{"id":23335,"date":"2022-12-14T12:52:21","date_gmt":"2022-12-14T11:52:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/?p=41489"},"modified":"2022-12-14T13:42:26","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T12:42:26","slug":"lichens-what-they-are-and-how-to-identify-the-different-types","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/rss_feed\/lichens-what-they-are-and-how-to-identify-the-different-types\/","title":{"rendered":"Lichens: what they are and how to identify the different types"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"><\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Brett Westwood\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Wednesday, 14 December 2022 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body> <p>If you fancy a new hobby that you can undertake whatever the weather and wherever you live, why not try lichenology? This rapidly growing science takes enthusiasts from the paving slabs outside their front doors to the weathered summits of the Scottish Highlands.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>What are lichens?<\/h2>\n<p>At school we were taught that lichens were an intimate partnership between a fungus and an alga, but it\u2019s not always that simple. Some of the \u2018algae\u2019 turn out to be cyanobacteria, and the precise nature of the partnership can be hard to untangle. The net result, however, is a lichen flora described by the late lichen hunter Oliver Gilbert as a \u201cravishing display of colour, texture, symmetry, newness and sculptural form.\u201d<\/p>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;What's\" in=\"\" a=\"\" lichen=\"\" how=\"\" scientists=\"\" got=\"\" it=\"\" wrong=\"\" for=\"\" years=\"\" short=\"\" film=\"\" showcase=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;113&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Fkw_VF5zDT0?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<p>Lichens are famously sensitive to sulphur dioxide pollution, and many species decide in urban areas during previous of industrial growth. But thanks to the Clean Air Act, they are making a welcome comeback.<\/p>\n<p>The variety of lichens can be daunting, so here is a guide to some of the more common species. The most conspicuous part of many lichens is the thallus, the manifestation of the fungal partner. The main forms of the thalli are fruticose, such as the pixie carps; crustose, like the <em>Xanthorias<\/em>; and foloise or leafy, such as the dog lichens.<\/p>\n<p>You can study them with the naked eye, but a hand-lens or microscope will reveal new wonders.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Why are lichens different colours?<\/h2>\n<p>The colour ecology of lichens is complex, extraordinary and not yet fully understood. Lichens are mini ecosystems, involving symbiotic partnerships between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacteria. The non- fungal partner provides photosynthetic chlorophyll, which brings greenish pigments, while a multitude of compounds, such as usnic acid, bring reds, oranges, yellows and browns. Meanwhile, reactions with rainwater can make the surface of the lichen more transparent, which vividly reveals underlying pigments.<\/p>\n<p>Some lichens carry extra stowaway species of parasitic fungi, have an algae coating, or undergo chemical breakdown due to air pollution, all of which can affect colour, too. Then there are \u2018psychedelic\u2019 lichens.<\/p>\n<p>Under UV light, forests come alive with carpets of luminous lichens in bright yellow, blue, pink, purple and orange. To our eyes, these lichens look pale grey or white.<\/p>\n<p><em>Answered by <a href=\"\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/author\/alexmorss&quot;\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\" rel=\"&quot;noopener&quot; noopener noreferrer\">Alex Morss<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\">How do lichens reproduce?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;s1&quot;\">Most lichens reproduce asexually, when conditions are good they will simply expand across the surface of the rock or tree. In dry conditions, they become crumbly \u2013 small pieces break off and are dispersed by the wind. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;s1&quot;\">The fungal component of many lichens will also sometimes reproduce sexually to produce spores. These spores must meet up with an algal partner in order to form a new lichen. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr\/><h2>How to identify lichens<\/h2>\n<h3><em>Usnea subfloridana<\/em><\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=174%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=174%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=206%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=206%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=235%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=235%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=323%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=323%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=361%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=361%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=237%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=237%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=323%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=323%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41502\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Usnea_subfloridana-1dddc77.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=361%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>One of the most common <em>Usnea<\/em> species, this lichen is widespread on trees and twigs, and sometimes found on rocks. It is tolerant to air pollution. Its growth type is fruticose, and it has a bushy thallus, with many branches. It is black at the base of the main stem, and the rest of the lichen is usually yellow-green or grey-green in colour.<\/p>\n<p>Winter means that beardy clumps of this common lichen become suddenly conspicuous on bare branches. In some areas it is occasionally replaced by the rarer <em>Usnea florida<\/em>. These species are separated by reproductive strategy: the former sheds tiny parts that sprout anew from bark fissures; its scarce relative produces sexually reproductive structures called apothecia that have a neater, \u2018flower-like\u2019 appearance.<\/p>\n<h3>Oakmoss (<em>Evernia prunastri<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=461%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=461%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=413%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=413%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41495\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Evernia_prunastri-303b778.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=461%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>Oakmoss is a grey-green coloured foliose lichen which appears to be fruticose. It\u2019s a common and widespread species in the UK, and typically found crossing on wood, such as branches, fences, tree trunks and twigs. This lichen is used in modern perfumery.<\/p>\n<h3>Common greenshield lichen (<em>Parmelia caperata<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=411%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=411%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41497\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_caperata-9419565.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>A foliose species, the common greenshield lichen can mainly be found growing on the bark of trees, and less often, on rock. It looks pale grey when dry and yellow green in wet. It is a widespread species, and locally common, with limited distribution in west and north of Scotland.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"><div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> <h4>More on plant and fungi identification:\u00a0<\/h4>\n<ul><li><a href=\"\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/how-to\/identify-wildlife\/how-to-identify-earthstars\/&quot;\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\" rel=\"&quot;noopener&quot; noopener noreferrer\">How to identify British earthstars<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/how-to\/identify-wildlife\/how-to-identify-ferns\/&quot;\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\" rel=\"&quot;noopener&quot; noopener noreferrer\">How to identify ferns<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/how-to\/identify-wildlife\/how-to-identify-plant-galls\/&quot;\" target=\"&quot;_blank&quot;\" rel=\"&quot;noopener&quot; noopener noreferrer\">How to identify plant galls<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section><h3>Hammered shield lichen (<em>Parmelia sulcata<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=461%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=461%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=413%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=413%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41498\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Parmelia_sulcata-bcbc497.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=461%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>A widespread and common species in the UK, hammered shield lichen\u00a0is grey-white in colour with brown tips, with a large thallus measuring up to 10cm in diameter. It\u2019s got a number of common names including cracked-shield lichen,<sup id=\"&quot;cite_ref-Houck_6-0&quot;\" class=\"&quot;reference&quot;\"\/>\u00a0powdered crottle,<sup id=\"&quot;cite_ref-PlantLife_7-0&quot;\" class=\"&quot;reference&quot;\"\/>\u00a0furrowed shield lichen,\u00a0powdered shield, and\u00a0waxpaper lichen.<sup id=\"&quot;cite_ref-Qian_8-0&quot;\" class=\"&quot;reference&quot;\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>Monk\u2019s hood lichen (<em>Hypogymnia physodes<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=237%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=237%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=281%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=281%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=321%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=321%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=440%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=440%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=493%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=493%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=323%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=323%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=441%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=441%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41496\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Hypogymnia_physodes-17ce163.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=493%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>Monk\u2019s-hood lichen is often used for monitoring and assessing air pollutions, as it has a moderate sensitivity to sulphur dioxide and heavy metals. Its thallus is grey-green in colour, with white powdery soredia (reproductive structures) on the underside of the upturned outer edges.<\/p>\n<h3>Reindeer lichen (<em>Cladonia portentosa<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=193%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=193%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=229%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=229%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=261%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=261%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=358%2C369,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=358%2C369,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=401%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=401%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=359%2C370,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=359%2C370,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41493\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_portentosa-06395c0.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=401%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>Also known as cream cup lichen, reindeer lichen is light in colour and fruticose in shape. A similar species (<em>C. rangiferina<\/em>) is also sometimes known as reindeer lichen, and is an important food for reindeer.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Cladonia floerkeana<\/em><\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=144%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=144%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=170%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=170%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=194%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=194%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=266%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=266%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=298%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=298%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=196%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=196%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=267%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=267%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41492\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_floekeana-cd420b3.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=298%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>This fabulous lichen sprouts dense clusters of tiny fingers up to 2cm high, which resemble old-fashioned red-tipped matches. With a bit of imagination, they also recall Red Coat infantry from a bygone age, hence the species\u2019 alternative name \u2018British soldier\u2019. These are the fruiting bodies of the lichen, with reproductive structures located at the end. Search for devil\u2019s matchsticks in the rich peat of heaths and moors, or on decaying tree-stumps.<\/p>\n<h3>Trumpet cup lichen (<em>Cladonia fimbrata<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=411%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=411%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41504\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Cladonia_fimbriata-62d4e42.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>Belonging to the Cladoniaceae family, it\u2019s fairly obvious where the common English name \u2018trumpet cup lichen\u2019 came from \u2013 with the grey-green cups atop long stems. This widespread and common species is normally found growing on soil and rotting wood, can be seen all year round.<\/p>\n<h3>Maritime sunburst lichen (<em>Xanthoria parietina<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=230%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=230%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=272%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=272%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=311%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=311%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=426%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=426%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=477%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=477%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=313%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=313%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=427%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=427%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41503\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Xanthoria_parientina-ce38afb.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=477%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>The maritime sunburst lichen provides a bright splash of colour on rocks or walls near the shore, or inland on rocks, walls and tree bark. It is also known by common names including common orange lichen, yellow scale and shore lichen. It\u2019s a common and widespread species, and very tolerant of pollution.<\/p>\n<h3>Sea ivory (<em>Ramalina siliquosa<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=222%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=263%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=300%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=411%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=411%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=302%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=412%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41500\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Ramalina_siliquosa-cb8305e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>A fructiose species, this brittle grey-green lichen is found on rocks and walls on the coastline \u2013 although it grows above the high-tide mark, it is tolerant of salt spray. It<\/p>\n<h3>Dog lichen (<em>Peltigera canina<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=216%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=216%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=256%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=256%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=291%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=291%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=400%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=400%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=447%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=447%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=294%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=294%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=401%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=401%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41499\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Peltigera_canina-d2a4973.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=447%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>Typically found growing on soil, woodlands, fields and sandy areas, the dog lichen can be easily confused with the closely related and more widely occuring <em>Peltigera membranacea<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Umbilicaria cylindrica<\/em><\/h3>\n<div class=\"&quot;image-handler__container\" image-handler__container--aspect=\"\" style=\"&quot;padding-bottom:\" calc=\"\"> <picture><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=248%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=248%2C199,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=294%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=294%2C236,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=335%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=335%2C269,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=459%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(max-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=459%2C369&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=514%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=514%2C413&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=337%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=337%2C271,\" https:=\"\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?webp=true&amp;quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/webp&quot;\"><source media=\"&quot;(min-width:\" data-srcset=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=460%2C370&quot;\" type=\"&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;\"><img class=\"&quot;wp-image-41501\" align=\"\" size-landscape_thumbnail=\"\" image-handler__image=\"\" image-handler__image--aspect=\"\" no-wrap=\"\" js-lazyload=\"\" data-src=\"&quot;https:\/\/images.immediate.co.uk\/production\/volatile\/sites\/23\/2021\/01\/Umbilicaria_cylindrica-0c8b63e.jpg?quality=90&amp;resize=514%2C413&quot;\" width=\"&quot;620&quot;\" height=\"&quot;413&quot;\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" title=\"&quot;&quot;\"\/><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/source><\/picture><\/div>\n<p>With a grey-brown upper surface and dark grey-black spots, this foliose lichen species is most commonly found in northern Scotland.<\/p>\n<hr\/><p><em>Main image: A close up of a pale green lichen in the Brecon Beacons, Wales, UK. \u00a9 C T Aylward\/Getty<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>All illustrations by Sandra Pond\/The Art Agency.<\/em><\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Brett Westwood Published: Wednesday, 14 December 2022 at 12:00 am If you fancy a new hobby that you can undertake whatever the weather and wherever you live, why not try lichenology? This rapidly growing science takes enthusiasts from the paving slabs outside their front doors to the weathered summits of the Scottish Highlands. \u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":23336,"template":"","categories":[1,51],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"7"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2022\/12\/lichens-what-they-are-and-how-to-identify-the-different-types.jpg",2122,1412,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2022\/12\/lichens-what-they-are-and-how-to-identify-the-different-types-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2022\/12\/lichens-what-they-are-and-how-to-identify-the-different-types-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2022\/12\/lichens-what-they-are-and-how-to-identify-the-different-types-768x511.jpg",768,511,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2022\/12\/lichens-what-they-are-and-how-to-identify-the-different-types-1024x681.jpg",800,532,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2022\/12\/lichens-what-they-are-and-how-to-identify-the-different-types-1536x1022.jpg",1536,1022,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2022\/12\/lichens-what-they-are-and-how-to-identify-the-different-types-2048x1363.jpg",2048,1363,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"By Brett Westwood Published: Wednesday, 14 December 2022 at 12:00 am If you fancy a new hobby that you can undertake whatever the weather and wherever you live, why not try lichenology? This rapidly growing science takes enthusiasts from the paving slabs outside their front doors to the weathered summits of the Scottish Highlands. \u00a0&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/23335"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}