the &#8216;polar wind&#8217;, and scientists have been trying to understand the exact mechanism behind it.<\/p><p>Some amount of atmospheric escape is expected, as sunlight heats particles in Earth&#8217;s air and causes them to escape into space.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A view of the Indian Ocean from space, captured in June 2021 from the International Space Station. Credit: NASA<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Yet observations of the polar wind showed many particles within it were cold, but were nonetheless escaping rapidly.<\/p><p>Scientists inferred there must be an unknown electric field at work.<\/p><p>It was theorised this electric field should begin at about 150 miles (250 km) altitude, as this is where atoms in our atmosphere break apart into negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions.<\/p><p>&#8220;Something had to be drawing these particles out of the atmosphere,&#8221; says Glyn Collinson, principal investigator of Endurance at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and lead author of the paper.<\/p><p>Black in 2016, Collinson and a team of scientists began working on an instrument they hoped would detect and measure the ambipolar field.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/08\/nasa-endurance-rocket-launch-1024x984.jpg?fit=800%2C769\" alt=\"The NASA Endurance rocket launches from Ny-\u00c5lesund, Svalbard. Credit: And\u00f8ya Space\/Leif Jonny Eilertsen\" class=\"wp-image-161099\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The NASA Endurance rocket launches from Ny-\u00c5lesund, Svalbard. Credit: And\u00f8ya Space\/Leif Jonny Eilertsen<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-about-the-nasa-endurance-mission\"><strong>About the NASA Endurance mission<\/strong><\/h2><p>Named after Ernest Shackleton&#8217;s 1914 voyage to Antarctica, the NASA Endurance mission launched from Svalbard in Norway on 11 May 2022, just a few hundred miles from the North Pole.<\/p><p>&#8220;Svalbard is the only rocket range in the world where you can fly through the polar wind and make the measurements we needed,&#8217; says Suzie Imber, a space physicist at the University of Leicester, UK, and co-author of the paper.<\/p><p>It reached an altitude of 477.23 miles (768.03 km), splashing down 19 minutes later in the Greenland Sea.<\/p><p>Endurance collected data at a 322-mile altitude range and detected a change in electric potential of 0.55 volts.<\/p><p>&#8220;A half a volt is almost nothing \u2014 it\u2019s only about as strong as a watch battery,&#8221; says Collinson. &#8220;But that\u2019s just the right amount to explain the polar wind.&#8221;<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/08\/ambipolar-field-1024x544.jpg?fit=800%2C425\" alt=\"Artist's impression of the ambipolar field. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center\" class=\"wp-image-161102\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Artist&#8217;s impression of the ambipolar field. Credit: NASA&#8217;s Goddard Space Flight Center<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>The team says hydrogen ions are the most abundant type of particle in the polar wind, and they undergo an outward force from this field 10.6 times stronger than gravity.<\/p><p>&#8220;That\u2019s more than enough to counter gravity \u2014 in fact, it\u2019s enough to launch them upwards into space at supersonic speeds,\u201d says Alex Glocer, Endurance project scientist at NASA Goddard and co-author of the paper.<\/p><p>&#8220;It\u2019s like this conveyor belt, lifting the atmosphere up into space,&#8221; says Collinson.<\/p><p>The Endurance scientists say the ambipolar field could have shaped the evolution of Earth&#8217;s atmosphere in ways we don&#8217;t yet know, but now the window of opportunity is open for further exploration.<\/p><p>What&#8217;s more, similar electric fields could exist on other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skyatnightmagazine.com\/space-science\/planets-solar-system-guide\">planets of the Solar System<\/a>, including Venus and Mars.<\/p><p>&#8220;Any planet with an atmosphere should have an ambipolar field,&#8221; Collinson says.<\/p><p>&#8220;Now that we\u2019ve finally measured it, we can begin learning how it\u2019s shaped our planet as well as others over time.&#8221;<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>science.nasa.gov<\/strong><\/a><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Iain Todd Published: Thursday, 29 August 2024 at 07:40 AM NASA scientists have for the first time detected an electric field across Earth that is thought to be as fundamental to our planet as gravity and magnetic fields. This &#8216;ambipolar field&#8217; was first hypothesised over 60 years ago, and was thought to explain how [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":62756,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"3"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/08\/nasa-rocket-makes-first-detection-of-electric-field-that-explains-why-earths-atmosphere-is-escaping-into-space.jpg",1200,1153,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/08\/nasa-rocket-makes-first-detection-of-electric-field-that-explains-why-earths-atmosphere-is-escaping-into-space-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/08\/nasa-rocket-makes-first-detection-of-electric-field-that-explains-why-earths-atmosphere-is-escaping-into-space-300x288.jpg",300,288,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/08\/nasa-rocket-makes-first-detection-of-electric-field-that-explains-why-earths-atmosphere-is-escaping-into-space-768x738.jpg",768,738,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/08\/nasa-rocket-makes-first-detection-of-electric-field-that-explains-why-earths-atmosphere-is-escaping-into-space-1024x984.jpg",800,769,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/08\/nasa-rocket-makes-first-detection-of-electric-field-that-explains-why-earths-atmosphere-is-escaping-into-space.jpg",1200,1153,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/77\/2024\/08\/nasa-rocket-makes-first-detection-of-electric-field-that-explains-why-earths-atmosphere-is-escaping-into-space.jpg",1200,1153,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Iain Todd Published: Thursday, 29 August 2024 at 07:40 AM NASA scientists have for the first time detected an electric field across Earth that is thought to be as fundamental to our planet as gravity and magnetic fields. This &#8216;ambipolar field&#8217; was first hypothesised over 60 years ago, and was thought to explain how&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/62755"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcskyatnight\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}