{"id":26360,"date":"2023-09-19T13:51:05","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T11:51:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/49d725f8-11f1-44bb-a1d5-b2aff369ac66"},"modified":"2023-09-19T14:34:48","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T12:34:48","slug":"the-largest-earwig-measured-8cm-but-they-are-perfect-garden-pest-control","status":"publish","type":"rss_feed","link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/gardensillustrated\/rss_feed\/the-largest-earwig-measured-8cm-but-they-are-perfect-garden-pest-control\/","title":{"rendered":"The largest earwig measured 8cm but they are perfect garden pest control"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"rssexcerpt\">Fear not the earwig: these insects are perfect garden friends and very unlikely to find a home in your ear <\/p><p class=\"rssauthor\">By Gardens Illustrated Team\n      <\/p><p class=\"rssbyline\">Published: Tuesday, 19 September 2023 at 11:51 AM<\/p><hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/><?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<html><body><p>&#8216;Earwig&#8217; is not a name to generate affection. The thought of these creatures nipping through one\u2019s eardrum with their forceps like pincers is the stuff of nightmares. Gardeners know how partial they are to flower petals, especially those prize <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/plants\/summer\/how-to-grow-dahlias\">dahlia<\/a> blooms, but there is much more to earwigs than their fearsome exterior as Fran Sconce, Entomologist and Royal Entomological Society Outreach Officer explains.<\/p><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Earwigs are not dangerous, nor are they poisonous or harmful to humans in any way<\/p><\/blockquote><p>Earwigs, order <em>Dermaptera<\/em>, are \u2018orthopteroid\u2019 insects and are closely related to grasshoppers, crickets and cockroaches. They are easily recognised by the pincers known as \u2018cerci\u2019 at their rear end and are often feared because of their appearance. They are, however, not dangerous, nor are they poisonous or harmful to humans in any way. The cerci, curved in males and straight in females, are there to protect them from natural predators; toads, birds, beetles and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/garden-advice\/how-to\/attract-wildlife-garden\">bats<\/a> to name but a few.<\/p><div class=\"is-layout-constrained is-layout-constrained wp-block-group highlight-box\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><p><strong>You may also like:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/chelsea\/small-stories-bugs-tom-massey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">If humans are to thrive on this earth, we must learn about bugs<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/features\/moths-pollinators-garden\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Moths are overlooked but play an important part in our ecosystem<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/chelsea\/aphids-what-control-facts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aphids are one of the most remarkable insects on the planet<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/chelsea\/aphids-what-control-facts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dragonflies and damselflies once had huge wingspans<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/features\/wasps-guide-garden\">Wasps are annoying, but you definitely want them in your garden<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Earwigs hide away by day in dark, damp crevices amongst plant debris<\/p><\/blockquote><p>One of the most common of our insect-related \u2018Old Wives\u2019 Tales\u2019 is that of the earwig crawling into a human ear to lay their eggs. Thankfully this is nothing more than a myth! Earwigs are nocturnal creatures that hide away by day in dark, damp crevices amongst plant debris and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/gardens\/country\/biodiverse-planting-nigel-dunnett-olympic\">log piles<\/a>. They are much more likely to be found in a loose piece of bark than in an ear canal but the likely origins of its name are probably the source of our aversion.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hind wing of Forificula \u00a9 Peter Barnard<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>The Old English word \u2018earwicga\u2019 means \u2018ear creature\u2019 and is likely to have been attributed to this insect due to the shape of their beautiful, shell-like (and rarely seen) wings. The etymology of the classification <em>Dermaptera<\/em> similarly derives from the Greek \u2018Skin Wings\u2019 and well explains their gossamer-like appearance.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe title=\"Earwigs: think you know them? Here's how helpful they can be in gardens\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qBT61tyAQKY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>They are much more likely to be found in a loose piece of bark than in an ear canal <\/p><\/blockquote><p>There are four native species of earwig in the UK all with slightly different characteristics. The most common of these is <em>Forficula auricularia<\/em> or European earwig. Three other native UK species are the Labia minor &#8211; the Lesser Earwig, the Short-winged <em>Apterygida<\/em> media and the <em>Forficula lesnei <\/em>which has small or no wings. All have slight variations in appearance or size. Earwigs, like most insects, have the ability to fly but rarely do so and on those occasions their flights are very short. The rear wings (which are used for flight) fold in such an ingenious way that they can be unfurled at the slightest touch, opening to 15 times their folded surface area, into a strong yet flexible structure. They are then re-folded behind the forewings (which do not fold) with minimum effort and are completely concealed when not in use. Scientists working on satellite and other space-related technology have been inspired by their design and are working on recreating it for larger, commercial applications. (<a href=\"https:\/\/ethz.ch\/en\/news-and-events\/eth-news\/news\/2018\/03\/earwigs-and-the-art-of-origami.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">More here<\/a>.)<\/p><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Earwigs have the ability to fly but rarely do so <\/p><\/blockquote><p>Globally there are only around two thousand species of <em>Dermoptera<\/em> which makes them a small insect grouping compared to those of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/features\/moths-pollinators-garden\">moths<\/a> or beetles which run into the hundreds of thousands.<br\/>Perhaps the most surprisingly endearing thing about earwigs is their parental care. The male and female pair-bond in late summer and mate in the autumn. The female will then retain the male sperm until the conditions are favourable for her to lay eggs which she will do so in batches of 50-60 in a nest just below the soil surface from winter to early summer.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1395\" height=\"929\" src=\"https:\/\/c02.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2023\/09\/Male-Forficula-auricularia-\u00a9-Colin-Rew.jpg\" alt=\"Male Forficula auricularia \u00a9 Colin Rew\" class=\"wp-image-158646\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Male Forficula auricularia \u00a9 Colin Rew<\/figcaption><\/figure><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>In their early lifecycles earwigs are known as \u2018wiglets\u2019<\/p><\/blockquote><p>When the young hatch from the eggs they look like smaller versions of their parents. Earwigs undergo a simple or \u2018incomplete metamorphosis\u2019 in which there is no larval or pupal stage. In their early lifecycles or \u2018instar\u2019 stages they are known, delightfully, as \u2018wiglets.\u2019 Throughout this stage the mother guards them zealously. She will feed them, lick them to keep them clean and pathogen free, and will even gather them up and move them if they become scattered or threatened by predators. After the final instar growth, the young leave the nest, before the motherly love wears out. Despite her former maternal diligence, she may now even decide to eat them! As a consequence, no long-term social colony forms.<\/p><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Earwigs will act as the perfect natural enemy to reduce numbers of aphids<\/p><\/blockquote><p>Earwigs are omnivorous and feed on all manner of living and decaying plant matter and small invertebrates. Unfortunately, for the gardener, they have a penchant for petals. They will happily chomp their way through our dahlias and chrysanthemums and think nothing of damaging our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/garden-advice\/how-to\/edible-garden-grow-plant-taste\">edibles<\/a>. Despite this they offer many benefits, contributing to our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/garden-advice\/how-to\/sustainable-garden-growing\">gardens\u2019 natural ecosystems<\/a> and, as well as helping to break down decaying plant matter, they are an effective and natural plant pest control. Earwigs in an orchard or amongst fruit trees will act as the perfect natural enemy to reduce numbers of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/chelsea\/aphids-what-control-facts\">aphids<\/a>, mites or moth eggs. They are now actively encouraged as an efficient biological control in commercial <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardensillustrated.com\/gardens\/expert-tips-for-growing-apples-from-gravetye-manor\">orchards<\/a>.<\/p><h3 id=\"h-how-to-control-levels-of-earwigs\">How to control levels of earwigs<\/h3><p>If your garden has excessive levels of earwigs they can be controlled responsibly and levels reduced by using homemade traps or shelters. Traditionally gardeners use the upturned flowerpot with straw inside, placed on a stick near the blooms in need of protection. Another effective method is to roll 10cm x 20cm strips of cardboard, tie with string and hang in the problem location overnight. Trapped earwigs can then be moved to locations where they will be most beneficial.<\/p><p>So fear not for your ears, your local earwig is a useful friend. We should not only tolerate them in our gardens, but actively encourage their presence.<br\/><\/p><p><em>Did you know the Royal Entomological Society offers an insect identification service? If you would like to know more about an insect you have discovered in your garden, you can fill out the form on the RES <a href=\"https:\/\/www.royensoc.co.uk\/understanding-insects\/identification-help\/\">website<\/a> and one of the RES team will contact you with more information.<\/em><br\/><\/p><p><strong>EARWIG FACTS<\/strong><\/p><p>\u2022 Earwig wings can fold to become up to 15 times smaller than their full surface area and could inspire new designs of fans and drones. More<a href=\"https:\/\/morethanadodo.com\/2020\/07\/15\/high-tech-insect-origami\/\"> reading here<\/a><br\/>\u2022 It\u2019s extremely rare that earwigs venture into ears, but many languages have names inspired by ears, French \u201cperce-oreille\u201d (ear piercer) and German \u201cOhrwurm\u201d (ear worm)<\/p><p>\u2022 The St Helena giant earwig was up to 8cm long but since 2014 it has been extinct due to predation by invasive mammals on the island such as rats and mice<br\/>\u2022 Cavernicolous (cave-dwelling) blind species have been reported in the Hawaiian Islands and in South Africa<br\/>\u2022 One group of earwigs in Africa are external parasites on giant pouched rats<br\/>\u2022 <em>Forficula auricularia<\/em> is invasive in north America, Australia and New Zealand<br\/><br\/>More <a href=\"https:\/\/morethanadodo.com\/2015\/09\/21\/5-fantastic-earwig-facts\/\">fun earwig facts <\/a><\/p><p>Further <a href=\"https:\/\/entomologytoday.org\/2019\/06\/25\/european-earwig-fruit-pest-potential-ally-or-both\/\">earwig reading<\/a><\/p><p>Follow #GISmallStories on social media to join the conversation.<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n<hr class=\"no-tts wp-block-separator\"\/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fear not the earwig: these insects are perfect garden friends and very unlikely to find a home in your ear <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":26361,"template":"","categories":[1,17],"acf":{"readingTimeMinutes":"6"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/09\/the-largest-earwig-measured-8cm-but-they-are-perfect-garden-pest-control.jpg",2560,1924,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/09\/the-largest-earwig-measured-8cm-but-they-are-perfect-garden-pest-control-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/09\/the-largest-earwig-measured-8cm-but-they-are-perfect-garden-pest-control-300x225.jpg",300,225,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/09\/the-largest-earwig-measured-8cm-but-they-are-perfect-garden-pest-control-768x577.jpg",768,577,true],"large":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/09\/the-largest-earwig-measured-8cm-but-they-are-perfect-garden-pest-control-1024x770.jpg",800,602,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/09\/the-largest-earwig-measured-8cm-but-they-are-perfect-garden-pest-control-1536x1154.jpg",1536,1154,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/09\/the-largest-earwig-measured-8cm-but-they-are-perfect-garden-pest-control-2048x1539.jpg",2048,1539,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"importmanagerhub@sprylab.com","author_link":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/gardensillustrated\/author\/importmanagerhubsprylab-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Fear not the earwig: these insects are perfect garden friends and very unlikely to find a home in your ear","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/gardensillustrated\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed\/26360"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/gardensillustrated\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/rss_feed"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/gardensillustrated\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/rss_feed"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/gardensillustrated\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/gardensillustrated\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/gardensillustrated\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c01.purpledshub.com\/gardensillustrated\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}