Sperm whale poo is ideal phytoplankton fertiliser. During their hour-long dives into the ‘twilight zone’ ocean layer, chasing after squid, the whales’ digestive systems temporarily shut down to save energy.
When they return to the surface they release a liquid, iron-rich slick which floats at the surface and can stimulate the growth of carbon-fixing plankton.
Each year, sperm whales around Antarctica release roughly 50 tonnes of iron from their deep-sea diet, triggering phytoplankton blooms that capture about 400,000 tonnes of carbon from the atmosphere – enough to offset the carbon released by the whales when they breathe out, making them carbon neutral.
Before commercial whaling, sperm whale waste matter helped capture more like 2 million tonnes of carbon.
This profound impact on other wildlife in the ecosystem has led to sperm whales being described as marine ecosystem engineers.
More on ecosystem engineers:
!["Hippopotamus]("https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/23/2023/01/Hippo.-GettyImages-141467674-9c506ff.jpg?quality=45&resize=556,556" "\"Hippopotamus")
As well as faeces, the digestive system of sperm whales also produce a substance called ambergris. This is a solid and waxy substance, which gains a sweet, earthy substance as it ages.
It has long been used in perfumes, as well as being served as food or in a medicinal purpose – being considered an aphrodisiac in some cultures, and used to treat a range of ailments by Europeans in the Middle Ages.
Because it is hard to come by naturally, and whaling has mostly stopped around the world, ambergris is worth a fortune when found.
Main image: A sperm whale swimming in the Atlantic Ocean. © Thomas Haider/Getty