{"id":28024,"date":"2023-05-12T16:54:13","date_gmt":"2023-05-12T14:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/?p=76862"},"modified":"2023-05-12T17:35:45","modified_gmt":"2023-05-12T15:35:45","slug":"hair-ice-fungus-what-is-is-and-how-this-rare-magical-winter-sight-forms","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/rss_feed\/hair-ice-fungus-what-is-is-and-how-this-rare-magical-winter-sight-forms\/","title":{"rendered":"Hair ice fungus: what is is and how this rare magical winter sight forms"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\"> Nick Baker takes a look at the weird phenomenon that produces hair ice, a rare winter wonder formed by a bit of alchemy magic <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Nick Baker\n                \t\t<\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Friday, 12 May 2023 at 12:00 am<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body> <p class=\"&quot;p1&quot;\"><span class=\"&quot;s1&quot;\">At <\/span>first glance hair ice doesn\u2019t look like much. But against the dark, mouldering litter of wind-fallen twigs, branches and leaves, a pearly luminescence catches the curious eye, drawing you in for a closer look. Only then do you notice the wispy weirdness. A fluff that looks more fabric than ice, a perfectly coiffured beard of fine threads radiating out from the dead wood. What could it be\u2026 <span class=\"&quot;s1&quot;\">fibre-optic candyfloss?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p3&quot;\">This is exactly how it happened for me one crisp winter day in the Scottish Highlands. It was a moment right up there with more obviously exciting encounters I\u2019ve had with eagles and dolphins. But why is hair ice so rare, or indeed relevant to this column? After all, it\u2019s just ice, right? Well, technically, no.<\/p>\n<h2>What is hair ice?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"&quot;p3&quot;\">Hair ice is most often seen on a winter\u2019s morning, having grown the previous night on rotting wood. It only occurs when several other factors are just right: moisture, atmospheric conditions and temperature. And there has to be a secret extra ingredient \u2013 a fungus called <i>Exidiopsis effusa<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p3&quot;\">Rather brilliantly, this micro magic was first discovered by Alfred Wegener, the same man who noticed continental drift, one of Earth\u2019s most macro phenomena. In 1918, he spotted that wood that hosted this strange ice had a delicate filigree of cottony fibres on its surface \u2013 the mycelial threads of a fungus \u2013 and postulated that this was relevant to the ice formation.<\/p>\n<h2>How is hair ice formed?<\/h2>\n<iframe title=\"&quot;Timelapse\" video=\"\" of=\"\" growing=\"\" hair=\"\" ice=\"\" width=\"&quot;200&quot;\" height=\"&quot;150&quot;\" src=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5cRngAm8uqA?feature=oembed&quot;\" frameborder=\"&quot;0&quot;\" allow=\"&quot;accelerometer;\" autoplay=\"\" clipboard-write=\"\" encrypted-media=\"\" gyroscope=\"\" picture-in-picture=\"\" web-share=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/>\n<p class=\"&quot;p3&quot;\">The hair ice itself is formed of a multitude of threads, each less than 0.02mm in diameter, which seem to grow from the bare wood (not bark) of dead deciduous wood of several species.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p3&quot;\">The air temperature needs to be just under 0\u00b0C, and colder than the wood, which cannot be frozen. It turns out that the diameter of each ice thread coincides with the diameter of the tubes in the dead wood and is formed by a process of exudation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p3&quot;\">Until recently, how the mechanism worked was a mystery. But in 2015, a Swiss study led by Dr Christian M\u00e4tzler officially made the link to the <i>Exidiopsis<\/i> fungus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p3&quot;\">His team learned that, under certain conditions, a process called ice segregation occurs. This is when cold air freezes water on the surface of the wood, sandwiching a thin layer of water between the ice and the rotten wood. At this \u2018ice-front\u2019, the water in the pores of the dead wood expands and draws more water out from the pores on the wood\u2019s surface, where it in turn freezes and adds to the base of the growing ice filament.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p3&quot;\">Traces of the metabolic products of the fungal activity on the dead wood \u2013 lignin and tannin \u2013 were found in the melted hair ice. It is thought that these act a little like anti-freeze proteins, preventing big crystals forming on the surface of the wood and also acting as a stabilising agent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"&quot;p3&quot;\">The alchemy that produces this stunning curiosity is nearly as beautiful as the collective ice threads themselves. It\u2019s a real winter wonder, seldom seen \u2013 not just because the conditions required are so specific, but also because the effect is almost invisible if there is snow or frost on the ground. If you find it once, it\u2019s worth making a note of the location, as the phenomenon may repeat itself over several years.<\/p>\n<section class=\"&quot;highlight\"> <div class=\"&quot;highlight__content\" editor-content=\"\"> \n<h4>More by Nick Baker<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/insects-invertebrates\/moon-snail-facts\/&quot;\">Meet the moon snail, a killer predator who likes to paralyse and liquidise its prey<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/insects-invertebrates\/green-lacewing-facts\/&quot;\">Green lacewing guide: lifecycle, diet, size \u2013 and why green lacewings are a gardener\u2019s friend<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/insects-invertebrates\/oil-beetle-lifecycle-facts\/&quot;\">Oil beetle lifecycle: How bees are crucial to the rare oil beetle\u2019s survival<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"&quot;https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/insects-invertebrates\/turbellaria-flatworms\/&quot;\">Meet the weird\u00a0Turbellaria, freshwater flatworms that can survive being cut up by a knife<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p><\/div> <\/section> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Nick Baker takes a look at the weird phenomenon that produces hair ice, a rare winter wonder formed by a bit of alchemy magic <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":28025,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"3"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/hair-ice-fungus-what-is-is-and-how-this-rare-magical-winter-sight-forms-scaled.jpg",2560,1440,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/hair-ice-fungus-what-is-is-and-how-this-rare-magical-winter-sight-forms-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/hair-ice-fungus-what-is-is-and-how-this-rare-magical-winter-sight-forms-300x169.jpg",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/hair-ice-fungus-what-is-is-and-how-this-rare-magical-winter-sight-forms-768x432.jpg",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/hair-ice-fungus-what-is-is-and-how-this-rare-magical-winter-sight-forms-1024x576.jpg",800,450,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/hair-ice-fungus-what-is-is-and-how-this-rare-magical-winter-sight-forms-1536x864.jpg",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2023\/05\/hair-ice-fungus-what-is-is-and-how-this-rare-magical-winter-sight-forms-2048x1152.jpg",2048,1152,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Nick Baker takes a look at the weird phenomenon that produces hair ice, a rare winter wonder formed by a bit of alchemy magic","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/28024"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}