tenant farmers<\/a>. Moreover, they didn\u2019t have a lease so their landlord, Sir Roger Palmer, could have evicted them at any time.<\/p>The fact landlords had this degree of power caused much resentment in rural Ireland in the late 19th century and lay behind what\u2019s known the Land War. This took place between the 1870s and 1890s, and can best be understood as a time of agrarian unrest, when tenant farmers demanded more rights, particularly the right to buy the land they worked.<\/p>
Bridget\u2019s father Anthony Clarke was a leading figure in his local Land League, an organisation that was a kind of rural trade union. Indeed, when the Irish National Land League was banned in 1881 because the authorities feared unrest, Anthony was on a list of those to be interned without trial. Bridget\u2019s snobbery, it seems, may stem from her sense of belonging to an important family.<\/p>
With the Irish National Land League banned, a new organisation, the Ladies Land League, briefly flourished. Another of Julie\u2019s forebears, her great grandmother Maria O\u2019Brien, was a leading light in the organisation. However, Maria\u2019s father Cummins Buchanan was a \u201clandgrabber\u201d, someone who sided with the landlords and was awarded farmland as a result, and would have been widely shunned. Julie refuses to judge Cummins too harshly. \u201cLand was just so, so precious,\u201d she says.<\/p>
Anthony Clarke certainly knew this and there\u2019s one final twist in his tale: he never went to jail. Instead, it seems he might have gone to the USA. On his return, he was arrested after allegedly assaulting \u201can old car driver\u201d named James Joyce (not the novelist\u2026), who subsequently died. Thankfully, it soon becomes clear Anthony wasn\u2019t a murderer. An inquest reveals Joyce died following \u201can apoplectic seizure\u201d \u2013 a stroke.<\/p>
As for Anthony\u2019s final years, the Land League\u2019s campaigning was ultimately successful, but ironically he never bought the land he worked for so many years. Nonetheless, as Julie visits the graveyard where Anthony is buried, she\u2019s clearly proud of her forebear. \u201cHe was brave,\u201d she says. \u201cHe was there at the very beginning of the movement that changed the land laws in Ireland.\u201d<\/p> <\/body><\/html>\n
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