{"id":43658,"date":"2024-11-07T13:33:01","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T12:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/74655571-725b-4107-b765-447211392de2"},"modified":"2024-11-07T14:28:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T13:28:48","slug":"discover-the-world-of-the-beautiful-yet-much-feared-sea-snake-do-these-venomous-serpents-deserve-their-deadly-reputation","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/rss_feed\/discover-the-world-of-the-beautiful-yet-much-feared-sea-snake-do-these-venomous-serpents-deserve-their-deadly-reputation\/","title":{"rendered":"Discover the world of the beautiful, yet much-feared, sea snake: do these venomous serpents deserve their deadly reputation?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\">\u00a0All you ever needed to know about the much-feared sea snake <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Thursday, 07 November 2024 at 12:33 PM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html> <head\/> <body> <p><strong>Sea snakes may regularly appear in lists of the world\u2019s most venomous creatures, but\u00a0in\u00a0reality\u00a0these marine reptiles \u2013 of which there are more than 60 species \u2013 represent little danger to humans.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Falling into two groups that evolved\u00a0independently<em>\u00a0<\/em>of each other \u2013 true sea snakes and sea kraits \u2013 these\u00a0amazing\u00a0creatures\u00a0showcase a range of fascinating adaptations to life in the water.\u00a0<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What do sea snakes look like?<\/h2> <p>Markings vary from species to\u00a0species\u00a0but\u00a0many\u00a0sea snakes\u00a0have\u00a0alternating bands of black, grey, blue or white.\u00a0Sea snakes have\u00a0a pair of short fangs at the front of the mouth, which remain hidden in\u00a0a\u00a0fold in the gums\u00a0until they emerge for biting prey.\u00a0<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How big are sea snakes?<\/h2> <p>Size depends on species too, with some as small as\u00a050cm long\u00a0and others growing to 2.7m, but most are about 1.m long.\u00a0They weigh between 0.6-1.8kg.\u00a0<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are\u00a0sea\u00a0snakes\u00a0dangerous?<\/h2> <figure class=\"wp-block-video\"> <video controls=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/62\/2024\/11\/Dubois-sea-snake-.mp4\"\/> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Getty video <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <p>Sea snakes have some of the deadliest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/venomous-vs-poisonous\">venom <\/a>around (with the\u00a0Dubois\u2019 sea\u00a0snake above\u00a0thought to top the list),\u00a0containing powerful\u00a0toxins\u00a0that\u00a0can\u00a0cause paralysis, including of the diaphragm, potentially leading to respiratory failure.\u00a0<\/p> <p>Fortunately, it\u2019s rare to hear of sea snakes causing harm to humans \u2013 sea snakes are not aggressive, have short fangs and release only a small quantity of venom with each bite.\u00a0<\/p> <p>Those\u00a0most at risk from sea snake bites are fishers attempting to remove sea snakes accidentally entangled in their nets \u2013 the beaked\u00a0sea snake (one of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/marine-animals\/deadliest-sea-creatures\">deadliest sea animals<\/a>), which is regularly encountered by fishers off India,\u00a0is thought to be responsible for the most human fatalities.\u00a0<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How have sea snakes adapted to life in the\u00a0water?<\/h2> <figure class=\"wp-block-video\"> <video controls=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/62\/2024\/11\/sea-snake-.mp4\"\/> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Getty video <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <p>True sea snakes \u2013 those that spend\u00a0the majority of\u00a0their lives in the water \u2013 have\u00a0a flattened body and oar-like tail\u00a0that\u00a0enable them to swim with an undulating motion. Smaller scales on the belly also ease\u00a0their\u00a0passage through the water.<\/p> <p>Sea kraits\u00a0\u2013\u00a0of which there are less than 10 known species, compared to the more than 50 true sea snakes \u2013 are less well adapted, thanks to the fact that they spend up to half their lives on land. They have retained their enlarged belly scales and cylindrical body, enabling them to crawl on land (unlike true snakes, which can barely move outside the water).\u00a0<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do sea snakes breathe?<\/h2> <p>A true sea snake\u2019s nostrils are positioned on top of its snout (rather than to the sides, as in terrestrial species) to aid breathing at the surface.<\/p> <p>An enlarged lung that extends the entire length of the sea snake\u2019s body enables larger air\u00a0intake, and\u00a0helps with buoyancy at the surface too.\u00a0Glands under the sea snake\u2019s tongue are used to excrete excess salt.\u00a0<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/fish-gills\">How do fish breathe?<\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/reptiles\/can-reptiles-breathe-underwater\">Can reptiles breathe underwater?<\/a><\/li> <\/ul> <p>Sea kraits\u00a0\u2013\u00a0of which there are less than 10 known species, compared to the more than 50 true sea snakes \u2013 are less well adapted, thanks to the fact that they spend up to half their lives on land. They have retained their enlarged belly scales and cylindrical body, enabling them to crawl on land (unlike true snakes, which can barely move outside the water).\u00a0<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How long can\u00a0sea\u00a0snakes stay submerged?<\/h2> <p>Thanks to their specially adapted breathing apparatus, some sea snakes can stay submerged for up to two hours. They have been observed\u00a0hunting\u00a0as deep as 250m.<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where do\u00a0sea snakes\u00a0live?<\/h2> <figure class=\"wp-block-video\"> <video controls=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/62\/2024\/11\/Sea-snakes.mp4\"\/> <figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Getty video <\/figcaption> <\/figure> <p>Most species of sea snakes live\u00a0in\u00a0warm coastal\u00a0waters\u00a0of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They stick to shallow water \u2013 usually\u00a0no deeper than\u00a030m\u00a0\u2013\u00a0because they\u00a0need to be able to reach the\u00a0seabed to hunt\u00a0and forage, whether\u00a0in mangroves, on coral reefs, in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/plant-facts\/water-plants\/seagrass-guide-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-so-important\">seagrass<\/a> meadows\u00a0or on\u00a0the sand or mud of the sea floor<em>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p> <p>One species,\u00a0the\u00a0yellow-bellied sea snake,\u00a0lives in the open ocean, preying on fish close to the surface. This behaviour makes it the most widely ranging snake in the world.\u00a0<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What\u00a0do\u00a0sea snakes\u00a0eat?<\/h2> <p>Most sea snakes eat fish, including eels, and fish eggs, with the specifics of their diet varying by species. Two groups eat only fish eggs, while another prefers burrowing eels. Some sea snakes hunt in nooks and crannies, while others cruise along the\u00a0sea bed.<\/p> <p>Living in open water, the\u00a0yellow-bellied sea snake\u00a0feeds by lying motionless at the surface and grabbing unsuspecting prey fish that come to shelter beneath it.\u00a0<\/p> <p>Feeding patterns also\u00a0vary:\u00a0while some sea snakes are mainly nocturnal,\u00a0others\u00a0feed during the day and rest at night.\u00a0Sea snakes use their venom to\u00a0paralyse\u00a0or kill the fish they catch \u2013 in some cases their venom even begins the digestive process.\u00a0<\/p> <p\/> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do\u00a0sea snakes\u00a0reproduce?<\/h2> <p>Living in the ocean for the whole of their lives, true sea\u00a0snakes\u00a0mate at sea and give birth to live young, typically between two and nine at a time.\u00a0Sea kraits, on the other hand, are\u00a0egg laying (or\u00a0oviparous),\u00a0so must\u00a0go ashore to\u00a0lay their eggs.<\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/reptiles\/how-do-snakes-mate\">How do snakes mate? A guide to snake sex<\/a><\/li> <\/ul> <p>They mate on land too, with males thought to follow females to shore using a highly developed sense of smell. Once mating has occurred, a female will find a cave or rocky crevice in which to lay a clutch of between four and 20 eggs. \u00a0<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What threats do they face?<\/h2> <p>One species of sea snake,\u00a0Crocker&#8217;s sea snake<em>,\u00a0<\/em>is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, but numbers for many species are thought to be in decline.<\/p> <p>This is down to factors including climate change, which threatens sea snake habitat due to rising sea temperatures, and the threat of bycatch, with sea snakes becoming entangled in the fishing nets of trawlers.\u00a0Black-banded sea\u00a0krait have historically been hunted for their meat.\u00a0<\/p> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do sea snake shed their skin like land snakes?\u00a0<\/h2> <p>Semi-aquatic sea kraits shed their skin in the same way as terrestrial snakes, by rubbing themselves on rocks once ashore. True sea snakes do the same thing in the water, using submerged rock or coral to loosen their\u00a0old\u00a0skin.<\/p> <p>The yellow-bellied seasnake, which spends its life in open water, has had to come up with another method, however \u2013 it\u00a0pulls itself into a knot, twisting and coiling to rub the old skin loose. This behaviour is useful at other times too, to rid the snake of unwanted organisms like barnacles or algae.<\/p> <p\/> <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How long do sea snakes live?<\/h2> <p>Sea snakes can live up to 15 years, depending on\u00a0species<\/p> <p><strong>Discover more fascinating ocean species<\/strong><\/p> <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.discoverwildlife.com\/animal-facts\/marine-animals\/weirdest-sea-creatures\">Meet the strangest sea creatures of the deep<\/a><\/li> <\/ul> <p\/> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0All you ever needed to know about the much-feared sea snake <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":43659,"template":"","categories":[1],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"5"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2024\/11\/discover-the-world-of-the-beautiful-yet-much-feared-sea-snake-do-these-venomous-serpents-deserve-their-deadly-reputation.jpg",2124,1411,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2024\/11\/discover-the-world-of-the-beautiful-yet-much-feared-sea-snake-do-these-venomous-serpents-deserve-their-deadly-reputation-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2024\/11\/discover-the-world-of-the-beautiful-yet-much-feared-sea-snake-do-these-venomous-serpents-deserve-their-deadly-reputation-300x199.jpg",300,199,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2024\/11\/discover-the-world-of-the-beautiful-yet-much-feared-sea-snake-do-these-venomous-serpents-deserve-their-deadly-reputation-768x510.jpg",768,510,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2024\/11\/discover-the-world-of-the-beautiful-yet-much-feared-sea-snake-do-these-venomous-serpents-deserve-their-deadly-reputation-1024x680.jpg",800,531,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2024\/11\/discover-the-world-of-the-beautiful-yet-much-feared-sea-snake-do-these-venomous-serpents-deserve-their-deadly-reputation-1536x1020.jpg",1536,1020,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/44\/2024\/11\/discover-the-world-of-the-beautiful-yet-much-feared-sea-snake-do-these-venomous-serpents-deserve-their-deadly-reputation-2048x1361.jpg",2048,1361,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u00a0All you ever needed to know about the much-feared sea snake","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/43658"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/bbcwildlife\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}