{"id":28247,"date":"2023-06-01T15:29:22","date_gmt":"2023-06-01T13:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/?post_type=purple_issue&#038;p=28247"},"modified":"2023-06-01T18:28:32","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T16:28:32","slug":"back-to-nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/2023\/06\/01\/back-to-nature\/","title":{"rendered":"Back to nature"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"no-tts wp-block-image alignfull article-in-image photo\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1356\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb-1024x678.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb-1536x1017.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption>The reintroduction of jaguars, an apex predator in Iber\u00e1, began in 2013 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Back to Nature<\/h2>\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center sans-serif article-standfirst\"><strong>REWILDING ARGENTINA <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center sans-serif intro\"><strong>In Argentina\u2019s Iber\u00e1 Wetlands, a showcase initiative is returning several keystone species and restoring this wondrous ecosystem <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center sans-serif author\"><em>By <\/em><strong>DANIEL ALLEN <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap article-full-body sans-serif dropcap\"><span style=\"\">AT THE AGUAR\u00c1 CONSERVATION CENTRE, a stone\u2019s throw from the Argentine city of Corrientes, Mburucuya the red-and-green macaw is ready to fly. As a whistle sounds, the stunning, vermilion-plumaged parrot spreads her wings and launches herself towards the nearest food tray, 25m away down the huge enclosure. She has already followed the same trajectory numerous times today, but practice makes perfect.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Having been born in captivity, Mburucuya needs to master a range of unfamiliar skills before she can venture into the wild. Nearly a year of intensive training has strengthened her wings for long-distance flying. It has also taught her how to avoid predators, socialise with fellow macaws and seek out food. As part of a group of birds performing a similar journey, Mburucuya will soon be released into the Paran\u00e1 forest of the nearby Iber\u00e1 Wetlands, where she and fellow returnees will play an increasingly important role dispersing fruits and large seeds from a number of native tree species. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"no-tts wp-block-image alignwide article-in-image photo\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1485\" height=\"1656\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/0a50e4dc-6e42-4c0b-aa92-83ed2aec3bd6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/0a50e4dc-6e42-4c0b-aa92-83ed2aec3bd6.jpg 1485w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/0a50e4dc-6e42-4c0b-aa92-83ed2aec3bd6-269x300.jpg 269w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/0a50e4dc-6e42-4c0b-aa92-83ed2aec3bd6-918x1024.jpg 918w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/0a50e4dc-6e42-4c0b-aa92-83ed2aec3bd6-768x856.jpg 768w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/0a50e4dc-6e42-4c0b-aa92-83ed2aec3bd6-1377x1536.jpg 1377w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1485px) 100vw, 1485px\" \/><figcaption>Preparing a redand-green macaw for release into the wild <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image article-in-image photo\"><figure class=\"no-tts aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/759a858e-a9eb-4550-88e6-b88b1cbb10e9.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/759a858e-a9eb-4550-88e6-b88b1cbb10e9.jpg 800w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/759a858e-a9eb-4550-88e6-b88b1cbb10e9-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/759a858e-a9eb-4550-88e6-b88b1cbb10e9-768x426.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Abird\u2019s eye view of the vast expanse of the Iber\u00e1 Wetlands  <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Red-and-green macaws, or <em>gua\u2019a <\/em><em>pyt\u00e3 <\/em>as they are called by the indigenous Guaran\u00ed people of the region, were once common in the forests of northern Argentina. But by the 20th century, the exotic pet trade,<span> illegal feather trafficking and deforestation had driven them to local extinction. Their comeback in the Iber\u00e1 Wetlands, which has so far seen 20 birds released into the wild, has come about thanks to the efforts of Rewilding Argentina (RA), a pioneering Argentine NGO that works to establish protected areas, rewild ecosystems and enable local communities to benefit from nature.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-style-large\"><p><strong>\u201cThe Iber\u00e1 Wetlands are a sweeping 13,000km2 wilderness of open water, marshland, grassland and forest\u201d <\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cThis is the first time that a locally extinct bird has been reintroduced in the history of Argentina,\u201d explains Sebasti\u00e1n Di Martino, RA\u2019s conservation director. \u201cAs forest regenerators, the growing population of macaws within Iber\u00e1 will help to create a more complete and functional ecosystem. Reintroducing keystone species such as red-and-green macaws is critical to the revitalisation of these wetlands \u2013 a revitalisation that is not only good news for nature itself, but for local communities as well.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">One of the most important freshwater ecosystems in South America, the Iber\u00e1 Wetlands (Esteros del Iber\u00e1) are a sweeping, 13,000km\u00b2 wilderness of open water, marshland, grassland and forest, of which about 7,770km\u00b2 are protected as the Great Iber\u00e1 Park. Located in north-east Argentina\u2019s Corrientes province, about 640km from Buenos Aires and just south of the border with Paraguay, the wetlands are second only in size to the Brazilian Pantanal. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">In the indigenous Guaran\u00ed language <em>iber\u00e1 <\/em>means \u2018brilliant waters\u2019, and the adjective is more than apt. A magical place for wildlife enthusiasts, the Esteros del Iber\u00e1 are filled<span> with dazzling biodiversity, boasting more than 4,000 animal and plant species. These include iconic species such as the jaguar, capybara, black caiman and giant anteater, not to mention more than 360 species of birds, including the greater rhea, crimsoncrested woodpecker, rufescent tiger heron and spectacular strange-tailed tyrant.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"no-tts wp-block-image alignwide size-large article-in-image photo\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Alicia-Delgado-from-Rewilding-Argentina-team-with-a-rescued-Giant-anteater-credit-to-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28868\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Alicia-Delgado-from-Rewilding-Argentina-team-with-a-rescued-Giant-anteater-credit-to-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Alicia-Delgado-from-Rewilding-Argentina-team-with-a-rescued-Giant-anteater-credit-to-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Alicia-Delgado-from-Rewilding-Argentina-team-with-a-rescued-Giant-anteater-credit-to-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Alicia-Delgado-from-Rewilding-Argentina-team-with-a-rescued-Giant-anteater-credit-to-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Alicia-Delgado-from-Rewilding-Argentina-team-with-a-rescued-Giant-anteater-credit-to-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>A giant anteater rescued by Rewilding Argentina <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif dropcap\">YET DESPITE ITS NATURAL abundance, Iber\u00e1 hasn\u2019t always been such a vital oasis. During the 19th and 20th centuries, illegal hunting, cattle ranching and intensive forestry had a hugely negative impact on the wetlands, with many species disappearing from the landscape completely. <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image article-in-image photo\"><figure class=\"no-tts alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/GettyImages-501016794_cmyk_preview-821x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28867\" width=\"234\" height=\"279\"\/><figcaption>Game-changing conservationists Kris and Doug Tompkins   <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cI first came here in the early 1990s and made several survey flights over Iber\u00e1,\u201d says Sofia Heinonen, a biologist from Buenos Aires who is now RA\u2019s executive director. \u201cThere were hardly any large wild mammals. Just lots of cattle \u2013 and not much else.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Also on board those flights were Americans Doug and Kris Tompkins. Starting in the 1990s, the husband-andwife conservationists \u2013 he, cofounder of clothing companies North Face and Esprit, and she, the former CEO of clothing company Patagonia \u2013 began buying up strategically located tracts of land across Argentina and Chile to protect through their nonprofit organisation, Tompkins Conservation. From 1997 onwards, this included growing amounts of land in the Iber\u00e1 Wetlands. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">In 2010, RA spun off from Tompkins Conservation (which is still a strategic partner, collaborating on rewilding efforts in Argentina) and now runs rewilding projects in the Iber\u00e1 Wetlands, as well as a burgeoning portfolio of other rewilding initiatives in Argentina \u2013 from the Amazonlike El Impenetrable National Park in the Gran Chaco region (north-west of the Iber\u00e1 Wetlands), to the high-plateau Parque<span> Patagonia, more than 1,600km south, and Patagonia Azul (Blue Patagonia) \u2013 its newest addition \u2013 where RA is rewilding an entire coastal ecosystem (see <\/span><em>box <\/em><em>on <\/em><em>page <\/em><em>74).<\/em><\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-style-large\"><p>\u201cNobody had attempted jaguar reintroduction before, so we were breaking new ground all the way\u201d <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Doug Tompkins died in 2015, but for her own part, Kris, who features in <em>Wild <\/em><em>Life, <\/em>a new <em>National <\/em><em>Geographic <\/em>film, maintains a huge interest in and affection for Iber\u00e1, where her own rewilding journey began. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cWhen Doug and I first started buying land in Iber\u00e1, the idea was to simply solidify territory and protect the landscape,\u201d she explains. \u201cThen we discovered that so much wildlife was missing, that species such as the jaguar, giant otter, giant anteater and redand-green macaw had been extinct here for many decades.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"no-tts wp-block-image alignfull size-large article-in-image photo\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Captura-de-pantalla-cachorro-1-Fundacio\u0301n-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28869\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Captura-de-pantalla-cachorro-1-Fundacio\u0301n-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Captura-de-pantalla-cachorro-1-Fundacio\u0301n-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Captura-de-pantalla-cachorro-1-Fundacio\u0301n-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Captura-de-pantalla-cachorro-1-Fundacio\u0301n-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/Captura-de-pantalla-cachorro-1-Fundacio\u0301n-Rewilding-Argentina_cmyk_preview-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Amari, released in 2021, is the first jaguar to raise cubs in the wild in Iber\u00e1 for 70 years <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cDoug and I understood the importance of keystone species in maintaining healthy, balanced nature. Iber\u00e1 made us realise that we weren\u2019t just in the business of creating national parks. Only by embarking on a long-term rewilding programme could we hope to transform these wetlands into a fully functioning ecosystem once again.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif dropcap\">ON SAN ALONSO ISLAND, IN the heart of Iber\u00e1, Mal\u00fa \u2013 a five-year-old jaguar from Uruguay \u2013 demonstrates one reason why these big cats top the food chain. Toying with a large bone, she applies the full force of her jaws (stronger than any feline), shattering it with a resounding crack. With jaguars hunted out of existence in Iber\u00e1 70 years ago, the influence of this formidable apex predator, the flagship species of local rewilding, has been sorely missed. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Those who visit Iber\u00e1 can\u2019t help but notice the preponderance of capybaras \u2013 South America\u2019s most iconic, supersized rodent. One of the most obvious signs of natural imbalance in the wetlands is the large groups of these seemingly tame, regal-looking animals, basking on the ochrecoloured roads or mud-bathing in roadside pools. Until recently, there was little for them to fear in the landscape, with jaguars long gone and pumas thin on the ground. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">The story of the jaguar\u2019s demise in Iber\u00e1 has been reflected across the vast majority of Argentina. There are now fewer than 300 wild jaguars left, mainly in the provinces of Salta, Jujuy and Misiones, in the north-west of the country. In the wetlands, however, the recent efforts of RA are slowly turning the tide in the big cat\u2019s favour. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Doug Tompkins had been fascinated by the idea of returning jaguars to Iber\u00e1 since he bought the San Alonso estate in 1996. But it wasn\u2019t until 2013, following the reintroduction of other species (such as the giant anteater and pampas deer), that a jaguar reintroduction programme on the island eventually got off the ground. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cNobody had attempted jaguar reintroduction before, so we were breaking new ground all the way,\u201d says Di Martino. \u201cIt took millions of dollars just to build the huge pre-release enclosures where the animals are prepared for their long journey into the wild. Then there was all the paperwork involved in bringing together captive jaguars from zoos and rescue centres across South America. It was a mammoth undertaking.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">On 6th January 2021, conservationists on San Alonso finally opened up a pen that held two four-month-old jaguar cubs, Karai and Por\u00e3, and their mother, Mariua \u2013 who had been brought from Brazil \u2013 giving them<span> freedom to roam across the entire Great Iber\u00e1 Park. It was a headline-grabbing milestone for Iber\u00e1 rewilding.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"no-tts aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1208\" height=\"1801\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/6c09f7e7-0a7d-45fe-9ed6-46f9468cfa29.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/6c09f7e7-0a7d-45fe-9ed6-46f9468cfa29.jpg 1208w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/6c09f7e7-0a7d-45fe-9ed6-46f9468cfa29-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/6c09f7e7-0a7d-45fe-9ed6-46f9468cfa29-687x1024.jpg 687w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/6c09f7e7-0a7d-45fe-9ed6-46f9468cfa29-768x1145.jpg 768w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/6c09f7e7-0a7d-45fe-9ed6-46f9468cfa29-1030x1536.jpg 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1208px) 100vw, 1208px\" \/><figcaption>Giant otters, another keystone species, will be released in Iber\u00e1 soon <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"no-tts aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1305\" height=\"1076\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/d5201783-0f5e-44a0-9707-ea066214cba2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/d5201783-0f5e-44a0-9707-ea066214cba2.jpg 1305w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/d5201783-0f5e-44a0-9707-ea066214cba2-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/d5201783-0f5e-44a0-9707-ea066214cba2-1024x844.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/d5201783-0f5e-44a0-9707-ea066214cba2-768x633.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1305px) 100vw, 1305px\" \/><figcaption>Balam the ocelot in his pre-release enclosure at Rinc\u00f3n del Socorro <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"no-tts aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1045\" height=\"639\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/691ff41e-ab99-4bd5-ba8e-2970939209c3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/691ff41e-ab99-4bd5-ba8e-2970939209c3.jpg 1045w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/691ff41e-ab99-4bd5-ba8e-2970939209c3-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/691ff41e-ab99-4bd5-ba8e-2970939209c3-1024x626.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/691ff41e-ab99-4bd5-ba8e-2970939209c3-768x470.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\" \/><figcaption>The strange-tailed tyrant is one of Iber\u00e1\u2019s most iconic bird species <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cThat was one of the most incredible days of my life,\u201d says Kris Tompkins. \u201cI never thought it could happen. But when those jaguars walked out of the gate I thought, \u2018I could die tomorrow.\u2019 Everything else is just icing on the cake.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Two years later, following further releases, Iber\u00e1\u2019s wild jaguar population stands at 12, with four cubs now born outside the San Alonso enclosures. With its abundance of prey, the carrying capacity of the Great Iber\u00e1 Park is estimated to be about 100 big cats \u2013 afigure RA estimates could be reached within a decade, with releases set to continue. <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image article-in-image photo\"><figure class=\"no-tts alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/62090510-274f-454e-afbe-36f7aab0b6be.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28244\" width=\"186\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/62090510-274f-454e-afbe-36f7aab0b6be.jpg 589w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/62090510-274f-454e-afbe-36f7aab0b6be-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/62090510-274f-454e-afbe-36f7aab0b6be-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 186px) 100vw, 186px\" \/><figcaption>Biologist Sofia Heinonen, RA\u2019s executive director  <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif dropcap\">AS DAWN BREAKS OVER THE beautiful Rinc\u00f3n del Socorro, an army of capybaras is already out in force, nibbling the plush, palmstudded lawns of this exclusive property. From time to time, groups of greater rhea pick their way daintily through the docile<span> herbivores, shaking their wings and pecking at the clover. The largest birds in South America, these flightless avians stand at over a metre high and can run at speeds of up to 65km per hour. Today, however, nobody seems to be in that much of a hurry.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Doug Tompkins acquired Rinc\u00f3n del Socorro, which was then a working farm on the edge of the Iber\u00e1 Wetlands, in 2001. He and his team restored and expanded the old farm buildings, removed cattle from the fields, rolled up hundreds of kilometres of wire fencing, and used the property as a base from which to rewild the surrounding landscape, as well as hosting the growing numbers of visitors keen to explore the area. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">A short drive from Rinc\u00f3n del Socorro\u2019s main collection of buildings is an enclosure containing another group (two males, two females) of stunning and ecologically important felines. Ocelots are the third-largest wild cat in South America \u2013 after the jaguar and puma \u2013 and are also considered keystone species because they help to keep small<span> mammal and bird populations at a healthy level. Balam, one of the male ocelots, has recently gorged himself on an armadillo, and is dozing in the shade of a small tree. In contrast with the jaguars on San Alonso, it\u2019s safe to enter his pen and approach to within a few feet. Balam lifts his head and emits a curious growling hiss, but otherwise ignores the intrusion. Up close, his gorgeous dappled coat is all the more captivating.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">After the successful releases of jaguars in Iber\u00e1, it\u2019s the turn of the ocelot. Decades of hunting mean the animal is virtually extinct in the wetlands, and fewer than 10,000 (maybe only 1,500) are thought to remain in the whole of northern Argentina. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cWe will probably release the ocelots into Iber\u00e1 some time in 2023, when all the animals have acquired the necessary hunting skills and the females have kittens,\u201d explains Di Martino. \u201cReleasing females helps to tie the males to the area, otherwise they would just wander off in search of a mate. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cWe expect to release giant otters into Iber\u00e1 soon, too, and pumas are gradually making a comeback of their own accord. As the Iber\u00e1 rewilding programme continues, populations of apex predators will gradually grow and diversify, though there\u2019s a long way to go before they reach natural levels.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image article-in-image photo\"><figure class=\"no-tts aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1546\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/83dfeee8-51a4-4442-94ce-11fdeba0cf3d.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/83dfeee8-51a4-4442-94ce-11fdeba0cf3d.jpg 1546w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/83dfeee8-51a4-4442-94ce-11fdeba0cf3d-226x300.jpg 226w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/83dfeee8-51a4-4442-94ce-11fdeba0cf3d-773x1024.jpg 773w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/83dfeee8-51a4-4442-94ce-11fdeba0cf3d-768x1017.jpg 768w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/83dfeee8-51a4-4442-94ce-11fdeba0cf3d-1160x1536.jpg 1160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1546px) 100vw, 1546px\" \/><figcaption>The eye-catching plumage of the red-andgreen macaw on show <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image article-in-image photo\"><figure class=\"no-tts aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"866\" height=\"995\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/b5075700-d34b-44c5-8752-744216ef9bd9.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/b5075700-d34b-44c5-8752-744216ef9bd9.jpg 866w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/b5075700-d34b-44c5-8752-744216ef9bd9-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/b5075700-d34b-44c5-8752-744216ef9bd9-768x882.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><figcaption>Visitors can rest during excursions at refuges built in the traditional style <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Even before they began rewilding, RA realised that releasing animals into Iber\u00e1 would be pointless if the drivers of their disappearance were still at work. This meant shifting local industry and commerce away from destructive activities such as farming, hunting and timber extraction, and towards a sustainable, nature-based economy. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cWe knew we had to develop naturebased tourism as a way for local people to derive value from the park,\u201d says Marisi L\u00f3pez, RA\u2019s parks and communities coordinator. \u201cOtherwise the old ways would have persisted. We had to change people\u2019s mindsets and show them that live animals are way more valuable than dead ones.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Over the past decade, RA has invested heavily in developing park infrastructure, as well as educational, training and other outreach programmes. Every time a jaguar is released, for example, local communities are given a presentation and invited to the park. Iber\u00e1 has also been promoted as one of Argentina\u2019s top wildlife-watching destinations, and is becoming better known overseas. As tourism grows, more and more locals are becoming involved in its rapidly evolving regenerative economy. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif dropcap\">Wildlife guide Domingo \u2018Mingo\u2019 Rene Gonzalez typifies Iber\u00e1\u2019s economic transition. A former gaucho (cowboy) and hunter, for the past 15 years he has offered horseback rides through the wetlands, and works closely with RA. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">\u201cA few generations ago, the wild animals here were thought of only in terms of their meat and skin,\u201d he says. \u201cNow people can see the benefits they bring and understand the value of bringing back nature. Today, to live in Iber\u00e1 is something to be proud of.\u201d <\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Beyond Iberia<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Five more South American rewilding initiatives <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"no-tts aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1369\" height=\"737\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/f209b05f-1fee-464c-b53e-ce783ddd9726.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/f209b05f-1fee-464c-b53e-ce783ddd9726.jpg 1369w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/f209b05f-1fee-464c-b53e-ce783ddd9726-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/f209b05f-1fee-464c-b53e-ce783ddd9726-1024x551.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/f209b05f-1fee-464c-b53e-ce783ddd9726-768x413.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1369px) 100vw, 1369px\" \/><figcaption>Chile\u2019s distinctive Darwin\u2019s or lesser rhea <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<h4><strong>Patagonia National Park, Chile <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">An iconic species of the Patagonian steppe \u2013 and Chile\u2019s largest native bird \u2013 the Darwin\u2019s or lesser rhea plays a fundamental role in creating and maintaining healthy grasslands by dispersing seeds. Yet in Chile\u2019s Ays\u00e9n region, in Patagonia, more than a century of overgrazing, hunting and nest destruction has threatened the bird\u2019s survival. Rewilding Chile (formerly Tompkins Conservation Chile) has been releasing birds into Patagonia National Park in Ays\u00e9n since 2014. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"sans-serif article-subhead\"><strong>Minas Gerais, Brazil <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Comuna do Ibitipoca is set in a forest reserve in the Mantiqueira Mountains, near the Brazilian city of Lima Duarte, in south-east Minas Gerais. The 6,000ha nature-tourism resort is reintroducing species missing from the local Atlantic rainforest, with licences to reintroduce the tapir, the red macaw, the muriqui (woolly spider monkey) and two spectacular birds \u2013 the solitary tinamou and the black-fronted piping guan. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"sans-serif article-subhead\"><strong>Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, Ecuador <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"no-tts aligncenter\"><img src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/6ecb4069-8260-40f2-9b2b-9550679a7305.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>Ecuador\u2019s endangered giant tortoise <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Exploited for meat and oil, giant tortoises were one of the most historically decimated species on Ecuador\u2019s Gal\u00e1pagos Islands. Iniciativa Gal\u00e1pagos (once the Giant Tortoise Restoration Initiative), a collaborative effort led by Gal\u00e1pagos Conservancy and the Gal\u00e1pagos National Park Directorate, aims to restore tortoise populations across the archipelago, including on islands where they are currently extinct. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"sans-serif article-subhead\"><strong>Peruvian Amazon, Peru <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">The rewilding efforts of Peruvian NGO, Hoja Nueva, are focused on the rescue, rehabilitation and reintroduction of keystone species in the Peruvian Amazon, such as jaguars, ocelots, margays and anacondas. Hoja Nueva specialises in carnivores (particularly cats, reptiles and medium-sized predators) because of their ecological importance, their prevalence in wildlife trafficking and the fact that there are no other centres dedicated to their reintroduction in the area. The primary aim is to stabilise and reinforce wild animal populations to ensure long-term survival. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"sans-serif article-subhead\"><strong>Patagonia Azul, Argentina <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"article-full-body sans-serif\">Situated on the coast of southern Argentina\u2019s Chubut province, in a key location for biological diversity in the Argentine Sea, this RA project works to protect and restore marine ecosystems to promote a new restorative economy through marine tourism and regenerative production. It\u2019s a new national park, rich in wildlife, with more than 60 protected islands and bays that serve as feeding, breeding and nesting grounds for species of birds and marine mammals such as whales, orcas, dolphins and sea lions. Terrestrial species include guanacos, lesser rheas and Patagonian maras (a large rodent). <\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"sans-serif article-subhead has-ccp-primary-light-color has-ccp-primary-dark-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><strong>ABOUT THE AUTHOR <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<div class=\"no-tts wp-block-image article-in-image photo\"><figure class=\"no-tts alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/d34bbac5-eefb-401f-bf5e-7b870020bdec.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"no-tts wp-image-28237\" width=\"84\" height=\"84\" srcset=\"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/d34bbac5-eefb-401f-bf5e-7b870020bdec.jpg 260w, https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/d34bbac5-eefb-401f-bf5e-7b870020bdec-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 84px) 100vw, 84px\" \/><figcaption>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p>ABOUT THE AUTHOR Daniel is a journalist and photographer with a focus on conservation. Rewilding expertise for this piece was provided by Cain Blythe, CEO of rewilding consultancy Ecosulis<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"no-tts wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"footer\">SEBASTIAN NAVAJAS; MACAW: REWILDING ARGENTINA; AERIAL: DANIEL ALLEN; ANTEATER &amp; JAGUAR: REWILDING ARGENTINA; THE TOMPKINS: DIANE COOK AND LEN JENSHEL\/GETTY; OTTER, OCELOT, TYRANT &amp; SOFIA: DANIEL ALLEN; MACAW: PETE OXFORD\/MINDEN\/NPL;SANTA CRUZ GALAPAGOS TORTOISE: TUI DE ROY\/NATUREPL.COM; RHEA: LUCAS BUSTAMANTE\/NATUREPL.COM; REFUGE: MATIAS REBAK\/REWILDING ARGENTINA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AT THE AGUAR\u00c1 CONSERVATION CENTRE, a stone\u2019s throw from the Argentine city of Corrientes, Mburucuya the red-and-green macaw is ready to fly. As a whistle sounds, the stunning, vermilion-plumaged parrot spreads her wings and launches herself towards the nearest food tray, 25m away down the huge enclosure. She has already followed the same trajectory numerous times today, but practice makes perfect.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":28234,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","purple_page_number":"62","purple_custom_meta_purple_page_number":"62","purple_seq_number":"1","purple_custom_meta_purple_seq_number":"1","purple_source_article":"article_62-1.xml","purple_custom_meta_purple_source_article":"article_62-1.xml","purple_source_issue":"June-2023","purple_custom_meta_purple_source_issue":"June-2023","purple_external_id":"June-2023-62-1","purple_custom_meta_purple_external_id":"June-2023-62-1","purple_issue_code":"|0000087245||","purple_custom_meta_purple_issue_code":"|0000087245||","purple_android_product":"com.im.wildlife.505","purple_custom_meta_purple_android_product":"com.im.wildlife.505","purple_ios_product":"com.im.wildlife.505","purple_custom_meta_purple_ios_product":"com.im.wildlife.505","purple_web_product":"","purple_custom_meta_purple_web_product":"","purple_publication_id":"58d61955-0ac4-406c-83f1-ab6f21d86b70","purple_migrated":"","kt_blocks_editor_width":"","apple_news_api_created_at":"2023-05-30T10:23:29Z","apple_news_article-theme":"","apple_news_api_id":"4b14d0b4-f9d6-4164-847e-5b312b0390f7","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2023-06-01T13:54:31Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADw==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/ASxTQtPnWQWSEflsxKwOQ9w","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_is_hidden":false,"apple_news_is_paid":true,"apple_news_is_preview":true,"apple_news_is_sponsored":false,"apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_article_theme":"","apple_news_sections":"[]"},"categories":[27],"tags":[14],"apple_news_notices":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"14","apple_news_title":""},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb.jpg",2048,1356,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb-300x199.jpg",300,199,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb-768x509.jpg",768,509,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb-1024x678.jpg",800,530,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb-1536x1017.jpg",1536,1017,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/bc2803cb-7ee1-4d1b-b971-ae8d1cead2bb.jpg",2048,1356,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"AT THE AGUAR\u00c1 CONSERVATION CENTRE, a stone\u2019s throw from the Argentine city of Corrientes, Mburucuya the red-and-green macaw is ready to fly. As a whistle sounds, the stunning, vermilion-plumaged parrot spreads her wings and launches herself towards the nearest food tray, 25m away down the huge enclosure. She has already followed the same trajectory numerous&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28247"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28247"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29080,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28247\/revisions\/29080"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}