{"id":66031,"date":"2024-06-24T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/c2859d6c-197c-4753-8366-22dbe6d5a713"},"modified":"2024-06-24T14:45:31","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T12:45:31","slug":"tour-de-france-jargon-buster-all-the-cycling-terms-you-need-to-know-to-understand-the-race","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/cyclingplus\/rss_feed\/tour-de-france-jargon-buster-all-the-cycling-terms-you-need-to-know-to-understand-the-race\/","title":{"rendered":"Tour de France jargon buster: all the cycling terms you need to know to understand the race"},"content":{"rendered":"

Don\u2019t know your bidon from your lanterne rouge? BikeRadar\u2019s glossary of Tour de France terms is here to help <\/p>

By <\/p>

Published: Monday, 24 June 2024 at 09:00 AM<\/p>

\n\n

Cycling can be a jargon-strewn minefield for newcomers and the Tour de France is no different.<\/p>

Perhaps you enjoyed the Tour de France Netflix series<\/a> and will watch the race live for the first time this year, but are daunted by the racing lingo.<\/p>

There’s also the multi-coloured wardrobe of Tour de France leaders jerseys<\/a> and the classifications they represent.<\/p>

The way in which Tour de France prize money<\/a> is distributed is hardly straightforward either.<\/p>

Factor in the Tour de France bikes and who’s riding what<\/a> and there’s a lot to get your head around.<\/p>

Ne t’inqui\u00e8te pas. <\/em>Our guide to commonly used Tour de France terms and what they mean will help you follow this year’s action.<\/p>

Common cycling phrases and what they mean<\/h2>

Attack<\/h3>

A sudden acceleration designed to distance a rider’s opponents, often but not always in the mountains.<\/p>

Autobus<\/h3>
Quick-Step – Alpha Vinyl riders saved team sprinter Fabio Jakobsen from elimination in 2022.<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Every Tour de France stage has a time limit and the autobus forms on the mountainous days when non-climbers from every team work together to finish inside the time limit<\/strong> (see below). Otherwise, they’ll be swept up by the broom wagon<\/strong> (see below).<\/p>

The autobus is also known as the grupetto.<\/p>

Baroudeur<\/h3>
\"POLIGNY,
Matej Mohori\u010d (right) won last year’s stage 19 after getting away in a small group. – David Ramos\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

An aggressive rider who specialises in breakaways<\/strong> (see below) in the mould of Bahrain-Merida’s Matej Mohori\u010d. They might target the combativity award <\/strong>(see below). <\/p>

Barrage <\/h3>

Meaning blockage in this context in French, a barrage is when the commissaires <\/strong>(see below) stop team vehicles from driving up to their riders at the front of the race. <\/p>

This is usually to prevent the cars impacting the race, for example when the gap between the breakaway<\/strong> (see below) and peloton<\/strong> (see below) is less than a minute. <\/p>

Bidon<\/h3>

The French word for a water bottle; many roadside fans will try to collect discarded bidons as souvenirs (though the UCI officially banned the practice of discarding empty bottles in 2021).<\/p>

Un bidon coll\u00e9\/collant <\/em>is a sticky bottle<\/strong> (see below). <\/p>

Breakaway<\/h3>
\"BOURG-EN-BRESSE,
The breakaway succeeded on this occasion, with Asgreen (back) taking the win, but it rarely does. – Michael Steele\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

A small group of riders (or sometimes an individual), who accelerate away from the main bunch during a stage. <\/p>

Breakaway riders are not always going for the win though. Sometimes the objective is to “show the jersey” and get their team sponsors on TV (une \u00e9chapp\u00e9e t\u00e9l\u00e9<\/em>). <\/p>

Sprinters may join a breakaway to collect points in the green jersey<\/strong> classification (see below). <\/p>

Broom wagon<\/h3>
\"PEYRAGUDES,
The broom wagon, ‘voiture balai’, drives ominously behind the stage stragglers. – Tim de Waele\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

The vehicle at the back of the race, which metaphorically sweeps up riders struggling to make the time cut due to injury or fatigue. In fact, they’re more likely to step off their bike into the team car.<\/p>

Bunch sprint<\/h3>
\"PARIS,
Bunch sprints are thrilling, hectic and dangerous. – Victor LOCHON\/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Flatter stages will usually finish with a bunch sprint \u2013 a high-octane, hell-for-leather battle for stage honours between the fastest sprinters in the peloton.<\/p>

Though the peloton arrives at the finish together in a bunch sprint, it is the sprinters and their lead-out riders<\/strong> (see below) who contest the stage win.<\/p>

Chasse patate<\/h3>
\"MENDE,
An attempt to cross to another group solo can be futile. – Alex Broadway\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Wild-goose chase in French, literally potato chase; when a rider is stuck between the breakaway and the peloton, with no chance of bridging the gap.<\/p>

Combativity award<\/h3>

Awarded each day to the most aggressive rider according to the race commissaires.<\/p>

The combativity award rewards the rider who animated the stage by initiating a breakaway, repeatedly attacked or spent a long time in front of the bunch.<\/p>

The winner can be spotted easily the next day thanks to their red race numbers. An overall combativity award is also given at the end of the race.<\/p>

Commissaire<\/h3>
\"LUZ
A jury of commissaires rules on contentious issues in the race. – Tim de Waele\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

The official(s) who adjudicate the race; they hand out fines in Swiss Francs and demote or even disqualify riders if rules are broken.<\/p>

Directeur sportif<\/h3>
\"ROCAMADOUR,
Team Jumbo-Visma sports director Frans Maassen is like a head coach in football. – Tim de Waele\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

A team\u2019s race-day director; the master strategist; the person gesticulating wildly and conveying tactics out of the team-car window. Some teams prefer ‘sports director’.<\/p>

Domestique<\/h3>
\"Jumbo-Visma
Even stars such as Van Aert have to assume domestique duties sometimes. – MARCO BERTORELLO\/AFP via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

The unsung heroes of the team, selected to look after their team leader. Domestiques keep their lead riders safe, fed and watered, and will work to chase down breakaways or try to dictate the pace of the stage.<\/p>

The French, however, use the more egalitarian \u00e9quipier<\/em> or Italian word gregario <\/em>to describe team helpers.<\/p>

Echelon<\/h3>
\"Cyclists
Team Sky formed echelons on stage 11 of the 2016 Tour de France, helping Chris Froome gain time. – JEFF PACHOUD\/AFP via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Echelons are splits in the peloton <\/strong>(see below) caused by a team increasing the pace through strong crosswinds. <\/p>

Riders fan out in a diagonal line across the road as they shelter from the wind behind and to the side of the person in front. At the back of the line, there’s little shelter from the side wind and even the strongest riders will struggle to hold the wheel. As riders lose contact, the bunch splinters into smaller groups called echelons. <\/p>

This tactic is more common in the Spring Classics, but it can work on the windswept west coast of France. <\/p>

Confusingly, the French call an echelon une bordure. <\/em> <\/p>

Feed zone<\/h3>
\"SAINT-GERVAIS
Soigneurs hand out musettes in the feed zone. – Michael Steele\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Lunchtime. Each stage has a dedicated feed zone, where the riders knock the pace off to collect musettes<\/strong> (see below) from their team soigneurs <\/strong>(see below).<\/p>

Flamme rouge<\/h3>

The one-kilometre-to-go marker, denoted by a red air bridge, under which hangs a red kite.<\/p>

General classification<\/h3>
\"CAHORS,
The general classification leader starts the day in the yellow jersey. – Dario Belingheri\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Each rider\u2019s finishing time is collected after the day\u2019s stage. The general classification sorts the riders according to their cumulative time, plus or minus any bonuses or penalties.<\/p>

The rider who has taken the least time to complete the race so far wears the fabled yellow jersey.<\/p>

Grand D\u00e9part<\/h3>

The start of the race. This year\u2019s Grand D\u00e9part is in the Italian city of Florence (Firenze).<\/p>

Simply l<\/em>e d\u00e9part <\/em>is the start of each stage and l’arriv\u00e9e <\/em>is the stage finish.<\/p>

Grand Tour<\/h3>

Cycling\u2019s three most prestigious stage races, each lasting three weeks, the Tour de France, Giro d\u2019Italia<\/a> and Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a<\/a> are known as Grand Tours. <\/p>

Grand boucle<\/h3>

Literally the ‘big loop’, the Grand Boucle is an arguably undeserved nickname for the Tour de France. These days, the race doesn’t visit the whole of the country. <\/p>

Grimpeur<\/h3>
\"LE-MARKSTEIN,
Climbers compete for the prestigious polka-dot jersey. – David Ramos\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

A climber; a rider who’s best uphill and may go for King of the Mountains<\/strong> (see below) points.<\/p>

Intermediate sprint<\/h3>

As well as the finish line, each stage features an intermediate sprint, where there are points and prize money to be won for the first riders across it. <\/p>

King of the Mountains<\/h3>
\"COURCHEVEL,
The harder the climb, the more mountains points are offered at the top. – Jean Catuffe\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

One of the Tour de France\u2019s secondary prizes, the mountains classification ranks the first riders across each classified climb in the race.<\/p>

The tougher the climb, the more points there are available for that ascent. The leader of the mountains classification is the King of the Mountains and wears the polka-dot jersey.<\/p>

Lanterne rouge<\/h3>

Named after the red light hung on the back of a train, the lanterne rouge<\/em> is the rider placed last on the general classification.<\/p>

Ironically, in the past riders competed to finish last in order to gain invitations to money-spinning post-tour circuit races called criteriums.<\/p>

Lead-out rider<\/h3>
\"SAINT-ETIENNE,
Lead-out riders have to be very fast in their own right. – Tim de Waele\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

This rider’s job is to guide their team’s sprinter through the frenzied final hundred metres of a bunch sprint.<\/p>

They shield them from the wind and leave them in the best position possible before peeling off.<\/p>

Mark Renshaw and Michael M\u00f8rk\u00f8v have excelled as poissons-pilotes<\/em> for joint-record Tour de France stage winner Mark Cavendish<\/a>.<\/p>

Maillot jaune\/yellow jersey<\/h3>

The iconic yellow jersey, or maillot jaune<\/em>, is worn by the general classification leader. Jonas Vingegaard (Team Visma\u2013Lease a Bike) won the yellow jersey last year. <\/p>

Maillot vert\/green jersey<\/h3>
\"PARIS,
A sprinter usually wins the green jersey, like Jasper Philipsen did in 2023. – Daniel Cole – Pool\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

The green jersey is the prize awarded to the points classification leader. Usually dubbed the sprinters\u2019 classification, due to more points being available on flatter stages, Jasper Philipsen (Alpecin-Deceuninck) won it last year. <\/p>

Maillot \u00e0 pois\/polka-dot jersey<\/h3>

A distinctive white jersey with red polka-dots, awarded to the leader of the mountains classification. Lidl-Trek’s Giulio Ciccone wore the polka-dot jersey on last year’s podium. <\/p>

Maillot blanc\/white jersey<\/h3>

The white jersey is worn by the highest-placed young rider in the general classification. All riders younger than 26 on 1 January of the year following the race are eligible for that year\u2019s youth classification. Poga\u010dar won in his final year in the category in 2023. <\/p>

Mechanical<\/h3>
\"LARUNS,
Quinn Simmons had to wait for the Lidl-Trek team car after a mechanical last year. – Michael Steele\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

A rider’s worst nightmare; a puncture or other mechanical issue, such as a dropped chain, that causes them to pull over.<\/p>

A team’s most valuable riders will get a spare bike from their mechanic or a team mate, ideally of the same height, will give them their bike. Less important riders will have to change wheels instead.<\/p>

If the team car is not in sight, the rider will have to rely on the neutral service<\/strong> (see below) car for assistance.<\/p>

Musette<\/h3>

A small cloth shoulder bag handed out in the feed zone, containing a rider\u2019s food and extra bidons to help them avoid bonking<\/a> (la fringale). <\/em> <\/p>

Nature break<\/h3>

No, not a civilised pique-nique <\/em>at a leafy French aire d’autoroute <\/em>(service station). A nature break is when the riders slow down or stop for a wee. <\/p>

Neutral service<\/h3>
\"Jumbo-Visma's
Jonas Vingegaard attacks followed by a hotdog and a Shimano neutral service motorbike. – THOMAS SAMSON\/AFP via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

A car or motorbike carrying mechanics, spare bikes and wheels to assist riders who have a mechanical if their team car is not close by.<\/p>

Shimano took over the job from Mavic in 2021.<\/p>

Parcours<\/h3>

The \u2018course\u2019 or route the race is taking. <\/p>

Peloton<\/h3>
\"The
The peloton will initially comprise 176 riders. – THOMAS SAMSON\/AFP via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

The peloton is the main bunch of riders during the race.<\/p>

Points classification<\/h3>

The top finishers in each stage and at each intermediate sprint are awarded points according to their position. Those points are added together to form the points classification, the leader of which wears the green jersey. <\/p>

Rouleur<\/h3>
\"LONGWY,
Rouleurs are often time-trialists, such as Filippo Ganna, who ride on the front for hours. – Michael Steele\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

An all-rounder and often one of the hardest riders in the peloton; a rouleur can excel on all different terrains and often makes for an excellent domestique.<\/p>

Soigneur<\/h3>

The unsung hero of a team\u2019s staff behind the scenes; the soigneur (also known as a ‘swannie’ in English-speaking teams) is responsible for looking after riders off the bike and handing out musettes, bidons and extra layers of clothing during the race. <\/p>

Sprinter<\/h3>
\"CARCASSONNE,
Mark Cavendish, the Tour’s greatest sprinter, is competing for the final time this year. – Chris Graythen\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Capable of stunning bursts of acceleration over short distances, the sprinters slug it out with their counterparts in the peloton on the flatter stages.<\/p>

Sprint train<\/h3>

Sprint trains form ahead of a bunch sprint, with team-mates providing a wheel for their sprinter to follow through the chaos that unfolds.<\/p>

At the back of the train will be the lead-out rider with the team\u2019s sprinter on his wheel, ready to burst for the line at the latest possible moment.<\/p>

Sticky bottle<\/h3>
\"CALAIS,
Hold on tight \u2013 sticky bottles are not strictly allowed but are common practice. – Tim de Waele\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

When a directeur sportif hands a bottle out of the team car to a rider who holds on longer than strictly necessary, getting a coup de pouce (<\/em>helping hand) from the car’s motion.<\/p>

Three-kilometre rule<\/h3>

On sprint stages, under the three-kilometre rule riders delayed by a crash or mechanical within the final three kilometres of the race will be awarded the same time as the stage winner.<\/p>

Intended to calm the race for the position in the finale, the rule doesn’t always have the desired effect.<\/p>

Team classification<\/h3>
\"Jumbo-Visma
Jumbo-Visma (as they were then called) won last year’s teams classification. – Victor LOCHON\/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>

The team classification ranks each team according to the cumulative time of their top three finishers on every stage. The team classification leaders may \u2013 but don\u2019t always \u2013 wear yellow helmets to distinguish them in the peloton.<\/p>

Team time trial<\/h3>

There is no team time trial again this year. A team\u2019s time is calculated at the fifth rider to cross the finish line. <\/p>

Time trial<\/h3>
\"Van
The racers switch to very different bikes for the time trials. – Liam Cahill \/ Our Media<\/figcaption><\/figure>

There are 59km of individual time trials in this year’s Tour de France, including stage 21’s mountainous 33.7km between Monaco and Nice. The 2024 Paris Olympics forced the Tour organisers to move from the usual Champs \u00c9lys\u00e9es finish to the south of France. <\/p>

Riders set off individually, in reverse general classification order, on specialised time trial bikes<\/a> with the aim of finishing the stage in the quickest time.<\/p>

Often dubbed the \u2018race of truth\u2019, an individual time trial can result in big changes in the general classification.<\/p>

Time limit\/cut<\/h3>

Riders must finish each stage within the time limit. This is based on a percentage of the stage winner\u2019s time and varies according to severity of the day. <\/p>

Sometimes the commissaires show discretion if racers finish hors d\u00e9lai <\/em>\u2013 if not, they\u2019re eliminated from the race.<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n

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